EXTRACT
NICOTINE
SULPHATE FROM
ABSTRACT
AIM IS TO EXTRACT NICOTINE SULPHATE FROM
SAMPLES OF CIGARETTES
TOBACCO
Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus
Nicotiana.
It is most commonly used as a drug, and is a valuable cash crop for countries such
as Cuba , India, China, and the United States.
Tobacco is a name for any plant of the genus Nicotiana of the Solanaceae family
(nightshade family) and for the product manufactured from the leaf and used in
cigars and cigarettes, snuff, and pipe and chewing tobacco.
Tobacco plants are also used in plant bioengineering, and some of the 60 species are
grown as ornamentals.
The chief commercial species, N. tabacum, is believed native to tropical America,
like most nicotiana plants, but has been so long cultivated that it is no longer known
in the wild. N.Rrustica , a mild-flavored, fast-burning species, was the tobacco
originally raised in Virginia, but it is now grown chiefly in Turkey, India, and
Russia.
WHAT IS IN TOBACCO
NICOTINE
Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants (Solanaceae) that
acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist.
The biosynthesis takes place in the roots and accumulation occurs in the leaves of
the Solanaceae. It constitutes approximately 0.6–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco
and is present in the range of 2–7 μg /kg of various edible plants.
It functions as an antiherbivore chemical; therefore, nicotine was widely used as an
insecticide in the past and nicotine analogs such as imidacloprid are currently
widely used.
In low doses (an average cigarette yields about 1 mg of absorbed nicotine), the
substance acts as a stimulant in mammals, while high amounts (30–60 mg) can be
fata
This stimulant effect is the main factor responsible for the dependence-forming
properties of tobacco smoking.
SAMPLE
REQUIREMENTS
1.250 ml Beaker
2.Filter Paper
3.Separating funnel
4.China Dish
5.Physical Balance
6.Glass Rod
CHEMICALS:
1.Kerosene as solvent
2. Concentrated Sulphuric Acid
3.Cigarettes
PROCEDURE
Collect different samples of cigarettes.
Remove the covers and collect the contents of the cigarettes on separate pieces of papers.
Weigh 1 gram of each sample using a physical balance and label them. Place them in a dry
place.
Dissolve each sample in Calcium Hydroxide solution taken in 100ml beakers. Stir them with
the help of a glass rod.
Filter the different solutions after the Nicotine has fully dissolved. Collect them separately in
separating funnels.
Add two test tubes of Kerosene Oil to each separating funner . Before pouring, ensure that the
valve is closed.
After Pouring shake the mixture vigorously in order to mix the two liquids and leave it for two
days without disturbing. Two layers – one heavy layer in the bottom and the second lighter
layer in the top separates out.
Open the valve of the funnel and let the heavy layer out through the open valve. The lighter
layer remains in the separating funnel.
Add half a test tube of concentrated Sulphuric Acid to each separating funnel. Again shake it
vigorously in order to mix them and leave it for sometime.
SAMPLE
Two layers are formed – one heavy (dark drown) layer at the bottom and another lighter (almost
transparent) layer on the top.
Open the valve of the separating funnel and collect the heavier layer in a test tube.
Now transfer the contents into a china dish. Repeat the same procedure for the different samples and
label them after the name of the cigarettes from which they have been obtained.
Heat the crystals in liquid form and ultimately subject them to cold water and leave them for a day or
two.
Weigh the crystals hence obtained with the help of a physical balance.
RESULT
The analysis showed relatively higher levels of nicotine in tobacco from
beedis (0.17g) as compared to cigarettes (0.05g in Sample B and 0.06g in
Sample A)
S.NO CIGARETTE SAMPLE QUANTITY OF
NICOTINE SAMPLE
1. COUNTRY CIGARETTE
0.17 gram
2. SAMPLE A
0.06 gram
3. SAMPLE B
0.05 gram
CONCLUSION
This study concludes that the nicotine content in tobacco
contained in country cigarettes (beedi) is higher compared to
the content in company manufactured branded cigarettes.
Bibliography :
www.en.wikipedia.com;
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/287555-overview;
www.righthealth.com;
www.netdoctor.co.uk;
www.nicorette.com;
“World Health Survey” by the World Health Organisation (WHO);
“Practical Chemistry for Class XII” by Ratna Sagar Publications;
“Science Reporter” July, 2010 edition;
