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Outliers, Variances, Probability Distributions (1) (Read-Only)

This document defines and explains outliers, variance, probability distributions, and correlations. It provides definitions for outliers as distant data points from the rest of a dataset. Variance measures how widely data points vary from the expected value. Probability distributions show the distribution of probability values as a function of variables. Correlation analyzes the strength and direction of relationships between two variables on a 0-100 scale.

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Anagha M
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120 views8 pages

Outliers, Variances, Probability Distributions (1) (Read-Only)

This document defines and explains outliers, variance, probability distributions, and correlations. It provides definitions for outliers as distant data points from the rest of a dataset. Variance measures how widely data points vary from the expected value. Probability distributions show the distribution of probability values as a function of variables. Correlation analyzes the strength and direction of relationships between two variables on a 0-100 scale.

Uploaded by

Anagha M
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OUTLIERS, VARIANCES,

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS,
AND CORRELATIONS
Amisha Sarika Gowda (1GA19CS011)
Amulya V D (1GA19CS013)
Anagha M (1GA19CS014)
Anagha S (1GA19CS015)
OUTLIERS
 Outliers are data points that are numerically far distant
from the rest of the points in a dataset.
 There are several reasons for the presence of outliers in
relationships. Some of these are:
 Anomalous situation
 Presence of a previously unknown fact
 Human error
 Sampling error
VARIANCE
 Variance measures by the sum of squares of the
difference in values of a variable with respect to the
expected value.
 Variance indicates how widely data points in a dataset
vary.
 A high variance indicates that the data in the dataset is
very much spread out over a large area (random dataset),
whereas a low variance indicates that the data is very
similar in nature.
PROBABILISTIC DISTRIBUTION
 Probability distribution is the distribution of P values as
a function of all possible independent values, variables,
situations, distances or variables.
 The standard normal distribution formula is:
Normal distribution
 It relates to Gaussian function. Figure shows distribution
around , standard deviation and variance
 The figure also shows the percentages of areas in five
regions with respect to the total area under the curve for
P(x).
 The variance for probability distribution represents how
individual data points relate to each other within a
dataset.
 The variance is the average of the squared differences
between each data value and the mean.
CORRELATION
 Correlation means analysis which lets us find the
association or the absence of the relationship between
two variables, x and y.
 Correlation gives the strength of the relationship
between the model and the dependent variable on a
convenient 0-100% scale.
 Correlation is a statistical technique that measures and
describes the 'strength' and 'direction’ of the relationship
between two variables.
CORRELATION
 The correlation r between the two variables x and y is:

 where n is the number of observations in the sample, xi


is the x value for observation i, x dash is the sample
mean of x, yi is the y value for observation i, y dash is
the sample mean of y, sx is the sample standard deviation
of x, and sy is the sample standard deviation of y.
THANK YOU

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