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Wheat Culm Structure and Inflorescence

The document describes the morphology of a grass plant. It has hollow stems called culms with nodes and internodes. The leaves have parallel veins and sheaths that wrap around the stem. The inflorescence is a spike of spikelets with two-rowed florets. Each floret contains lodicules, stamens, and a single ovary. The fruit is a caryopsis. Key identifying features include the inflorescence type, versatile anthers, and plumose stigmas. Related crops include rice, sugarcane, maize, barley, and millet.

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Labib Hasnain
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467 views16 pages

Wheat Culm Structure and Inflorescence

The document describes the morphology of a grass plant. It has hollow stems called culms with nodes and internodes. The leaves have parallel veins and sheaths that wrap around the stem. The inflorescence is a spike of spikelets with two-rowed florets. Each floret contains lodicules, stamens, and a single ovary. The fruit is a caryopsis. Key identifying features include the inflorescence type, versatile anthers, and plumose stigmas. Related crops include rice, sugarcane, maize, barley, and millet.

Uploaded by

Labib Hasnain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Habit : Cultivated annual herb

solid nodes
(culm

hollow internodes

Simple,The leaf blade is thin lanceolate entire


acute and hairy with parallel venation
Erect simple herbaceous usually glabrous
cylindrical with 5-7 solid nodes and hollow internodes
The internodes are shorter at base and increasing
with height of the stem.
Adventitious and fibrous.
A thin membranous,
colorless and jagged
ligule present at inner
side of the junction of
leaf blade and leaf
sheath

two clamp shaped hairy


auricles at both
ends of the junction.

isobilateral and is divided into leaf sheath


and leaf blade
The leaf sheath is thick, fleshy and amplexicaul.

sheath pulvinus.
The terminal leaf, which
encloses the inflorescence,
is flag leaf.
Inflorescence

Spike of spikelets
Spikelet
Sessile,

borne on
unbranched and
zigzagged rachis,

arranged in two
rows with a single
terminal spikelet.
Glume 1 Glume 2

It is composed of a minute rachilla, variable number of


florets (3-7) and boat shaped two empty glumes
Lower florets are fertile while
Floret upper florets are sterile.

Fertile floret consists of a


lemma, a palea and a flower.

Lemma is large, boat shaped


and awned.

Palea is small, thin and


membranous.
Flower
Minute sessile bracteate incomplete
bisexual zygomorphic

irregular and hypogynous

Lodicule

The perianth is represented by 2 broad, thick, fleshy


and transparent lodicules, lies beneath the ovary.
Androecium

Anther

Filament

Stamens-3 polyandrous (free) filament short and slender

anther large 2-lobed (dithecous) versatile


Gynoecium

Stigma

Style

Ovary

Carpel-1 (monocarpellary), ovary superior and unilocular

stigma bifurcated and feathery style reduced placentation- basal


Floral formula: Br. % O P 2 (lodicules) A 3 G 1
+
Family : Gramineae/ Poaceae
Identifying Characters:
i. Inflorescence spike of spikelets.
ii. Anther versatile and stigma plumose type.
iii. Fruit caryopsis.
iv Stem culm

Other related crops:


Rice: Oryza sativa
Sugarcane: Saccharum officinarum
Maize: Zea mays
Barley: Hordeum vulgare
Millet: Sorghum vulgare
Conclusion:

 Inflorescence = Spike of spikelets


 Spikelet = 2 empty glumes + florets
 Floret = A lemma + a palea + a flower
 Flower = 2 lodicules + Androecium +
a gynoecium

 Fruit = Caryopsis

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