Foundations of
Psychiatric Mental
Health Nursing
Dr/ Amal Awad Moussa
Assistant Professor
Department of
Psychiatric Nursing and
Mental Health
قسم التمريض النفسي والصحة
النفسية
رؤية القسم
يمتلك قسم التمريض النفسي والصحة النفسية اإلمكانات
الت ي تؤه ل أعضائ ه م ن تحقي ق التمي ز لطالب المرحل ة
الجامعي ة والدراس ات العلي ا ،و يهدف القس م لالرتقاء
بتعلي م وممارس ة التمري ض النفس ي عل ى الص عيدين
المحلى والدولي مما يعزز الصحة النفسية ويساعد على
الوقاية من األمراض النفسية والعقلية في المجتمع .
رسالة القسم
هي العمل على توفير فرص تعليمية متنوعة في مجال
التمري ض النفس ي لطالب المرحل ة الجامعي ة والدراس ات
العلي ا ،ويهدف القس م ال ى مس اعدة الطالب عل ى
التواص ل بشك ل فعال ،والتفكي ر النقدي والتدخ ل بشك ل
مناس ب ف ي الرعاي ة النفس ية لألفراد وتثقي ف أس رهم
وذلك في األماكن المختلفة.
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
a. Knowledge and Understanding:
- Define mental health and mental illness.
- Enumerate concepts of mental health.
b. Intellectual Skills:
- Discuss factors influence person's mental health.
- Critique society perception toward mental
illness.
- Illustrate the primary goals for psychiatric
nurse.
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
c. Professional and practical Skills:
- Adopt the philosophy of psychiatric nursing in
daily practice.
d. General and Transferable Skills:
- Develop personal beliefs about psychiatric
nursing.
- Adopt measures to improve individual's mental
health.
Outlines:
Introduction.
Definition of mental health.
Concepts of mental health.
Factors influencing a person’s mental health.
Mental health-illness continuum.
Cont. Outlines
Definition of mental illness.
Society’s perception toward mental illness.
Definition of psychiatric nursing.
Philosophy of psychiatric nursing.
Measures to improve individual's mental
health
Introduction
Mental health is the right of all
people and is an essential element of
every person's overall health regardless
of race, age, gender, or socioeconomic
status.
Mental health is fundamental to:
- Daily functioning,
- Productivity, and
- General wellbeing.
Cont. Introduction
Characteristics of mentally healthy
people:
Perform meaningful tasks,
Enjoy life,
Have a sense of humor,
Feeling of happiness,
Peace of mind.
Are satisfied with their
interpersonal dealings.
They show optimism,
Benefit from rest and sleep,
Work well alone and with others.
Accept responsibility for actions,
Reach sound judgments,
Express feelings in acceptable and
contextually appropriate manner.
Definition of Mental
Health
Mental health is a state of
psychological, and social wellness
evidenced by:
Satisfying interpersonal relationships,
Effective behavior and coping,
Positive self-concept, and
Emotional stability.
Mental health is
“The successful adaptation to
stressors from the internal or
external environment, evidenced by
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that
are age-appropriate and congruent
with local and cultural norms”.
Concepts of mental
health
☻1.Positive attitude toward
individual self:
- It is the ability to know and
accept one’s talents and limitations,
- Accept one’s faults and strength;
and
- Self respect and proper self esteem.
☻2. Progress toward growth
and self actualization
. It is the ability to plan for one’s own
future,
.To use one’s capabilities and talents
at their fullest,
.To change and progress towards
maximization of capabilities .
☻3. Integrative capacity
It is the ability to
.Experience congruent emotions in
daily life,
.Tolerate stress provoking situations in
an adaptive, creative, and flexible way.
☻3. Integrative capacity
Mentally healthy people know that
any negative feelings are time
limited.
(Psychoanalysts view this concept as
the balance between the id, the ego,
and the superego).
☻4. Autonomous behavior
(Self governance):
It is the ability to be independent to
make one’s own decision without
external influence and to behave
according to one’s own value system.
☻5. Perceiving reality
accurately:
. The ability to distinguish fact from
fantasy, & act accordingly.
. He can perceive his world,
including other people, clearly and
objectively.
☻6. Mastery of environment:
It is the ability to:
.Be competent, effective and creative
in interacting with and influencing
one’s own environment.
.To solve problems and adapt to
changes.
Are there any factors
influence individual’s
mental health?
A. Personal Factors
Biological factors as:
- Neuroanatomy and physiology,
- Prenatal and neonatal events,
- Physical health status and nutrition.
Psychological Factors as:
- Autonomy, self-esteem, skills
and creativity,
- Emotional resilience and stress
management strategies.
B. Sociocultural or
environmental factors include:
Family stability and child rearing
patterns,
Economic level,
Religion,
Values and beliefs,
Access to adequate resources.
Mental health-Mental
illness continuum:
There is no definite line dividing
those who are mentally healthy from
those who are not.
There are many different degrees
of mental health; it fluctuates from
day to day, yet it tends to have
certain continuity and consistency.
Mental health-Mental illness
continuum:
Mental health Mental illness
Mental health-Mental illness continuum
Definition of Mental
Illness
It is a clinically diagnosable
disorder that significantly interfere
with an individual’s cognitive,
emotional, and/or social abilities.
