REDOX
REACTIONS
CHAPTER 5
DR NURUL IZZA BINTI TAIB
UiTM CAWANGAN PERAK
KAMPUS TAPAH
LESSON OUTCOME
Define redox reaction
Determine the oxidation number of any element in a
compound
Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in a redox
reactions
Balancing redox equations in acidic and basic medium
Identify characteristics and examples of redox reactions
WHY REDOX?
Combustion And Electrochemistry
Explosions And Batteries
Oxidation: Oxidized metal
Spoiling & Aging. Surface
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WHAT IS REDOX?
• A redox reaction is one involving both reduction and
oxidation.
• Oxidation :
Loss of electron(s) or increase in oxidation number
• Reduction :
Gain of electron(s) or decrease in oxidation number
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HALF REACTIONS
• Half equations are ionic equations to describe either the gain or
the loss of electrons during a redox reactions
•Example:
Electron loss (oxidation) : Zn (s) → Zn2+ (aq) + 2e
Electron gain (reduction) : Cu2+ (aq) + 2e → Cu (s)
Full equation : Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)
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CALCULATING
OXIDATION NUMBER
OXIDATION NUMBER
• Each atom in a molecule (or ionic compound) is
assigned an oxidation number or oxidation states
• Oxidation number, signifies the number of charges
the atom would have in a molecule(ionic compound) if
electrons were transferred completely.
EXERCISE
• Find the oxidation number of C in Na2CO3
• Find the oxidation number of Mn in MnO4-
EXERCISE
Identify the oxidation numbers of all the atoms
in HCO3− ?
EXERCISE
DEFINITION OF
REDOX
REDOX
ELECTRON OXYGEN HYDROGEN
TRANSFER TRANSFER TRANSFER
ELECTRON TRANSFER
OXIDATION REDUCTION
Loss of electrons by a Gain of electrons by a
substance substance
Increase in oxidation Decrease in oxidation
number number
OXYGEN TRANSFER
• Iron (III) oxide is reduced
• Carbon monoxide is oxidized
OXIDATION REDUCTION
Gain oxygen Loss oxygen
Reducing agent Oxidizing agent
HYDROGEN TRANSFER
OXIDATION REDUCTION
Loss of hydrogen Gain of hydrogen
OXIDIZING & REDUCING AGENT
• Reducing agent
The species which is being oxidized itself (electron donor)
• Oxidizing agent
The species which is being reduced (electron acceptor)
EXERCISE
+3 -1 0 0
Reduced: OX agent
Oxidized : RED agent
EXERCISE
EXERCISE
0 +1 +3 0
Reduced: OX agent
Oxidized : RED agent
-1 +4 +2 0
Oxidized : RED agent
Reduced: OX agent
EXERCISE
+2 +5 +3 +4
Reduced: OX agent
Oxidized : RED agent
BALANCING REDOX
EQUATIONS
BALANCING REDOX EQUATIONS
• Some equations for oxidation-reduction reactions can
be easily balanced by inspection
• However, it is often easier to balance the oxidation-
reduction reactions by the half-reaction method
• This method is based on the principle that all the
electrons ‘lost’ in an oxidation half-reaction must be
‘gained’ in a reduction half-reaction
IN ACID SOLUTION
1. Divide the reaction into half-reactions: Determine the O.N.s for
the species undergoing redox
2. Balance atoms and charges in each half-reaction
3. Multiply each half-reaction by an integer
4. Add the half-reactions together, canceling substances that
appear on both sides
5. Check that atoms and charges balance:
IN ACID SOLUTION
•Example:
Step 1: Divide the reaction into half-reactions:
Determine the O.N.s for the species undergoing redox
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Step 2: Balance atoms and charges in each half-reaction:
1. Balance atoms other than O and H.
2. Balance O atoms by adding H2O molecules
3. Balance H atoms by adding H+ ions
4. Balance charge by adding electrons
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Step 3: Multiply each half-reaction by an integer.
Step 4: Add the half-reactions together, canceling
substances that appear on both sides.
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Step 5: Check that atoms and charges balance:
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EXERCISE
Give the complete balanced chemical equation for the
following redox reaction.
• S2O82–(aq) + NO(g) → SO42–(aq) + NO3–(aq) : ACIDIC
MEDIUM
• MnO4–(aq) + Br–(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + Br2(l) : ACIDIC MEDIUM
IN BASIC SOLUTION
Only one additional step is needed to balance redox reaction in
basic solution:
Step 4 Basic:
• Add one OH- ion to both sides of the equation for every H+ present
• The OH- ions on one side are combined with H+ to form H2O
• OH- ions appear on the other side of equation
• Excess H2O are canceled.
EXERCISE
Give the complete balanced chemical equation for the
following redox reaction.
• Fe(OH)2(s) + H2(g) → Fe(s) + H2O(l): BASIC MEDIUM
• CrO42–(aq) + Cl–(aq) → ClO–(aq) + Cr(OH)3: BASIC MEDIUM
