AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY OF PILE
FROM SOIL TEST LABORATORIUM
PROPERTIES
By
M. Firdaus, ST, MT
http://dauspoli.co.cc
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UNDISTURB SAMPLE REPPORT :
• INTERNAL FRICTION (φ )
• COHESION ( C )
• UNIT WEIGHT ( γ )
• POROCITY ( n )
• WATER CONTENT ( w )
• COEFF. OF COMPRESIBLE ( Cc )
AXIAL BEARING CAPACITY
For Driving Pile
Qu = Qp + Qs
Friction / adhesion
Qp = BEARING CAPACITY OF PILE
Qs = FRICTION CAPACITY OF PILE
l
v
Allouable capacity of singe pile :
v
Qu
Q all
F .S .
Pile tip bearing force
BEARING CAPACITY OF SINGLE PILE
V
Cause of force V : Qp = qp x Ap
Basic of terzaghi classic formula :
qp = 1,3 c.Nc + q.Nq + 0,4 γ.B.Nγ ( untuk □ )
qp = 1,3 c.Nc + q.Nq + 0,3 γ.B.Nγ ( untuk o )
D( length )
Bcause ratio of: Is big, so : 0,3 & 0,4 γ.B.Nγ <<
B( diameter )
so : qp = 1,3 c.Nc + q.Nq ( for □ & o )
Ap = Luas alas tiang
Qp = Ap ( 1,3 c Nc + q Nq ) q = D x γ
Qp Nc & Nq = faktor kapasitas dukung
Table of bearing axial capacity from terzaghi :
φ° Nc Nq
0 5.14 1.00
Bearing capacity of pile tip per acre : 1 5.38 1.09
2 5.63 1.20
Qp 3 5.90 1.31
P = 1,3 c.Nc + q.Nq
Ap 4 6.19 1.43
5 6.49 1.57
6 6.81 1.72
7 7.16 1.88
If soil in the saturated for clay, they are : 8 7.53 2.06
9 7.92 2.25
φ ≈ 0, bearing capacity factor: 10 8.35 2.47
11 8.80 2.71
Nc = 5,14 12 9.28 2.97
Nq = 1 13 9.81 3.26
14 10.37 3.59
Develop to : P = γ. D + ( 1,3 . 1,5 ).c 15 10.98 3.94
16 11.63 4.34
P = γ.D + 6.c 17 12.34 4.77
18 13.10 5.26
Pile tip bearing capacity : 19 13.93 5.80
20 14.83 6.40
Qp = Ap. ( γ.D + 6.c ) 21
22
15.82
16.88
7.07
7.82
23 18.05 8.66
FRICTION CAPACITY OF PILE
FRICTION CAPACITY
o Resistance due to friction between grains of soil around the wall / pile blanket.
o Due to pile driven on graded soil (sandy soils)
COHESION CAPACITY
o Resistance due to bond between grains of soil around the wall / blanket pile.
o Due to pile driven in a fine-grained soil or the type of cohesive soil (clay)
Friction of Pile Capacity
V Friction Coefficient (Kpγ) occurred between soil
particles with the material of pile/ pile
cohesion in accordance with the size of the
angle of friction between pile and soil grains
z around pile (δ)
Friction force ( f ) on pile blanket :
z.γ.kPγ
f = Kpγ.γ.z.sinδ 1
δ
f
D Force counter along the pile blanket :
Qs = ½ f.D.k Qs = (Kpγ.sinδ).γ.(D2).k/2 2
Where : k = arround of pile
D = depth of driving
γ = unit weight
Qs
If : fm From formula 2 = (Kpγ.sinδ).γ.(D)/2
k.D
= α.γ.D/2
Shows α from TABEL below:
Internal Friction slope α α
φ (…°) (δ = -φ) (δ = -
2/3φ)
10 0.285 0.186
15 0.567 0.364
20 1.030 0.641
25 1.810 1.100
30 3.210 1.880
35 5.850 3.270
40 11.300 5.900
45 23.700 11.400
Cohesion Pile Bearing
The method is the same as friction pile, tangencial
compenent depend on cohesion ( c )
Kpq. ( c.cotan φ ).sin δ = β.c
cos 2. tan 4 2
β = Kpq. cotan φ .sin δ 3 where : Kpq = .e 4
1 sin
2. tan
4 2
so, (1 sin ).e
Cohesion bearing counter of pile are : f = β.c
So,
Qs = f.As
If formula 4 combine to 3 , β shows on TABLE :
Relationship betwen β and φ :
Internal β
friction Driving to the clay layers can be use
angle ( φ ) adhesion ratio (ad), see the figure
10 1.60 below:
15 2.06
20 2.70
25 3.62
30 5.01
35 7.27
40 10.36
45 17.79
Example problem
concrete pile penetrate 15 m for diameters 0,45 m will
be to drive on clay soil, per layer data shows :
0 – 5m ; γ1’ = 10 KN/m3, cu1 = 30 kPa, φu1 = 0°
5 – 25m ; γ2’ = 13 KN/m3, cu2 = 40 kPa, φu2 = 0°
Calculate ultimate of pile bearing & allowable bearing
of single pile depending on engineering judgment?
Conclution
1) End bearing pile capacity calculation
Qb Ab .cu 2 .N c
Ab 1 d 2 1 . .0,452 0,16 m 2
4 4
For clays, index of bearing factor used Df / B maks = 5,
for driving pile ratio > 5 used Nc = 9
so :
Qb 0,16.40.9 57,6 kN
2. Friction pile /adhesion pile capacity calculation
keliling tiang = π.d = π.0,45 = 1,41 m
From the figure result of mclelland chosed
tomlinson curve, they are :
for cu = 30 kPa, result; ad = cd/cu = 0,92
for cu = 40 kPa, result; ad = cd/cu = 0,80
depth 0 – 5m : Qs1 0,92.30.1,41.5 195 kN
Qs:1 0,80.40.1,41.10 451,2 kN
5 – 15m
Qs Qs1 Qs 2 646,2 kN
Allowable single pile
• Ultimate pile bearing capacity:
Qu = 57,6 + 646,2 = 703,8 kN
• Allowable single pile capacity :
– Generally, Qa = 703,8 / 3 = 234,6 kN
57,6 646,2
– End bearing pile condition, Qa 3 2 342,3 kN
57,6 646,2
Q
– Friction / cohesion pile condition, a 244,2 kN
2 3
