Megan Baloran & Kattflynn
Agbayani
The Religion
Anchient
of
Egypt
Megan Baloran & Kattflynn
Agbayani
Religio
n Religion was central of Egyptian life.
It was essentially polotheistic characterized by
numerous deities.
Amon-
re Amon-re was the chief god
He was declared to have given birth to himself.
He was also considered as the god of
righteousness, justice, and truth
He was also considered as the god of righteousness,
justice, and truth. And the upholder of the moral
order of the universe
Osiri
s
A God who was believed to be the ruler of the Nile
and the spirits of the dead
He was supposed to have been killed by his brother,
Seth, who cut up his body into pieces.
Isis, the wife of Osiris, was said to have collected
all the pieces and brought Osiris back to life.
Significantly, the death of osiris symbolized the resumption of
the flooding of the Nile that provides vitality to the land
His death and resurrection became an important basis of the
belief in immortality and life after death
Isis
Isis was worshipped as the goddess of creation and
love.
She was usually depicted as a woman with a
throne headdress.
Horu
s
Horus was another important god believed to be
the incarnation of the living pharaoh
He was believed to be the of Isis who was
depicted as a falcon god
Anubi
sThe jackal-headed god of the graveyard
He was the patron of Embalmers and was believed to
be for weighing the hearts of the deceased before Osiris.
Why was the heart
weighted?
The ancient Egyptians believed that the heart should
be lighter than the leather.
Only then would the soul or "ka" be allowed to
live in paradise.
Should the heart be heavier than the feather, it was
fed to the devourer of the dead or the crocodile-
headed god,Ammit.
Anchient
The Deities
of
Egypt
Megan Baloran & Kattflynn
Agbayani
Amon
Amon was the state god of Egypt in the new
kingdom (1550 - 1070 BCE) With major temples at
Karnak at Luxor in Thebes and other large cities such
as Memphis. He was often depicted as a handsome
young man wearing two plums or as a ram.
Anubis
A "God of the dead" dating to the old kingdoms as
part of Osirian myths. He was the patron of embalmers
and had a vital role in the travels of the deceased in
TUAT or the underworld. He was usually known as a
jackal or as a man with the jackal head.
Anukis
A goddess of the cataract region, part of the trained
formed with the god KHNUM and the goddess SATIS
at the ELEPHANTINE. She was depicted as a woman
wearing a tall feathered headdress. She was associated
with the inundation of the Nile and in the creation of
mankind.
Bastet
A goddess with an ancient cult center at BUBASTIS in
the Delta. She was depicted as a cat-headed woman
or as a lioness. She was at times a war goddess at
other times the protector of pregnant women.
Hapi
The personification of the Nile, honoring the river's
inundations and fertile deposited on the fields of
Egypt. He was normally depicted as a fat man, holding
the the symbols of abundance.
Hathor
Called the "Golden One", a favorite in Egypt for
centuries, the goddess of sacred sycamore and an
important sky goddess. Hathor was represented as a
woman wearing the sun disk and a cow horns or as a
cow holding the SISTRUM.
Horu
s ruler, who was eventually involved in the isis-Orisis
The "falcon god" , is a sky deity and the living
myths.
Worshipped originally in upper and lower Egypt, he
became the first stage god of Egypt, associated with
the royal cult.
Isis
The wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus, One of
the great mother goddesses, she was shown as a
woman with a throne headdress. A protector of the
living and the dead, she was especially revered for her
magical powers.
Khnum
A creator God especially worshipped at the
Emphantine and associated with Anukis and Sstis. He
was depicted as a man with a Ram's head. Often
shown seated at his potter's wheel where he brought
forth the forms of mankind.
Khons
A "moon god", depicted often as a mummified youth
with a lock of hair on his head sometimes with the
crescent of the moon. He was associated with Amon
and Mut at Thebes.
Ma'at
The goddess of truth who presided over the
judgements of the deceased in Osiris' domain. She was
depicted as a woman with a feather on her head, and
in time her name was used to signify the spirit of
calm and cooperation that was viewed as the idea for
human society.
Min
An early god of CORTOS, a patron of the desert who
was later associate with Amon and the temple of
Luxor. He was involved in the fertility rites and was
sometimes shown as an ithyphallic figure, caring the
frail and wearing plumes.
Montu
A war god associate with the BUCHIS bull at
ERMENT and then with Thebes. He was normally
shown as a falcon, protecting the kings in battle, or as
a Man wearing a Falcons head, with the sun disk and
two plumes.
Mut
A war goddess, given as a wife of Amon at Thebes.
She was depicted as a woman with a vulture
headdress or with crowns. Her great temple at Thebes
demonstrated her position of honor in Egypt.
