CRIM

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Introduction
to Criminal
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CRIM DO NOT
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Investigatio
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CHAPTER ONE
T CROSS
E D O NO
SC E N NE DO
CRIME
CRIM
E SCE
GROUP 1
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 CRI
O SS
T CR RO
N O T C
E DO O NO
N D
ME S CE
S CE NE
CRIMINAL
CRI
INVESTIGATIO
Nonducted to follow-up,
C
examine, trace, and search
the facts concerning the
commission of a crime
1 4 through patient, step-by-step
and meticulous observation.
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3
2
 CRI
O SS
T CR RO
N O T C
E DO O NO The truth can be
CE N E D
E S CE N
S
CRI
M
discovered in any
post-factum
inquiry
HOW?

1
: by gathering fact that can
be used to answer questions
regarding a criminal case.
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 CRI
O SS
T CR RO
N O T C
E DO O NO CRIMINAL
CE N E D
E S CE N
S
CRI
M
INVESTIGATIO
N AS A LEGAL
INQUIRY
- Covers the identification of
the suspect and the

1 circumstances of the crime

by careful evaluate of all
available pieces of evidence.
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 EN
E SC
R IM
C
O S S
NATURE OF
CR
CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATIO
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION USUALLY
NAs a Science -
● APPLY:

1
Dactyloscopy
(fingerprinting) SCIENTIFIC: KNOWLEDGE
no two persons have exactly the PRINCIPLES
same fingerprints in their individual METHODOLOGIES
characteristic.
In order to discover and collect facts
- Every contact leaves a trace
( EXHANGE PRINCIPLE/ PRINCIPLE
information for purpose of promoting
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OF CONTACT) justice.
 EN
E SC
R IM
C
O S S VARIOUS TECHNIQUES:
● As an Art CR
1. Emotional appeal
- using various techniques to 2. Sympathy approach
identify and locate perpetrator and 3. Kindness
prove their guilt thru criminal 4. Extenuation
proceeding. 5. Shifting the blame
6. Mutt and jeff

1
Criminal investigation as an art:
- according to Hans Gross
95% perspiration
3% inspiration
2% luck
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 EN
E SC
R IM
C
● As a process O S S
CR
- requires:
patient, step-by-step (systematic)
Meticulous (careful and thorough)
examination of something or
somebody in relation to a criminal
incident.

1
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 5 FUNDAMENTAL FUNCTIONS OF
INVESTIGATION
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 CE ·
EVIDENCE · EVIDEN
CE
EVIDENCE · EVIDEN
1.

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IDENTIFICATI
 Investigation lead (in the form of facts

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and information
2.
ON

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 Physical evidence
 Other forms of evidence
 The people involved in the case COLLECTION
- suspects - facts

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E TO OPEN
-witness
-victims
- information
-evidence etc.

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RE TO OPEN
EVIDENC
E
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 CE ·
EVIDENCE · EVIDEN
CE
EVIDENCE · EVIDEN
3.

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TO OPEN
5.
Preservation
- Of forensic value

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( legal integrity) PRESENTATIO

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N
- of evidence
4. EVALUATION

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and the case.
- Of collected

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evidence and the
EVIDENC
case. E
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 CRI
O SS
T CR RO
N O T C
E DO O NO
N D
ME S CE
S CE NE
Basic goal of
CRI
criminal
Investigation
Discovering the “
WHODUNIT”
Means “ who has
done it” or “who do
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it”
 CE ·
EVIDENCE · EVIDEN
CE
EVIDENCE · EVIDEN
TRICHOTO

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MY

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- State that a person must
posses three (3) things to

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become a well-rounded
investigator:

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 Training

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 Tools
 technique

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RE TO OPEN
EVIDENC
E
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 EVIDENCE · EVIDENCE · EVIDENCE
· EVIDENC
EVIDENCE · EVIDENCE EVIDENCE E·
· E VI DE N C
E
MODE OF CRIMINAL
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HOW DOES CRIME
INVESTIGATION: INVESTIGATION COMMENCE?

o Preventive mode – once the

o A manner of acting or police has become aware of a
doing crime in progress
o Method
o Reactive mode –upon filing
o Preferred way of doing of the criminal complaint
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something
o Proactive mode –self-
o A particular type or initiation by concerned or
form of something directly involved police
personnel.
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 o Decoy Operation
–most effective in combating street
crimes
Forms of -a police officer being the decoy, plays
the role of a potential victim.

