JSPM’S
JAYAWANTRAO SAWANT POLYTECHNIC,HADAPSAR,
PUNE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Class :- TYCO3.
Subject :- Capstone Project-Execution & Report Writing(22060).
PROJECT TITLE :-EARLY FLOOD
DETECTION SYSTEM.
Project Group No :- 22CO301
Roll No & Name of Student :- 124.Prathamesh Gaikwad.
159. Sahil Borate.
160. Vaishnavi Jadhav.
Enrollment No.-
2007110677
2107110598
2107110642
INDEX
1. Objective.
2. Introduction
3. System Architecture Diagram.
4. Mathematical Model.
5. Hardware & Software Requirement.
6. UML Diagram.
7. System Design.
8. Data Flow Diagram..
9. State Diagram.
10. Result.
11. Future Scope.
12. Conclusion.
13. References.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to monitor the flood situation & send alert in case of danger in the
form of text message.
The main objective of this project is to detect rising water level in a river at a reasonable distance
from the rail track/ roadways and intimate that to the respective authorities through SMS, to take
appropriate action.
Floods lead to a vast loss of life and property in many countries. But in developing countries the lack
of proper technology leads to more loss of life and property due to flood. This is due to lack of flood
detection systems.
Our project solves problem by implementing an early flood detection mechanism.
In this project we will connect electrodes at different levels. Electrodes will be interfaced with µC
through comparator. GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) modem containing a SIM
card will be connected to µC. At the other end mobile will be used. Mobile number of user will be
stored in µC coding. Whenever water level reaches to electrodes. SMS will be sent to mobile.
INTRODUCTION
In both developing and non developing countries, flooding is the massive natural
disaster that causes loss of human and animal life and property. Flood due to
earthquakes in oceans, hurricanes, rainfall and other natural disasters occur in many
parts of the globe every year.
During rainfall, unmanaged drainage system in various geographical regions leads to
floods and many lives are lost. If we have some system which can give us early alert
regarding flood then we can save lives of people. A system which uses technology to
detect the increase in water level and alert people beforehand so many people can be
evacuated.
So in this project we bring you a prototype which can be used to detect water level in
some pond, dam or reservoir and then send a alert using a Message. This is just a small
scale prototype in which we are going to use an Arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensor,
buzzer, LCD and some connecting wires.
BLOCK DIAGRAM.
MATHEMTICAL MODEL
TO DETECT A FLOOD THE SYSTEM OBSERVES VARIOUS NATURAL FACTORS, WHICH INCLUDES
HUMIDITY, TEMPERATURE, WATER LEVEL AND FLOW LEVEL. TO COLLECT DATA OF MENTIONED
NATURAL FACTORS THE SYSTEM CONSIST OF DIFFERENT SENSORS WHICH COLLECTS DATA FOR
INDIVIDUAL PARAMETERS. FOR DETECTING CHANGES IN HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE THE
SYSTEM HAS A DHT11 DIGITAL TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY SENSOR. IT IS A ADVANCED SENSOR
MODULE WITH CONSISTS OF RESISTIVE HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE DETECTION
COMPONENTS. THE WATER LEVEL IS ALWAYS UNDER OBSERVATION BY A FLOAT SENSOR, WHICH
WORK BY OPENING AND CLOSING CIRCUITS (DRY CONTACTS) AS WATER LEVELS RISE AND FALL.
IT NORMALLY REST IN THE CLOSED POSITION, MEANING THE CIRCUIT IS INCOMPLETE AND NO
ELECTRICITY IS PASSING THROUGH THE WIRES YET. ONCE THE WATER LEVEL DROPS BELOW A
PREDETERMINED POINT, THE CIRCUIT COMPLETES ITSELF AND SENDS THE MESSAGE TO THE
REGESTRED PHONE NUMBER. THE FLOW SENSOR ON THE SYSTEM KEEPS EYE ON THE FLOW OF
WATER. THE WATER FLOW SENSOR CONSISTS OF A PLASTIC VALVE BODY, A WATER ROTOR
ROLLS ULTRASONIC RANGE FINDER DISTANCE SENSOR. THE ULTRASONIC SENSOR WORKS ON
THE PRINCIPLE OF SONAR AND IS DESIGNED TO MEASURE THE DISTANCE USING ULTRASONIC
WAVE TO DETERMINE THE DISTANCE OF AN OBJECT FROM THE SENSOR. ALL THE SENSORS ARE
CONNECTED TO ARDUINO UNO, WHICH PROCESSES AND SAVES DATA..
