February 6, 2023
A mathematical system is defined as a set of
axioms or postulates forming a basis from which
we can deduce rules, theorems, and properties
of the system. In Mathematics, an axiomatic
system is any set of axioms from which some or
all axioms can be used in conjunction to logically
derive theorems. A mathematical theory consists
of axiomatic system and all its derived theorems.
Mathematical system can also be called an
axiomatic system, it has four parts:
1. Undefined Terms - terms that are left
undefined in the system. Instead of providing a
definition for them, we resort to a description,
illustration, or demonstration.
a) Point - is the basic unit of geometry and represented
by a dot and named using a capital letter. It has no
dimensions (length, width, or thickness).
b) Line - is a series of points that extends without end
in two directions. It has no width or thickness,
represented buy a straight line with two arrowheads.
c) Plane – has no thickness but extends indefinite in all
directions. It is usually represented by a shape that
looks like a tabletop or wall.
2) Defined Terms - These are terms defined from the undefined
terms or defined terms.
a) Angle – a figure formed by two rays called the sides of the
angle sharing a common endpoint called vertex of an angle.
b) Supplementary Angles – refer to a pair of angles whose sum
is equal to 180°.
c) Complementary Angles – two angles are said to be
complementary angles if they add up to 90°.
d) Parallel Lines – lines in a plane which
do not meet.
e) Intersecting lines - When two or more lines cross
each other in a plane.
f) Circle – a set of points that are equidistant from a
fixed point called the center.
g) Collinear - Two or more points lying on the same line.
h) Coplanar - Two or more points/lines lying on the
same plane.
3. Postulates – Also called axiom. These are the
statements that are considered true. Furthermore,
postulates are assumptions specific to Geometry while
axioms are generally statements used throughout
Mathematics. Postulates or axioms are statements that
may be used to justify the statements in a proof.
3. Postulates – Also called axiom. These are the
statements that are considered true.
a) Postulate: Through any two points there is exactly
one line.
b) Postulate: If two lines intersect, then they intersect
at exactly one point.
c) Postulate: Every plain contains at least three
noncollinear points.
4. Theorems - are
statements proved to be
true using postulates,
definitions, other
established theorems, and
logic.
a) Vertical Angle Theorem:
Vertical angles are equal in
measure.
b) Complement Theorem: Complements of congruent
angles are congruent.
c) Triangle Angle Sum Theorem: The sum of the
measures of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°.
Name the geometric term modeled by each object.
1) a blanket
2) a beam from a laser
3) an electric wire
4) tip of a pencil
5) a knot in a rope
6) a floor
7) wall
8) curtain rods
9) the edge of the desk
10) a star from a far
Identify if the given is an undefined term,
defined term, theorem, or a postulate.
1. Point
2. Line segment is a piece or part of a line having
two endpoints.
3. Vertical angles are equal in measure.
4. Through any two points there is exactly one
line.
5. Plane
Determine if the given statement is a postulate or a
theorem.
1) A plane contains at least three noncollinear
points.
2) If two angles form a linear pair, then they are
supplementary.
3) Vertical angles are congruent.
4) If two lines intersect, then their intersection is
exactly one point.
5) Two distinct lines intersect at one point.
Supply the best word/term that will make the statement
correct.
1. ______________ are the statements that assumed to be
true.
2. ____ is a flat surface that made up of points that extends
infinitely in all directions.
3. The undefined term that best describes a handkerchief is
a ______________.
4. _______________ are the statements that can be proved
to be true.
5. Axioms are also called __________.
Directions: Use the figure at
the right to answer the
following.
1) Name at least 3 points.
2) Name the point of
intersection between line
AC and line BD .
3) Name the plane.
4) Determine two sets of
collinear points.
5) Give two intersecting lines.
Assessment:
Assessment:
Axioms for Real Numbers:
Assessment:
Prove that if 𝑎 = 𝑏, and 𝑐 = 𝑑, then 𝑎 + 𝑐 = 𝑏 + 𝑑.
Complete the table below by filling in the statements
or reasons. Answer the questions that follow.
Try These:
Prove that measure of angle AOC is congruent to angle DOB.
