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LESSON 3 - Correlation Analysis

This document discusses correlation analysis and different statistical tests used to determine the strength and direction of relationships between variables. It provides examples of calculating Pearson correlation coefficients and Spearman's Rho to analyze relationships between English and math test scores, and between student self-esteem scores and GPA. Calculating these correlation coefficients involves listing the variable scores, determining the sums of scores, ranks, and cross-products, then applying the correlation formula to interpret the results.

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Izzy Dynielle Solamillo
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101 views

LESSON 3 - Correlation Analysis

This document discusses correlation analysis and different statistical tests used to determine the strength and direction of relationships between variables. It provides examples of calculating Pearson correlation coefficients and Spearman's Rho to analyze relationships between English and math test scores, and between student self-esteem scores and GPA. Calculating these correlation coefficients involves listing the variable scores, determining the sums of scores, ranks, and cross-products, then applying the correlation formula to interpret the results.

Uploaded by

Izzy Dynielle Solamillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

Unit 7: Statistical Analysis of Quantitative Data

Lesson 3: Correlation Analysis

Practical Research 2
Senior High School Applied - Academic
How can we ensure that
the relationship between
the variables are
significant? How can we
determine the strength
and magnitude of these
relationships?

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 22
● Identify the different statistical
tests in correlating two or more
Learning variables.
Objectives ● Identify the strength and
At the end of the
direction of the relationships
lesson, you should be between variables.
able to do the
following: ● Correctly perform statistical
analysis in a given set of data.

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 33
Analyze the Questions

● Does the growth of plants vary with the


amount of sunlight in a particular area?
● Do the sales of beauty products have
anything to do with the age of customers?
● Does the degree of helping behavior vary
depending on the busyness of a location?
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 44
Correlation coefficients are
measured if we want to measure
Correlation
the degree or strength of the
Coefficients
relationship between two
variables.

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 5
Remember

The correlation coefficient is


measured on a scale of 0 (no
correlation) to +1 (perfectly
positive correlation) or -1
(perfectly negative correlation).

6
An interpretation of correlation coefficients

Interpretation Correlation Coefficient


Weak less than or equal to +/-0.2

Moderate +/-0.3-0.6

Strong greater than or equal to +/-0.7

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 77
Graphic Representation of Correlations

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 88
1. The closeness of the fit of
Pearson the points of a scatterplot
Correlation 2. The slope of the scatterplot
(positive or negative)

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 9
Formula for Pearson Correlation

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 10
10
Pearson Correlation

Ms. Dahlia wants to find out if there is a


relationship between the scores of her students
in their English and Math tests. She
administered a 10-item test to 10 students.
Their scores can range from 0 to 10, with 0
being the lowest and 10 as the highest.

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 11
11
Pearson Correlation
English score (X) Mathematics score (Y)

2 8
6 3
4 9
5 7
7 2
7 3
2 9
3 8
5 6
ENGAG EXPLOR 4 7
EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 12
12
Pearson Correlation

Step 1: List down the scores in a table.

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 13
13
Pearson Correlation
English score Mathematics
X2 Y2 XY
(X) score (Y)

2 8 4 64 16
6 3 36 9 18
4 9 16 81 36
5 7 25 49 35
7 2 49 4 14
7 3 49 9 21
2 9 4 81 18
3 8 9 64 24
5 6 25 36 30
4 7 16 49 28
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
ΣY=62EXPLAINΣX2=233
EXTEND ΣY2=446 14
ΣX=45 ΣXY=240 14
Pearson Correlation

Step 2: Substitute the values.

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 15
15
Pearson Correlation

Step 2: Substitute the values (cont.)

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 16
16
Pearson Correlation

Step 3: Interpret the results.


There is a strong inverse relationship
between the english and math test scores
of the students.

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 17
17
Why is it important to know if the
relationship between two
variables is significant?

18
● Used if the variables are
nonparametric
Spearman’s ● Obtained when calculating the
Rho Pearson correlation coefficient
using the ranks of the score
values of the data set

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 19
Spearman’s Rho

Mr. Santos is a guidance counselor who wants


to find out if there is a relationship between
self-esteem of students and their academic
performance. He administered two
questionnaires to 15 students.

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 20
20
Spearman’s Rho

The self-esteem of students was measured by a


self-rated questionnaire called the Adolescent
Self-Esteem Questionnaire (ASEQ), wherein
their scores can range from 0 to 100. Then, the
first-semester grade point average (GPA) of the
students were obtained to measure their
academic performance.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 21
21
Spearman’s Rho

ASEQ score (X) GPA (Y)

59 85
75 88
89 95
35 78
48 80
90 90
95 89
16 70
39 82
ENGAG EXPLOR 64 79
EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 22
22
Spearman’s Rho

Step 1: List down the scores in a table.

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 23
23
Spearman’s Rho
ASEQ (X) GPA (Y) ASEQ rank ASEQ rank GPA rank GPA rank ASEQ rank
(Xr) squared (Yr) squared x GPA rank
(X2r) (Y2r) (Xr x Yr)

59 85 5 25 6 36 30
75 88 7 49 7 49 49
89 95 8 64 10 100 80
35 78 2 4 2 4 4
48 80 4 16 4 16 16
90 90 9 81 9 81 81
95 89 10 100 8 64 80
16 70 1 1 1 1 1
39 82 3 9 5 25 15
64 79 6 36 3 9 18
ENGAG EXPLOR ΣXr=55 ΣX2r=385 EVALUAT
ΣYr=55 ΣY2r=385 ΣXrYr=374
EXPLAIN EXTEND 24
24
Spearman’s Rho

Step 2: Substitute the values from the table in


the formula for Pearson correlation.

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 25
25
Spearman’s Rho

Step 2: Substitute the values from the table in


the formula for Pearson correlation (cont.).

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 26
26
Spearman’s Rho

Step 3: Interpret the results.


There is a strong direct relationship
between the self-esteem scores and grade
point average of the students.

ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT


EXPLAIN EXTEND 27
27
Remember

Correlation must not be mistaken


from cause-effect relationships. Just
because two variables have a strong
relationship does not mean that one
causes the other or the other way
around.
28
Solve the Problem

Ms. Bernardo obtained the following values


from her data:
Xr = 45 X2r = 285
Yr = 45 Y2r = 285 XrYr = 280

Calculate the appropriate test statistic. Then,


describe the relationship of the variables.
ENGAG EXPLOR EVALUAT
EXPLAIN EXTEND 29
Wrap Up

Correlation refers to the measurement of


the relationship between two variables.

Correlation coefficients are calculated if


we want to measure the degree or
strength of the relationship between two
variables.

30
Wrap Up
The sign of a correlation coefficient tells
about the direction of the relationship
between the two variables.

The magnitude of the correlation is the


numerical value (ignoring the sign) which
tells about the strength of the
relationship between the variables.

31
Wrap Up

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