•Hardware Specifications Software Specifications
8051 Microcontroller Keil Compiler
•SIM 800 GSM Module MC Programming Language:c
•Water Level Sensors
•Crystal Oscillator
•Resistors
•Capacitors
•Transistors
•Cables and Connectors
•Diodes
•PCB and Breadboards
•LED
•Transformer/Adapter
•Push Buttons
•Switch
•IC
•IC Sockets
8051 MICROCONTROLLER
Water Level Controller using 8051 Microcontroller project will help in automatically controlling the water motor by
sensing the water level in a tank. This article explains you how to detect and control the water level in an overhead
tank or any other container. This system monitors the water level of the tank and automatically switches ON the motor
whenever tank is empty.
SIM 800 GSM Module
SIM800L is a miniature cellular module which allows for GPRS transmission, sending and receiving SMS
Water Level Sensors
The working of the water level sensor is pretty straightforward. The series of exposed parallel
conductors, together acts as a variable resistor (just like a potentiometer) whose resistance varies
according to the water level. The change in resistance corresponds to the distance from the top of
the sensor to the surface of the water. The resistance is inversely proportional to the height of the
water. The resistance is inversely proportional to the height of the water. The more water the sensor
is immersed in, results in better conductivity and will result in a lower resistance. The less water the
sensor is immersed in, results in poor conductivity and will result in a higher resistance. The sensor
produces an output voltage according to the resistance, which by measuring we can determine the
water level
Crystal Oscillator
A crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of
piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. This frequency is
commonly used to keep track of time (as in quartz wristwatches), to provide a stable clock signal for digital
integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. The most common type
of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits designed around them were called
"crystal oscillators". The usual model of a crystal is a network of two capacitors, an inductor and a resistor.
Resistor
A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic
circuit.
Capacitors
Capacitors are crucial components in most electronic devices. They are widely used in electronic circuits,
power circuits, power supply units, etc.
Transistors
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electrical signals and power.
CABLES AND CONNECTORS
A CABLE CONNECTOR IS THE COMPONENT THAT YOU ATTACH TO THE END OF A
CABLE SO THAT IT CAN PLUG INTO A PORT OR AN INTERFACE OF AN ELECTRONIC
SYSTEM.
UML DIAGRAM
System design
This system consists of ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04)
as the water level detection. The Arduino UNO is
selected as the system microcontroller and connected
to the GSM modem. Both of the Arduino UNO and
GSM modem supplied by a battery. The system
intended are to provide information of the current
water level status in the selected area and give an alert
notification to the user if the water level rises that
would cause a flood. This system is user friendly and
be attained anywhere as long as mobile
communication coverage is available. Figure 1 shows
the block diagram of the system.
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
State diagram
RESULT
The system is implemented
successfully with creating
necessary dataset for flood
detection. The Arduino is
connected to the water level
sensor and temperature sensor,
which detects the water level and
if the water level rises over a level
mentioned it will be recorded and
will be sent as an alert as shown in
Figure.
FUTURE SCOPE
THE FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT IS , FLOOD CAN ALSO BE RELATED TO THE INTENSITY
OF RAINFALL, WHICH IS THE HEIGHT OF THE WATER LAYER COVERING THE GROUND IN A
PERIOD OF TIME. HENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RAINFALL FORECASTING SENSOR
EVENTUALLY TURN UP TO THE EARLY FLOOD MONITORING AND DETECTION, SCHOLARLY
STUDIES ARE ONGOING AND CAN BE IMPLEMENTED TO OUR EXISTING SYSTEM IN FUTURE
CONCLUSION
This project highlights the possibility to provide an alert system that will overcome the risk of flood. As the project
is enabled with IOT technology and hence the sensor data can be monitored from anywhere in the world. More
sensors can be integrated into the system in order to create more accurate and efficient flood detection system.It
can also contribute to multiple government agencies or authority that ultimately help the society and mankind
about the flood like hazardous natural disaster.
References
Luqman Hakim Azman (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn
Malaysia)
Prof. Dr. Nazri (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia)
