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Lecture 1 Block Diagram of Computer

A computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it, produces results, displays output, and stores information for future use. It has several core components: the central processing unit (CPU) which contains the arithmetic logical unit (ALU) for processing and the control unit (CU) for controlling data flow; storage units for holding input data, processed data, and programs; and input and output units for receiving and displaying data. The CPU processes data by performing arithmetic and logical operations in the ALU according to instructions from programs stored in memory. The control unit manages data transfer between components. The storage unit contains both primary memory like RAM for active data and secondary memory like hard disks for permanent

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303 views

Lecture 1 Block Diagram of Computer

A computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it, produces results, displays output, and stores information for future use. It has several core components: the central processing unit (CPU) which contains the arithmetic logical unit (ALU) for processing and the control unit (CU) for controlling data flow; storage units for holding input data, processed data, and programs; and input and output units for receiving and displaying data. The CPU processes data by performing arithmetic and logical operations in the ALU according to instructions from programs stored in memory. The control unit manages data transfer between components. The storage unit contains both primary memory like RAM for active data and secondary memory like hard disks for permanent

Uploaded by

Gaurav Bisht
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-1

Computer And Computer System

BY:
Kajal Aggarwal
Assistant Professor
What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device that accepts data from the user, processes it,
produces results, displays them to the users, and stores the results for future usage.

Data is a collection of unorganized facts & figures and does not provide any further
information regarding patterns, context, etc. Hence data means "unstructured facts
and figures".
Information is a structured data i.e. organized meaningful and processed data. To
process the data and convert into information, a computer is used.

OR

A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions


stored in its own
memory, that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules
(process), produce
results (output), and store the results (storage) for future use. Generally, the term is
used to describe a
collection of electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware.
Functions of Computers

A computer performs the following functions −

1) Receiving Input
Data is fed into computer through various input devices like keyboard, mouse,
digital pens, etc. Input can also be fed through devices like CD-ROM, pen drive,
scanner, etc.

2) Processing the information


Operations on the input data are carried out based on the instructions provided in
the programs.

3) Storing the information


After processing, the information gets stored in the primary or secondary storage
area.

4) Producing output
The processed information and other details are communicated to the outside
world through output devices like monitor, printer, etc.
Block Diagram of a Computer and Its Component

The diagram that illustrates the primary components of the computer system is
known as the block diagram of the computer. The basic definition of the
computer system is that it takes some data then it processes it and then it
produces the final outcome and this is what the block diagram shows.
The main components of the computer system are the Central Processing Unit
(CPU). The Central Processing Unit consists of two more parts the Arithmetic and
Logical Unit(ALU), and the Control Unit(CU). For processing the data to give
output, the computer needs some space to keep the data there and from here the
Storage Unit takes the lead. The components are briefly described below.

1) The Input Unit


The input unit is the platform from where the raw data is passed into the computer
system. The input can be in any form. For example, the mouse-clicked input,
button-input, keyboard-input, etc. All the input data is passed from the input unit to
the computer’s storage unit.

2) Central Processing Unit (CPU)


The CPU is the primary component that processes the input passed into the computer. It is
also called the heart or brain of the computer without the CPU you just have the useless
desktop. The CPU has two components Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) and Control Unit
(CU).
3) Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)
We all know that computer understands the language of the binary numbers that is 0 and the 1. The
Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) is the digital circuit that takes these 0s and 1s and performs the
necessary arithmetic operations on it and releases the results as the output asynchronously.

3) ALU (Arithmetic) Logical Unit

• It is one of the main component of the CPU.


• This is the unit where all the arithmetic operations and logical operations are done.
• Data received from an input device is stored in the primary memory before being pass to the ALU
for processing.

4) Control Unit
The Control Unit (CU) is like the traffic guy. It controls the instructions flowing in and out of the CPU.
The CU is smart enough to sense that when the CPU’s central processor needs data and when not. If
the data is required then it retrieves it from the Storage Unit and transfers it into the CPU. The CU
converts the data into signals and passes it into the central processor.

5) Storage Unit - Primary and the Secondary Unit


The raw data from the Input unit is saved in the Storage Unit. It is the place where the data that is to
be processed and processed data is stored. The Storage Unit is further classified into two parts.
•Primary Storage
•Secondary Storage
i) Primary Storage
This storage is also known as the main memory of the computer system. This part of
the storage unit holds the data, programs, and instructions that are currently in use.
This storage part resides in the motherboard. Primary storage contains the ROM and
RAM of the computer system.

ii) Secondary Storage

It is a non-volatile and permanent data storage device. It is


the place where the data is stored for a short or a long
time. The secondary storage supports the primary
storage. This device is also known as the hard drive of the
computer. It is primarily used as a backup device.
6) Output Unit

The output unit is the place through which the computer system outputs the data. The
output unit is always hardware. The computer screen, speakers, printer, etc. are the output
devices because from these devices users get their processed data.
THANK YOU!!!

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