Society’s perception of
mental illness:
The culture of any society
strongly influences its values and
beliefs, and this in turn affects how
that society defines health and
illness.
What one society may view as
acceptable and appropriate,
another society may view it as
maladaptive and inappropriate.
What are the society’s
perception of mental
illness?
Many people have negative views
of mentally ill patients. Consequently,
the public behavioral responses
include:
Avoidance,
Suspiciousness,
Hostility and
Fear.
Misconceptions about mentally
ill persons:
People with mental illness should be
feared.
Mental illness is a shameful disease.
Mental illness is a punishment for
doing something bad.
Cont. Misconceptions about
mentally ill persons:
Mental illness is incurable and if people
become mentally ill once they will easily
become ill again.
(once crazy, always crazy).
Mentally ill patients should not be
treated in the general hospital with other
patients.
Cont. Misconceptions about
mentally ill persons:
It will be difficult for the mentally ill
to return to the community.
Mentally ill patients cannot hold a
job.
Finally, there is no future for people
with mental illness.
Psychiatric mental
health nursing
Is a specialized area of nursing
practice that focuses on a well and
at risk populations to prevent mental
illness as well as caring and
rehabilitating of people with
identifiable mental illness.
Cont. Psychiatric mental
health nursing:
It is an interpersonal relationship
between the nurse and the client
(person, family or group) geared
toward helping client learns more
positive behavior and coping style.
Philosophy of Psychiatric
Mental Health Nursing
1. Each individual has inherent
value and is worthy of respect by his
nature and presence alone.
2. A person functions as a holistic
being who acts, interacts and reacts
as a whole one.
Cont. Philosophy of Psychiatric
Mental Health Nursing
3. Each individual has some strengths
and the potential to change and grow.
4. Each behavior has a meaning. It
arises from personal needs and goals,
and can be understood from the
person's perspectives.
Cont. Philosophy of Psychiatric
Mental Health Nursing
5. Each individual is unique including
the unique life history and personal
style of expression and fulfillment
needs, yet human beings are
sufficiently similar and have common
basic and necessary human needs.
Cont. Philosophy of Psychiatric
Mental Health Nursing
6. Behavior is a learned response
based on past experiences and
represents the best possible
adaptation the individual is capable
of making at the time.
Cont. Philosophy of Psychiatric
Mental Health Nursing
7. People have the right to
participate in decisions affecting
their health and treatment.
Cont. Philosophy of Psychiatric
Mental Health Nursing
8. Through therapeutic relationships and
communication, nurses help people
adapt, change, and grow.
9. Individual can change through
interpersonal relationship with
significant person.
Goals of psychiatric
mental health nurse
To assist persons in the
achievement of:
- A more positive self concept.
- Amore harmonious pattern of
interpersonal relationship.
-A more productive societal role.
In order to achieve these
goals, the nurse should:
Provide humanistic and
individualized care.
Use therapeutic communication to
identify needs and establish a
therapeutic relationship.
Enhance coping with stress.
Establish and maintain a
therapeutic environment. (safe,
warm, open emotional climate,
comfortable physical arrangement).
Promote reality by working on
current problems of living.
Encourage client to participate in
his /her own care to foster a sense
of progress and accomplishment.
Teach about mental health
practices:
- Effective coping skills
- Adaptive independent and
effective behavioral functioning.
- Social skills
Act as a social agent.
-Promoting client’s social,
recreational &occupational
competence.
Participate in different psychiatric
treatment modalities.
Promote continuity of care including
use of community referrals.
Provide leadership and clinical
assistance to other nursing team.
Engage in social and community
action roles related to mental health.
From your own point of view
what are the measures that can
be used to enhance individual’s
mental health ?
Set realistic goals.
Accept yourself. “Nobody is
perfect”
Treat yourself with kindness
and respect and avoid self-
criticism.
Cont. Measures to improve
individual's mental health:
Practice healthy or positive
thinking.
Seeing positive and negative aspect
of the situation equally.
Set a sleep schedule.
Cont. Measures to improve
individual's mental health:
Volunteer. People who help others
are happier than those who don't.
Cont. Measures to improve
individual's mental health:
Eat nutritious meals.
Cont. Measures to improve
individual's mental health:
Take up a hobby/Do something
creative:
Like writing, painting, cooking and
gardening can absorb your attention
so much that you forget all other
negative thoughts.
Cont. Measures to improve
individual's mental health:
Exercise: Endorphins are released
during exercise and have been known to
increase feelings of happiness, and well-
being.
Cont. Measures to improve
individual's mental health:
Connect with others. Develop and
maintain strong relationships with
people.
Cont. Measures to improve
individual's mental health:
Surround yourself with beauty as
redecorate your house or garden.
Get in touch with nature.
Cont. Measures to improve
individual's mental health:
Smile and laugh. Read a funny story
or watch a comedy. It melts away
tension and can brighten the mood.
Ask yourself ????
What are personal characteristics do
you have that indicate positive
mental health?
What are your feelings and concerns
about mentally ill patients?
THANKS
