2
Unit#1
Elementary Education
COURSE CODE:8623
PRESENTED BY: ZULFIQAR
ALI
Elementary Education
Elementary education plays an important role in the
development of any country. It is a stage where we
prepare students to meet the future needs.
Definition, Concept and Scope of Elementary
Education in Pakistan
Elementary education, in Pakistan is considered from pre-school level to grade 8th .
It provides baseline for the further Education.
Initiate progress in new and existing programme for the promotion of Elementary education.
In this stage, students get last chance to become master in basic skills, and develop their
attitude towards learning according to their individualistic differences.
Pakistan Elementary Teachers Association work for the balance curriculum of Elementary
education.
Areas of curriculum concerned with basic skills includes logical, sequential and analytical
must be taught by interactive pedagogies.
Cont…
Elementary level education and knowledge must mirror the immediate culture,
ethnicity, ideology and local socio-economic groups.
It help student to realize their concepts, responsibilities, identities, abstractions and
attitude towards society.
Teacher role must be personal guide, a facilitator of learning, a coordinator, and
promote collaborative work among learners keep in the view of their individual
differences.
Mastery over the tools of learning, Harmonious (Pleasant ) development, Good
citizenship and national integration, International understanding, Scientific attitude.
The elementary education should be
projective
Three factors helps to enhance the quality Elementary Education.
The involvement of the strata students, teachers, parents, and the
community is essential. They highlights the student‘s needs (social,
financial, emotional, physical), in drafting the documents.
Need Teachers’ Commitment and interactive pedagogies.
Need of budgeting/funding and resources
Importance and practice in Comparative
Prospective
Pakistan
India
Bangladesh
Republic of Korea
Japan
Canada
Pakistan
Federal Ministry of Education and the provincial governments.
Federal government mostly assists in curriculum development, approval and in the financing of
research and development.
The education system in Pakistan is generally divided into six levels:
Preschool (for the age from 3 to 5 years);
primary (grades one through five);
middle (grades six through eight);
high (grades nine and ten, leading to the Secondary School Certificate or SSC);
intermediate (grades eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary (School)Certificate or HSC);
and university programs leading to undergraduate and graduate degrees.
Cont…
It is directed in the Constitution of Pakistan to provide free and compulsory education to all
children between the ages of 5-16 years and enhance adult literacy.
Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) and Pakistan.
Education for All (EFA) Commitment
The goal under Vision 2030 is one curriculum and one national examination system under state
responsibility.
The strategies charted out to achieve the goal included:
(i) Increasing public expenditure on education and skills generation from 2.7% of GDP to 5% by
2010 and 7% by 2015.
(ii) Enhance the scale and quality of education in general and the scale and quality of
scientific/technical education in Pakistan.
Problems
Lack of Proper Planning
Social constraints
Gender gap
Cost of education
War on Terror
Funds for Education
Poverty, law and order situation, natural disasters, budgetary constraints, lack of
access.
Inside and outside the school challenges.
India
Free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of fourteen years is the
Constitutional commitment in India.
At the time of adoption of the Constitution in 1950, the aim was to achieve the goal of
Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) within the next ten years i.e. by 1960.
A little less than 50 per cent of the total population in 1991 was illiterate but since then
the country has made considerable progress both in terms of total (7+ population) and
adult literacy (15+) rates.
however be noted that during 1991 to 1998, the increase in female literacy (11 per cent)
was higher than the increase in male literacy (9 per cent)
Elementary Education
The entire school education can be divided in to four parts, namely, primary, upper
primary, secondary and higher secondary levels.
The National Policy of Education (1968 & 1986) and its revised formulation (1992)
visualized a uniform pattern of school education (10+2 pattern, 12 years of schooling)
across the states.
During 1990-98, about 65.8 thousand schools were opened against 38.7 thousand
upper primary schools.
Andhra Pradesh (79.43 per cent), Madhya Pradesh (72.60 per cent), Rajasthan (79.00
per cent) and Uttar Pradesh (82.09 per cent) had a lower percentage of population
served by upper primary schooling facilities than at the all-India level (Mehta, 1999).
Bangladesh
The government of Bangladesh operates many schools in the primary, secondary, and higher
secondary levels.
Bangladesh conforms fully to the UN's Education For All (EFA) objective and the Millennium
Development Goals (MDG) as well as other education-related international declarations.
The three main educational systems in Bangladesh are:
1-General Education System
2-Madrasah Education System
3-Technical - Vocational Education System
Each of these three main systems is divided into three levels: 1. Primary Level (Class 1-8) 2.
