FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC BUILDING
A REFERENCE FOR BY:-
APPLYING THE DALSANIYA BHAVIN S.(CL-
NTIONAL BUILDING
019)
CODE OF INDIA(S.P-
7) AND FEMA(By
DANGI DIVYANG R.(CL-020)
U.S. FIRE DAVE MEET A.(CL-021)
ADMINISTRTION) FROM:-
5-SEM,DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINERING
DHARMSINH DESAI
UNIVERSITY-NADIAD(387001)
OVERVIEW:-
TABLE OF CONTENT:-
ELEMENTS OF FIRE PREVENTION PLANNING IN
PULIC BUILDING.
IDENTIFING FIRE HAZARDS / CAUSES OF FIRE.
PREVENTION OF FIRE IN PUBLIC BUILDING.
ELEMENTS OF FIRE
PREVENTION PLANNING IN
PUBLIC BUILDING
List all major fire hazards.
Proper control of hazardous materials
including flammable and combustible liquids.
Control potential ignition sources.
List fire protection equipment.
Regular inspection and maintenance.
Responsible employees for fuel sources
IDENTIFING FIRE HAZARD:-
Each of these three elements must be present at
the same time to have a fire. A fire will burn until
one or more of the elements is removed.
Oxygen Heat
The air we breathe is
The energy necessary to
increase the temperature of
about 21% oxygen – fire
fuel to where sufficient
needs only vapors are given off for
16% oxygen ignition to occur
Fuel
Any combustible material
– solid, liquid or gas
IDENTIFING FIRE HAZARD
IDENTIFING FIRE HAZARD
Careless Smoking
Smoking is prohibited in facilities owned or leased by
the university.
Some exceptions are made for certain residential facilities.
Outdoors, discarded smoking materials carelessly
tossed in waste containers or into landscaping can
easily start a fire.
IDENTIFING FIRE HAZARD CLASSES OF FIRE
AND THEIR PREVENTION TECHNIQUE OVERVIEW
-:There are 4 classes of Fire:-
Class A :- (Fire due to Ordinary Combustibles)
Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material, such as wood, paper, cloth,
rubber, and some plastics.
Class B:- (Fire due to Flammable liquids or gases )
Flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, paint, paint
thinners and propane
Class C:- (Fire due to Electrical Equipment)
Energized electrical equipment, such as appliances, switches, panel
boxes and power tools.
Class D:-( Fire due to Flammable metals)
Certain combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, potassium, and
sodium
PREVENTION TECHNIQUE OVERVIEW
Class Ordinary Combustibles:-
Keep storage and working areas free of trash.
Ordinary combustible materials, like paper, cardboard, wood,
and products made from these materials can present a fire
hazard when they are allowed to accumulate or are stored
improperly.
Foam or plastic cups, utensils, materials close to heat sources
burn rapidly and give off dense, toxic, black smoke.
Oily rags or other materials soaked in oil can spontaneously
combust if placed in areas where the air does not circulate.
Place oily rags in covered containers.
Class Flammable liquids or gases:
The unsafe use, storage, dispensing, or disposal of flammable
materials can be a prime source of fires and explosions.
Don’t refuel gasoline-powered equipment in a confined
space, in the presence of an open flame, or while the
equipment is hot.
Keep flammable liquids stored in a tightly closed container
and away from spark producing sources.
Use flammable liquids only in well ventilated areas.
Read labels of all spray cans to identify those with flammable
gas-propellants.
Butane and propane are the most common and should never be exposed
to heat or flames.
Class Electrical Equipment:-
Never install a fuse rated higher than specified for the
circuit.
Investigate any appliance or electrical equipment that
smells strange. Unusual odors can be the first sign of a
potential fire.
Utility lights should always have some type of wire guard
over them.
Overloaded circuits, damaged wiring, and defective
switches and outlets can all lead to electrical fires.
Placing space heaters near, or in contact with, combustible
materials poses a fire hazard.
Class Flammable metals:-
Knowledge of the properties of the metals and using
good judgment and common sense will assist you in
controlling or avoiding potential fires/reactions.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
1.)IN MULTY STORY BUILDINGS(INCLUDING
SKYCRAPERS):-
Provision of skip floor.
What is skip floor? OR What do we mean by skip
floor?
Skip floor is floor which left unattached used
for rescue place or public gallery for fire like
disaster.
Having height more then 30m in a buildings.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
SKIP FLOOR:-
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
CODE BASE NOTES FOR SKIP FLOOR:-
It should have only parapet wall of only 9m.
It should not enclosed by glazing or partition wall.
After each 5 stories skip floor can be provided.
No fire susceptible material should be stored within it.
It will provide fresh air to the persons within it.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
PROVISION OF FIRE LIFTS[Clause 6.18(N.B.C
SP-7*):-
Where applicable, fire lifts should be provided fully
automated for emergency.
In case of fire fireman should be operate it easily.
It should not be used for daily commutation.
Numbers and location should be mentioned in each
floor.
Each fire lifts should equipped with intercommunation
equipments.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
PROVISION OF FIRE LIFTS[Clause
6.18(N.B.C SP-7*):-
Wiring and electrical supply should be such that they
do not subjected to fire in any case.
Stand by generators or electrical supply provision
should be provided at time o failure of electric supply.
Periodical testing of fire lifts is must required.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
PROVISION OF FIRE LIFTS[Clause
6.18(N.B.C SP-7*):-
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
FIRE EXITS, EXIT SIGNS AND LIGHTING:-
Minimum travel distance in buildings[as per
N.B.C(S.P:-7)]:-
TYPES OF MIN. TRAVEL
BUILDINGS DISTANCES(m)
Residential buildings 22.5m
Educational buildings 22.5m
Institutional buildings 22.5m
Large scale institute 30m
Assembly or business centre 30m
Industrial buildings 45m
Storage area 30m
Hazardous buildings 22.5m
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
FIRE EXITS(CODE BASE CLAUSES):-
Lifts and escalator should not be considered as exits.