Proactive o Roping/undercover Operation

-form of investigation in which the

Investigatio investigator assume a different and

unofficial identity/cover story in order to

n obtain information.
EXAMPLE: buy-bust Operation
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 COVER
● Devise or strategy by which a selected investigator conceals his identity
and his relationship with the investigating agency.
● It is the means by which an individual, group, organization conceals the
true nature of its activities, and or its existence from the observer.
● It is used so that intelligence unit may operate within the maximum
interference from outside element. By “ outside element “ we mean those
not having the need to know”.
● It uses also deferent aliases, backstopping for their falsified document to
make the cover credible.
● In the conduct of cover and undercover operations, the following should
be taken into considerations.
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 CONCEPT OF REQUIREMEN
COVER TS FOR COVER
a) Consideration in devising and
a) SECURITY (STATUS)
using cover
b) Requirement in the conduct of b) MISSION ACCOMPLISMENT
undercover operation (ACTION)
c) Criteria for agent selection c) BOTH MISSION AND SECURITY
d) Advantages and
disadvantages of the
undercover operation
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 ESSENTIAL NATURE OF
USES OF COVER
COVER
1. Maintain secrecy of operation
against enemy intelligence
a. Witting or unwitting exposure
b. Any cover that is subjective to close
2. Maintain secrecy of operation scrutiny for extended period of time will be
against friendly forces not having probably compromised
the need to know c. Cover selected must not affect the
unwelcome of the person not to the
3. Pursues successful
observer
accomplishment of the mission d. Cover might appear plausible to the user,
however, it is not so to the observer
e. The cover must provide under cover
identity with the opportunity to get the
work done.
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 HAZARD TO ELEMENTS
COVER OF COVER
1. Passive opposition- a. MISSION
2. Friendly of not hostile
b. ENVIRONMENT
opposition
3. Unfriendly or active c. PERSON
opposition
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 SELECTIO SPECIFIC
N OF QUELIFICATI
a. Above average mental ability ON
a. KNOWLEDGE OF THE
LANGUAGE
PERSONNE
b.
c.
Perceptible senses
Have a self-confidence b. KNOWLEDGE OF THE AREA

L
d.
e.
Good memory
Long physical endurance c. KNIOIWLEDGE ABOUT THE
f. Good character PEOPLE CUSTOM AND
HABITS
g. Strong personality
h. Natural attitude d. PHYSICAL APPERANCE CAN
i. perseverance BLEND TO THE AREA OF
OPERSTION
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 FACTORS THAT
HELPS IN THE
PRECAUTION DETERMINATION OF
APPROPRIATE
AND 1. Provide freedom of
COVER
movement
GUIDELINES IN 2. Protect the investigator in
case if compromise
CASE OF
1. Move out immediately
2. Start new facility for operation and
3. Provide adequate leisure time
4. It must be flexible to meet
COMPROMISE
develop it
3. Build entirely new cover
situation
5. Consistent with the financial
4. Use circuitous routes and provide resources available to
counter surveillance measures investigator
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 FACTORS TO BE
CONSIDERED IN
SELECTING A COVER
a. Mutual point of interest
b. Justification of presence
c. Previous and permanent address
d. Deficiencies in his role
e. Freedom of movement
f. Means of communication
g. Social and financial status
h. Detailed and complete
i. Operational and alternative
plan
j. safe departure
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 THE ANATOMY OF
CRIME MOTIVE Refers to the reasons or causes why a
person or group perpetrate a crime.

Consists of the acts of commission and/ or

commission by a person (the victim) which
ANATOMY OF enables another person or group (the
Is the means or implement used in
CRIME criminals) to perpetrate the crime.
the commission of the crime
INSTRUMENTALITY OPPORTUNITY
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THANK
YOU
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