Secondary Level (Class 9-12) 3. Tertiary Level
Cont…
Theoverall responsibility of management of primary education lies with the
Ministry of Primary and Mass Education (MOPME), set up as a Ministry in 1992.
While MOPME is involved in formulation of policies, the responsibility of
implementation rests with the Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) headed by
a Director General.
The Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) and its subordinate offices in the
district and zila are solely responsible for management and supervision of primary
education.
The National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) is responsible for the
development of curriculum and production of textbooks.
Republic of Korea
Education in South Korea is provided by both public schools and private
schools. Both types of schools receive funding from the government,
although the amount that the private schools receive is less than the
amount of the state schools.
South Korea is one of the top-performing Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries in reading literacy,
maths and sciences with the average student scoring 542 and has one of
the world‘s highest-educated labor forces among OECD countries.
Elementary Education
Elementary schools consist of grades one to six (age 8 to age 13 in Korean
years—6 to 12 in western years). In elementary school, students learn the
following subjects. The curriculum differs from grades 1-2 to grades 3-6
Grades 1-2: 1- Korean (listening, speaking, reading, writing) 2- Mathematics
3- Disciplined Life 4- Sensible Life 5- Enjoyable Life. 6- Physical
Education Grades 3-6:
1-Korean (listening, speaking, reading, writing) 2-English 3- Moral
Education 4-Social Studies 5- Mathematics 6-Science 7- Art 8-Music 9-
Practical Arts 10-Physical Education
Japan
Entrance into elementary school is a major step in a child's life. Preparation begins
several months in advance.
A mother attends meetings sponsored by the school that her child will attend.
Education philosophy and teaching practices
Two important assumptions underlie much of Japanese elementary and secondary
education practices. One is that virtually all children have the ability to learn well and
to master the regular school curriculum.
The second is that certain habits and characteristics, such as diligence and attention to
detail, can be taught.
Cont…
all elementary schools use educational television broadcasts by, the Japanese National
Public Broadcasting Service. Science, social studies, and ethics programs are the most
popular. Programs are broadcast weekly for each different grade level and are 15
minutes long.
A basic characteristic throughout elementary and secondary education is the
continuing emphasis on science and mathematics.
The Japanese consider these subjects the basic building blocks of technology, and
curriculum requirements ensure that all children receive extensive grounding in them.
Mathematics is one of the required subjects on university entrance examinations and,
hence, receives continuing attention through all grades.
Canada
Canada is a beautiful country occupying the northernmost region of the
North American continent.
Education in Canada usually starts with kindergarten followed by grades 1
to 12. By law, children must go to school starting at the age of 5 or 6 and
until they are between 16 and 18, depending on the province or territory.
Since Canada is a bilingual country, English-language and French-
language schools are available across the country (even in areas where
one language is more commonly spoken than the other).
Pre-Elementary Education in
Canada
Pre-elementary programs in Canada—educational programs offered to young
children (4- 5 years) prior to that student beginning elementary school at age
six—are offered by public, private, and federal schools within the country, as
well as schools for the visually and hearing impaired.
Primary (Elementary) Education in Canada
Primary education in Canada is compulsory for all children, usually beginning
at age 6 or 7 with Grade One. Students receive six years of primary education
—Grade 1 through Grade 6—typically broken down in the following manner:
Grade 1 (ages 6–7) Grade 2 (ages 7–8) Grade 3 (ages 8–9) Grade 4 (ages 9–10)
Grade 5 (ages 10–11) Grade 6 (ages 11–12)
Cont...
The curriculum at the primary stage of education encompasses a
number of subject areas, including mathematics, reading,
language arts (usually English language, but French in Quebec),
social studies, history, geography, science, music, art and
physical education.
Naturally,the difficulty of said curriculum increases somewhat
with every passing grade, as students learn to master new skills.
Role of Private and Public Sector Education in Pakistan
Over the past decade, private sector has emerged as a key provider of
education services in Pakistan both in absolute terms and relative to the
public sector.
One piece of evidence relates to the number of private schools, which
increased by 69%, as compared to mere 8% increase of government schools
between 1999-2000 and 2007-08.
In 2000, the private sector was catering to the educational needs of about 6
million children. This number increased to 12 million in 2007-08 –
equivalent to 34 percent of total enrolment.
Compulsory Elementary Education
The word elementary education refers to primary
education or universal education and this is the most basic
and foundational level in educational process which is
extremely crucial and highly sensitive.
Elementary education builds foundation for the towering
building of a man‘s personality.
