Block 3: Energy Efficiency Measures and Technologies
3.2 RES in buildings
Feedschools, by GEA
This block is part of a training package developed to provide local authorities with
free tuition that may inspire and help them in adopting new technical and
financial solutions to implement ‘nearly Zero Energy Building’ (NZEB) renovation
activities in schools.
This block will introduce to the possibilities of renewable energy in your buildings.
The focus is on thermal solar energy, PV-panels, biomass and heat pumps.
Basic level: Technical knowledge is not needed, the training gives a first overview
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Learning Objective:
In this block attendees will be provided with a short overview of typical
renewable energy sources in buildings (especially in schools). You get
recommendations, first hints for planning, advantages and disadvantages and
possible problems.
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3.2 Units: 3.2.1 Thermal 3.2.2 PV-panels 3.2.3 Biomass
solar energy
3.2.4 3.2.5
Environmental Information
energy (with
heat pumps
pumps)
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3.2.1 Thermal 3.2.1 objective
solar energy After being introduced you get an introduction to thermal solar
energy. You get recommendations for the right dimensioning.
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To implement renewables in
buildings is state of the art and a
very important factor for reducing
CO2 emissions.
Renewables have grown rapidly in
recent years, driven by cost
reductions for solar photovoltaics
and policy. Photo: Gerd Altmann at PIXABAY
The use cases of renewables in
buildings are very diverse:
Solar power for heat and electricity,
geothermal power, biomass and
biogas, maybe in future hydrogen...
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Thermal solar power can be
integrated well into existing
buildings and heating systems.
It is mainly for hot water use but
also for heating and can be well
combined with heat pumps.
In schools, the problem is very Photo: PublicDomainPictures at PIXABAY
often that there is no use for the
heat in summer and therefore poor
economics, but fits perfect to
(outdoor) pools and buildings with
high hot water demand.
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Recommendations for the right dimensioning you can find on the
following table:
only hot water usage
recommended collector m²
storage volume [m³] per m² typical specific solar gain [kWh] per year
per liter hot water demand
collector and m² collector
and day
0,05 - 0,07 0,05 - 0,06 300 - 350
hot water and heating usage (50% solar share)
recommended collector m² storage volume [m³] per m² typical specific solar gain [kWh] per year
per 1 MWh heat consumption collector and m² collector
1,5 - 1,75 0,066 - 0,075 280 - 320
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3.2.2 PV panels 3.2.2 objective
You get basic information about the right planning, optimization of
the own usage, planning instruments and typical solar gain.
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PV-panels are state-of-the-art!
The prices for PV-systems are
still falling (-25% since 2016),
but also the feed-in tariffs are
falling.
Therefore the economic focus
normally lies on a high own usage
of the produced electricity.
Analyse your electricity con-
sumption in detail to get the
most economic dimension of
your PV-system Photo: Solarimo at PIXABAY
Battery storage systems raise the share of own use
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Typical gain per year ca. 1000 kWh per
kWp (south oriented, 700 - 800 on
south oriented facades
don't forget lightning protection and
other security equipment
mind shading – make detailed
Photo: 272447 at PIXABAY
simulation
is a solar roof register or similar
planning instruments available in your
city?
You need ≈ 6-8 m² panels per 1 kWp,
the efficiency varies between 12 – 20%
Photo: solar roof register City of Graz
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3.2.3 Biomass 3.2 .3 objective
You get basic information about biomass, efficiency and emissions.
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Biomass in solid, liquid or gaseous form
(wood and wood-pellets, biogas, etc.) is a
usually locally sufficient available energy
source and CO2-neutral (fast
regenerating).
Its used for heating, electricity and also
cooling in absorption processes.
Main focus in buildings is heating.
Modern biomass boilers have an efficiency Photo: Mrdidg at PIXABAY
of up to 106 % (condensing) and very low
emissions
Nevertheless there are restrictions in
some areas and cities (like Graz) because
of emissions (particulate matter)
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3.2.4 3.2.4 objective
Environmental You get basic information about typical sources for heat pumps,
advantages and disadvantages of different heat pumps/situations.
energy (with
heat pumps)
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Environmental energy can be used
very well in combination with heat
pumps (for heating and cooling).
You have several typical sources:
o ground heat (deep drill and flat
collector)
o ground water (approval necessary!)
o air (often noise problems)
o solar heat (optimizes the solar gain of solar thermal collectors
and PV-panels as electrical source – different types)
It is highly recommended to have a low temperature heat
distribution system and a efficient storage system!
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ADVANTAGES – DISADVANTAGES of different heat pumps/situations:
Ground source (deep drill) Ground water
+ works in a lot of areas + very efficient
Optimise the system
+ efficient heating and cooling + heating & cooling for your location!
+ very efficient + very reliabel
- permissions + 5 - 500 kW possible
- higher investments - permissions
- take care of the water
content and quality
Air heat pump Solar heat pump
+ almost everywhere possible + almost everywhere possible
+ lower investments + very efficient
- high effort for defrosting + 100% renewable possible
- higher running costs - higher investments
(multiple systems)
- noise - control system cruzial point
- very low efficiency for higher - not many manufacturers
temperatures (hot water) with proofed systems
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3.2.5 useful 3.2.5 objective
information You get some useful information (online links) on EU-level and a
contact point to the creator of this module.
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Renewable Energy Directive:
https://
ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/renewable-energy/renewable-energy-
directive_en
National renewable energy action plans 2020:
https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/renewable-energy/national-re
newable-energy-action-plans-2020_en
Renewable Energy Statistics:
https://
ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Renewable_
energy_statistics
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Gerhard Bucar
Graz Energy Agency
www.grazer-ea.at/
[email protected]
+43 316 811848-13
facebook.com/grazerea
linkedin.com/in/gerhard-bucar-249688123/
twitter.com/GEnergieAgentur
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SELF ASSESSMENT TEST (1)
How much solar gain do get out of 1 m² thermal collector and year?
30 kWh/year
280 – 350 kWh/year
1000 kWh/year
What are in general the problems with solar thermal energy in
schools?
The temperature is not sufficient for a hygienic hot water supply
No or too less hot water and heat demand in summer
It can not be integrated into the heating system
How much solar gain do you get out of 6-8 m² PV-panel on the roof
(south oriented)?
300 kWh/year 500 kWh/year 1000 kWh/year
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SELF ASSESSMENT TEST (2)
In which forms biomass is in general local accessible (multiple
choices possible)?
solid (like wood)
liquid (like biofuel)
gaseous (like biogas)
radiation (like solar heat)
What are the advantages of solar heat pumps?
A lot of proofed manufacturers are on the market
Almost everywhere possible
Easy to control
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SELF ASSESSMENT TEST (ANSWERS)
How much solar gain do get out of 1 m² thermal collector and year?
280 – 350 kWh/year
What are in general the problems with solar thermal energy in
schools?
No or too less hot water and heat demand in summer
How much solar gain do you get out of 6-8 m² PV-panel on the roof
(south oriented)?
1000 kWh/year
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SELF ASSESSMENT TEST (ANSWERS)
In which forms biomass is in general local accessible (multiple
choices possible)?
solid (like wood)
liquid (like biofuel)
gaseous (like biogas)
What are the advantages of solar heat pumps?
Almost everywhere possible
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