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Autism Spectrum Disorder With Videos 2022 - FAY

Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability that causes social, communication, and behavioral challenges. There are 5 classifications of ASD: autistic disorder, Asperger's syndrome, Rett's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder. ASD prevalence is about 1 in 54 children and it is 4 times more common in boys than girls. The cause is unknown but risk factors include genetics, gender, medications during pregnancy, parental age, assisted reproduction, and environmental toxins. Diagnosis is based on criteria from the DSM-5 and may include screening tests. Treatment focuses on early intervention, support for parents, and complementary therapies while medications are used to treat associated behaviors.

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Nikky Silvestre
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114 views26 pages

Autism Spectrum Disorder With Videos 2022 - FAY

Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability that causes social, communication, and behavioral challenges. There are 5 classifications of ASD: autistic disorder, Asperger's syndrome, Rett's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder. ASD prevalence is about 1 in 54 children and it is 4 times more common in boys than girls. The cause is unknown but risk factors include genetics, gender, medications during pregnancy, parental age, assisted reproduction, and environmental toxins. Diagnosis is based on criteria from the DSM-5 and may include screening tests. Treatment focuses on early intervention, support for parents, and complementary therapies while medications are used to treat associated behaviors.

Uploaded by

Nikky Silvestre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a

developmental disability that can cause


significant social, communication and behavioral
challenges.
Classifications:
1. Autistic disorder
2. Asperger’s Syndrome
3. Rett’s Disorder
4. Childhood disintegrative
disorder
5. Pervasive developmental
disorder not otherwise Repetitively stacking or lining up
objects may indicate autism.
specified
Prevalence
•1 in 54 children has been
identified with autism
spectrum disorder (ASD) ASD is
reported to occur in all racial,
ethnic, and socioeconomic
groups.
•4 times more common among
boys than among girls
Prevalence
• Studies in Asia, Europe, and
North America- an average
prevalence of between 1%
and 2%
•1 in 6 (17%) children aged 3–
17 years were diagnosed with
a developmental disability
Etiology (unknown)
Risk Factors
•Genetics - family hx
•Gender – boys 4 times more likely than
girls
•Medications – taken during pregnancy:
valproic acid & thalidomide
Risk Factors
•advanced parental age
• assisted reproductive
technologies
• nutritional factors
• maternal infections and diseases
• environmental chemicals
and toxicants
Source: J Clin Med, 2019
Clinical Manifestations:
They involve impairments in:
Social interactions
Communication
Adapting to a new situation
Attention span & organizing responses to situations
CLASSIFICATIONS OF ASD
1. Autistic Disorder
• sometimes called “classic” autism
• significant language delays,
social and communication
challenges, and unusual
behaviors and interests
• Many people with autistic
disorder also have intellectual
disability.
2. Asperger’s Syndrome
– significant difficulties in social interaction, along with
restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and
interests
– differs from other ASD by its relative preservation of
linguistic and cognitive development
3. Rett’s Disorder
– deceleration of the rate of head growth and small
hands and feet
– with repetitive hand movements such as mouthing
or wringing
4. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
- also known as “Heller’s Syndrome” and “Disintegrative
Psychosis”
- a rare condition characterized by late onset (>3 years of
age) of developmental delays in language, social
function, and motor skills
5. Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not
Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)
• a diagnosis for people who are well-described
by the “PDD" label, but cannot be categorized
by any other disorder
• usually milder than autism but more severe
than Asperger’s syndrome
• some symptoms of autism are present, others
absent
• sometimes called "atypical autism" by autism
specialists
• boundaries between PDD-NOS and non-
autistic conditions are not fully resolved
Diagnosis

• Based on the presence of specific criteria, as


described in the American Psychiatric
Association’s Diagnostic & Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-V)
Diagnostic Tests

• Lead screening
• DNA analysis
• Electroencephalogram
Collaborative Care
• Early intervention is aimed towards
maximizing the child’s potential & establishing
helpful support for parents.
• Use of complementary therapies such as
vitamin supplements & dimethylglycine.
• Medications are not effective in treatment of
autism but used to treat behavioral disorders.
NURSING
MANAGEMENT
Nursing Assessment & Diagnosis
• Hearing impairment, speech difficulty, or
developmental delay
• Abnormal interaction
• Evaluate the child for history of developmental
milestones
• Observe the child in play situations
• Perform hearing & vision screening if possible to
rule out sensory problems
Nursing Diagnoses:
• Impaired Verbal Communication related to altered
perceptions
• Impaired social interaction related to developmental
disability
• Disturbed thought process related to mental disorder
• Risk for injury related to cognitive impairment
• Risk for caregiver role strain related to chronicity &
demands of child’s condition
• Disabled family coping: compromised related to having
a child with prolonged disability
Planning & Implementation
• Stabilize environmental stimuli
• Provide supportive care
• Enhance communication
• Maintain a safe environment
• Provide Anticipatory guidance
Loving means not seeing the imperfections &
accepting the person for who he or she is. We are all
God’s creation & therefore we PERFECT in His eyes.

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