OCCLUSION IN COMPLETE DENTURE
INTRODUCTION
• OCCLUDE means to close
• “The static relationship between the incising
or masticating surfaces of the maxillary or
mandibular teeth or tooth analogues
• occlusion is an important factor which
governs the retention and stability of
complete denture
TERMINOLOGIES
• CENTRIC OCCLUSION: The occlusion of opposing teeth
when the mandible is in centric relation. This may or may
not coincide with the maximal intercuspal position- GPT 8
• ECCENTRIC OCCLUSION:- an occlusion other than
centric occlusion –GPT 8
• MAXIMUM INTERCUSPATION:- complete Intercuspation
of opposing teeth independent of condylar positions -
GPT- 8
• EXCURSIVE MOVEMENT:- movement occuring when
mandible moves away from maximum intercuspation. –
GPT 8
• BALANCING SIDE OR NON WORKING SIDE:- the side
of mandible
Ideal requirements of complete denture
occlusion
1.Stability of the denture & its occlusion when the mandible is in
both centric & eccentric relations.
2. Balanced occlusal contacts.
3. Unlocking the cusps mesiodistaly so that the denture can settle
down when there is ridge resorption.
4. Functional lever balance should be obtained by vertical tooth to
ridge crest relationship.
5. Cutting, penetrating and shearing efficiency of occlusal surface.
6. Minimal area of contact.
7. Incisal clearance during posterior functions.
8. Sharp ridges, cusps & sluiceways to increase masticatory
efficiency.
OCCLUSAL SCHEME
• Occlusal scheme is defined as the form and the arrangement of
the occlusal contacts in natural and artificial dentition."
• The pattern of occlusal contacts between opposing teeth during
centric relation and functional movement of the mandible will be
determined by the occlusal schemes.
• That is why the occlusal scheme is an important factor in the
design of complete denture prosthesis.
OCCLUSAL SCHEMES HAVE BEEN
CLASSIFIED INTO:
• BALANCED OCCLUSION
• NEUTROCENTRIC OCCLUSION
• LINGUALIZED OCCLUSION
• NON ANATOMIC OCCLUSION (MONOPLANE
• OCCLUSION WITH BALANCE)
• LINEAR OCCLUSION
BALANCED OCCLUSION
• "The bilateral, simultaneous, anterior and posterior
occlusal
• contact of tooth in centric and eccentric positions."
• It is not seen in natural dentition.
Characteristic requirements of balanced
occlusion:
• All the tooth of the working side (central incisor to second molar)
should glide evenly against the opposing tooth. any interference
or no single tooth should produce disocclusion of the other tooth.
• There should be contacts in the balancing side, but they should
not interfere with the smooth gliding movements of the working
side.
• There should be simultaneous contact during protrusion
IMPORTANCE OF BALANCED
OCCLUSION:
• Balanced occlusion is one of the most important factors
that affect denture stability, absence of occlusal balance
will result in leverage of the denture during mandibular
movement.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR
BALANCED OCCLUSION
• The wider and larger the ridge & the teeth closer to the ridge, the
greater the lever balance. Wider the ridge & narrower the teeth
buccolingually, greater the balance.
• The more lingual the teeth are placed in relation to the ridge crest,
the greater the balance. The more centered the force of occlusion
anterioposteriorly, the greater the stability of the base.
TYPES OF BALANCED OCCLUSION
• Occlusal balance or balanced occlusion can be classified as:
• UNILATERAL BALANCED OCCLUSION
• BILATERAL BALANCED OCCLUSION
• PROTRUSIVE BALANCED OCCLUSION
• LATERAL BALANCED OCCLUSION
UNILATERAL BALANCED OCCLUSION
• This is a type of occlusion seen on occlusal surfaces of
teeth on one side when they occlude simultaneously with
a smooth, uninterrupted glide. This is not followed during
complete denture construction. It is more pertained to
fixed partial dentures.
BILATERLA BALANCED OCCLUSION
• This is a type of occlusion that is seen when simultaneous contact
occurs on both sides in centric and eccentric positions. Bilateral
balanced occlusion helps to distribute the occlusal load evenly
across the arch and therefore helps to improve stability of the
denture during centric, eccentric or parafunctional movements.
For minimal occlusal balance, there should be at least three
points of contact on the occlusal plane.
