DESIGN OF AN INTELLIGENT BATTERY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS)
By
Aneeshan Sain
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CONTENT
Why BMS
Applications
Overall Topology
Model Description
Solar PV Array model
DC-DC Buck Boost Converter model
Battery RC model
Controller Algorithm Block
Results
Future Work-plan
References
NEED OF BATTERY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
Heart of all types of energy storage technology.
Ensures optimum usage of the energy inside the battery
powering the portable/stationary system.
Risk of damage inflicted upon the battery is minimized.
Enhances system run-time reliability.
Increase overall system efficiency.
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APPLICATIONS
Grid connected & off-grid
Utilitygrid
Off grid power storage and power transfer as required.
Storage in electric automobiles
Applications in astronomy:
Power supply and transfer in space stations and satellites.
Power to run remotely controlled automobiles and rover on other
planets surfaces.
Intermittent & renewable energy applications as backup
[solar, wind, etc.]
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BMS FOR SOLAR PV SYSTEM
BMS for solar PV systems are designed to enhance the battery storage life
time and to ensure power system reliability.
BMS is being extensively used in Grid connected and off-grid solar PV
applications (Stand-alone solar Pump, Electric vehicle, rural electrification
etc.)
MAJOR SUBSYSTEMS
Solar PV array
Electrical Interface (PCU)
DC-DC buck-boost converter topology
Battery
Controller Algorithm Block
MODEL DESIGNED IN MATLAB
SOLAR PV ARRAY
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MATLAB MODEL OF SOLAR PV ARRAY
DC-DC BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER
MODEL
BATTERY
• Energy storing device.
• Redox reaction between electrodes and electrolyte.
• Two types mainly: Primary and secondary
Types of conventional batteries:
• Nickel Cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery.
• Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) battery.
• Lead Acid battery.
• Lithium Ion battery.
• Lithium Polymer battery.
• NaS battery
• New Generation large scale stationary batteries: 11
• Redox Flow Batteries
Detailed Comparative
study of different
parameters of popular
batteries in use.
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LITHIUM ION BATTERY
Lightest metal.
Provides very high energy density in terms of weight (twice that of the
standard Ni- Cd batteries).
It has a cycle life of 1200 – 2000 which is reasonably good for automotive
applications.
Self-discharge is less than half compared to nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd),
making lithium-ion well suited for modern fuel gauge applications.
Does not need prolonged priming when it’s new.
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ELECTRICAL EQUIVALENT MODEL OF BATTERY
Equivalent circuit model of a battery
Thevenin battery model MATLAB model designed
E0 – Open-circuit Battery Voltage
R – Solution Resistance
C0 – Electrode Capacitance
R0 – Electrode Resistance
CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS OF
BATTERY
2 stage conventional CC-CV charging characteristics
CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS OF
BATTERY
3 stage CC-CV charging characteristics
3 STAGE CHARGE CONTROL
ALGORITHM
Initialize battery
OCV , SOC
NO If YES
VOCV > VTrickle
ICh = ITrickle If NO
YES
VOCV > VBulk
(C.C. Mode)
ICh = IBulk
YES If NO
ICh > IFloat (C.C. Mode)
VCh = VOCV ICh = 0
(C.V. Mode)
LOGIC MODEL
STATE OF CHARGE ESTIMATION CURVE
RESULTS – 2 STAGE CHARGING
RESULTS – 3 STAGE CHARGING
FUTURE WORK-PLAN
The performance of the proposed charge controller shall be
improved by proper choice of L-C filter.
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) will be introduced in the PCU
model to improve the overall system efficiency.
The effect of temperature rise inside the battery stack shall be taken
care of in the proposed model later on.
REFERENCES
D. Sutanto, H.L. Chan, “ A New Battery Model for use with Battery
Energy Storage Systems and Electric Vehicles Power Systems”,
Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, January 2000.
John Chiasson, Baskar Variamohan, “Estimating the State of
Charge of a Battery”, Transactions on Control Systems Technology,
Vol. 13, NO. 3, May 2005.
Jun Xu and Binggang Cao, “Battery Management System for Electric
Drive Vehicles – Modeling, State Estimation and Balancing”.
Barrie Lawson, “State of Charge (SOC) Determination”, Woodbank
Communications .
Dirk Uwe Sauer, Heinz Wenzl, “Comparison of different approaches
for lifetime prediction of electrochemical systems-Using lead-acid
batteries as example”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 176, NO. 2.
* THANK YOU *