Calculation of number of exits based on area ,
type of usage , types of material , age of user group.
It must be free from obstructions.
It should not be arranged at end of zig-zag ways.
It should not pass trough any occupant unit.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
FIRE EXITS(CODE BASE CLAUSES):-
If possible it should not be enclosed within 4 walls.
Natural illumination for passage ways towards exits.
No. of exits compile the clause of minimum travel
distance.
Any elevation should be inclined by ramps only.
Stair ways or ramps must have hand rails.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
CAPACITY OF EXITS:-
Unit of exit width use to measure capacity = 50m
Clear width of 25cm as additional half unit.
Buildings like storage , business , merchant etc the
capacity of exits per story per unit width increases by
50% .
In large industrial buildings it may be increased by
100%.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
FIRE ESCAPE AS A INTERNAL OR
EXTERNAL STAIRCASE:-
Domestic , cooking , gas line should not pass through
lift cases of stair ways.
Care should be taken to provide windows , ventilation ,
openings in stair ways . should be constructed by
non-combustible material. should have hand rails.
Riser , steps and trending size as per National
building codes.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
FIRE ESCAPE AS A INTERNAL OR
EXTERNAL STAIRCASE:-
MINIMUM WIDTH OF STAIR CASE IN
BUILDINGS:-
TYPES OF BUILDINGS MINIMUM WIDTH OF
STAIR CASE(m)
Residential Building 1m
Hotel kind of building 1.5m
Apartment of 5 stories 1.5m
Educational buildings 1.5m to 2m
Hospital kind of building 1.5m to 2.5m
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
RAMPS IN FIRE EXITS:-
Clauses As Per Code:-
Minimum width of Ramps in various buildings.
TYPES OF BUILDINGS MIN. WIDTH OF RAMP(m)
Residential building 1m
Public building 1m
Hospital kind of building 1.5m
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
RAMPS IN FIRE EXITS:-
Clauses As Per Code:-
Provision of handrail is must.
No obstruction within it.
Location should be indicated well.
It should have frictional floorings.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
RAMPS IN FIRE EXITS:-
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
SMOKE VENTING FECILIES:-
Based on factors like usage of basements , occupancy ,
numbers and need of ventilations ventilation system
should be designed.
Single story basement natural ventilation is possible.
For more numbers of basement mechanical ventilators
installed along with smoke ventilating facilities.
Smoke detectors ,leakage detectors , humidity temperature
sensors must be installed safe operation.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
INSTALLATION OF AUTOMETIC
SPRINKLERS SYSTEM[N.B.C , SP:-
7(Clause=6.10.6):-
Shell be installed in basement use as car parking or
storage occupancy area exceed 200.
It should not be install in inflammable liquid storage
area.
In liquid inflammable storage area gas based, power
based fire extinguisher should be used.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
PROVISION OF SMOKE ALARM:-
· Leave at once, taking direction from
the emergency warden.
· Do not delay yourself by gathering
personal items. Your safety always comes first.
· Before you open any door, feel the door with the back of your
hand. If the door is cold, slowly open it a crack.
· If there is no smoke in hallways or stairwells, follow your
building’s evacuation plan. Get out quickly using designated fire
exits.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
Typical sketch for wet riser system:-
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
WET RISER SYSTEM:-
The fig. indicates typical arrangement of wet riser,
Down come for apartment house above 15m,
Not exceeding 24m in height.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
CLAUSES FOR FIRE SEFTY EQUIPMENTS:
(FROM NATIONAL BUILDING CODE;SP-7):-
Clause:- 6.10.10:-
Fire fighting equipment,
Should be suitably located,
Clearly marked,
Illuminated sign wired to independent electric circuit,
Alternate source of supply.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
CLAUSES FOR FIRE SEFTY EQUIPMENTS:
(FROM NATIONAL BUILDING CODE;SP-7):-
Clause:-6.11.2:-
Air conditioning system;
Circulating air to more then one floor ,Or floor area shell be
provided with dampers, design to close automatically at the
time of fire.
And prevent spread of fire in another area shell be also
provide with automatic control to stop fans in fire.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
CLAUSES FOR FIRE SEFTY EQUIPMENTS:
(FROM NATIONAL BUILDING CODE;SP-7):-
Example:-
Fire occur in huge glass office building,
Fault occur in Electrical supply,
design separate system of sensor,
It will pass signal to air generator to run air supply.
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
CLAUSES FOR FIRE SEFTY EQUIPMENTS:
(FROM NATIONAL BUILDING CODE;SP-7):-
Clause:-6.12:-
Smoke venting;
Where required for safe use of exits in window less
buildings,
Underground structure , large area factories,
Where required other provision of hole
FIRE SAFTY IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS
CLAUSES FOR FIRE SEFTY EQUIPMENTS:
(FROM NATIONAL BUILDING CODE;SP-7):-
Clause:- 6.15:-
Surface finishes;
Based on chances of fire susceptibility,
Surface finishes of wooden or metallic material should
be selected.
FIRE SAFTY IN
FIRE SAFTY IN
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
BUILDINGS:-
BUILDINGS
BY APPLYING
REFERANCE
FROM FEMA
CODE(BY U.S FIRE
ADMINISTRATION
)
Remember !
Your Safety Comes First
When in doubt,
leave the fire,
fighting to the,
Professionals.
THANK YOU