PROTRUSIVE BALANCED OCCLUSION
• This type of balanced occlusion is present when mandible moves
in a forward direction and the occlusal contacts are smooth and
simultaneous anteriorly and posteriorly. There should be at least
three points of contact in the occlusal plane. Two of these should
be located posteriorly and one should be located in the anterior
region. This is absent in natural dentition.
LATERAL BALANCED OCCLUSION
• Minimal 3 point contact during lateral movement of the mandible.
• Absent in normal dentition.
• Factors:
• Angle of inclination of condylar path. Angle of incisal guidance.
• Angle of inclination of plane of occlusion
• Compensating curves.
• Buccal & lingual cusp height. The Benett side shift on the working side
FACTORS INFLUENCING BALANCED
OCCLUSION
• INCLINATION OF THE CONDYLAR PATH.
• INCISAL GUIDANCE.
• ORIENTATION OF THE PLANE OF OCCLUSION
• CUSPAL ANGULATION.
• COMPENSATING CURVE.
CONDYLAR GUIDANCE
• Recorded from the patient using protrusive registration. The
interocclusal records are transferred to the articulator and then
accommodated to glide freely into position.
• Mechanics: Increase in the condylar guidance will increase the
jaw separation during protrusion. This factor cannot be modified.
So in patients with steep condylar guidance incisal guidance is
decreased to prevent the posterior jaw separation
INCISAL GUIDANCE
• Defined as "influence of contacting surfaces of maxillary and
mandibular teeth during mandibular movements"
• Component of incisal guidance:
1. Horizontal component
2. Vertical component
• During protrusive movements ; movement of mandibular tooth is
guided by the palatal surfaces of the maxillary teeth which is
called incisal guidance or protrusive path.
PLANE OF OCCLUSION OR OCCLUSAL
PLANE
• Defined as "An Imaginary surface which is related anatomically to
the cranium and which theoretically touches the incisal edges of
the incisors & the tips of the occluding surfaces of posterior teeth.
It represents the mean curvature of the surface.
• Established anteriorly by height of lower canine and posteriorly by
height of retromolar pad.
COMPENSATING CURVE
• The anterioposterior and lateral curvatures in the
alignment of the occluding surfaces and incisal edges of
artificial teeth which are used to develop balanced
occlusion"
• Determined by inclination of posterior teeth and their
vertical relationship to occlusal plane
• Two types
a) anteroposterior compensating curve
b) Lateral compensative curve
ANTERIOPOSTERIOR COMPENSATING
CURVES
CURVE OF SPEE: Anatomic curvature of the occlusal alignment of
teeth beginning at the tip of lower canine and following the buccal
cusps of the natural premolars and the molars, continuing to the
anterior border of the ramus" as described by Graf Von Spee
LATERAL COMPENSATING CURVES
a. Compensating curve for Monson curve
• "The curve of occlusion in which each cusp and incisal edge
touches to a segment of the sphere of 8" in diameter with its
center at glabella"-GPT
• runs across the palatal & buccal cusps of maxillary molars.
• b. WILSON CURVE:
• "In the mandibular arch, that curve, as viewed in the frontal plane, which is
concave above and contacts the buccal and lingual cusps of the mandibular
molars; In the maxillary arch, that curve, as viewed in the frontal plane, which
is convex below and contacts the lingual and buccal cusps of the maxillary
molars. The facial and lingual cusp tips on both sides of the dental arch form
the curve." -GPT
• This curve is followed when first premolars are arranged. The premolars are
arranged according to this curve so that they do not produce any interference
to lateral movements.
• C). PLEASURE CURVE/ REVERSE CURVE
• A helicoid curve of occlusion that, when viewed in the frontal plane, conforms
to curve that is convex from the superior view, except for the last molars
which reverse that pattern."-GPT
• Lateral view with 2nd PM & 1st molar follow the reverse curve
• Reverse curve is used in the bicuspid area for lover balance
CUSPAL ANGULATION
• Angle made by the average slope of a cusp with the
Cuspal plane measured mesiodistally or buccolingually".
• It is an important factor that modify the effect of plane of
occlusion & the compensating curves.
• Mesiodistal cusps are reduced to prevent the locking of
cusps
• In shallow bite cases- cuspal angle should be reduced to
balance the incisal guidance.