Neith
The goddess of SAIS, the patroness of war and
hunting.Neith was closely connected to the god
SOBEK and protected the dead and the CANOPIC
JARS, She was shown as a woman wearing the red
crown of Lower Egypt and carrying a shield and
crossed arrows.
Osiri
s times and maintaining popularity throughout the
The god of the dead in Egypt, dating to ancient
nation's history. He was the lord of Tuat, the
Underworld, and a form of the dead kings and other
deceased. He began as a fertility god but became the
judge of the dead in later eras. He was normally
depicted as a man in mummy wrappings, wearing a
plumed crown.
Re
The sun god of Heliopolis, from the earliest eras, and
believed to be the father of the kings of Egypt while
they lived. He headed the ENNEAD of Heliopolis and
was then assumed by Amon of Thebes, who bore the
incorporated title of Amon-Re. Re was represented as
a man with a falcon's head or with a ram's head. He
was involved in the mortuary rituals and in the daily
crossing of the sun in the heavens.
Sekhme
t wife of Ptah and the mother of Nefertem. She represented the
A lion headed goddess who was part of the Memphite triad as the
powers of the sun's rays, fought against the enemies of Re and
once nearly destroyed all of mankind
Seth
The brother of Osiris, Isis, and Nepthys, who slew
Osiris. He was associated with the northeastern Delta
and the deserts and was represented by the mythical
Typhonean animal.
Sobe
k the Faiyum. He was normally represented by the
The crocodile god of Egypt, parti
c ularly worshi
p ped at
crocodile or depicted as a man wearing a crocodile's
head
Thot
h Thoth. The god of wisdom, dating to Hermopolis and
associated with the ibis. He was represented by the
moon, and was also the patron of writing and
counting. He was depicted as a man with an ibis head
or by a baboon.
Afterlife
The Ancient Egyptians believed in a happy afterlife. It was suggested that the life of abundance
that the Nile afforded the ancient Egyptians in their present life directly inspired the belief that
the afterlife was actually bountiful.
Their concept of paradise was one with the same fertile fields and light and sacred waters beautiful
by lakes and garden.
This belief in the afterlife seemed rooted in their environment
Funerary rituals that underscore seem to be directly influenced by such an idea that there was
life after dead and that it was important to preserve the body for the "Ka" to inhabit the
afterlife.
Afterlife
The dead was embalmed and its organs placed in a canopic jar.
The body was then soaked in natron which was a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate
or sodium chloride for "40 days"
Pads of lines and packages of natron or sawdust were used to fill the body cavities and sealed with
magical emblems and molten resin.
Embalming was called “UT” by the egyptians from a latin word that means “to put into aromatic resins”
while the word “mummy” is persian which means pitch or bitumen which was used in embalming,
The book of the dead was a significant source of information pertaining to th egyptian belief in the
afterlife.
Ethical Doctrines of The Book of the
Dead
I have not done iniquity.
I have not robbed in violation.
I have not done Violation to any
man I have not committed theft.
I have not slain man and
woman. I have not uttered
falsehood.
I have not killed the beasts, which are the property of
god . I have not laid waste the lands which have been
plowed.
I have encroached upon sacred times and
seasons. I have not fouled water
I have not taken vengeance upon the
god. I have not sought for distinction.
I have not increased my wealth, except with such things as are just mine own
possession. I have not defiled the wife of a man.
I have not acted deceitfully
The Pyramids
They remain to be the quintessential symbol of the grauder of ancient Egyptian civilization. But the
pyramid was also tied to their religious beliefs. It was built to be the place of ascent of the “KA” or soul
of the royal deceased on his journey to eternity. Its four sides were designed to face the cardinal points
of the earth and the entrance is normally on the north side. It was a royal tomb, not the place nor a
temple.
It was centered on the belief in the afterlife. In time, it would be abandoned all together and pharaohs
would be buried in the valley of the king, a dessert necropolis on the west bank of the nile opposite the
ancient egyptian capital of Thebes. It has two branches, one of the East Valley and the other on the west
valley. The greatest number of tombs was found in the eastern side. One of the most famous tombs to be
found in the valley of the kings was that of tutankhamen’s discovered by british Archaeologists lord
Carnarvon and Howard Carter in1922. It provides to be one of the greatest finds of the century because it
was mostly untouched by tomb robbers. It also inspired the imagination of twentieth century people about
the course of the mummy.
Curses
As for any scribe, any official, any man who shall come down to this field to take anything from them, to
do things therein on earth ; he is a rebel to the great god. His son and daughter shall be slaughtered on
earth. He shall not be buried in the necropolis. {This example indicates could also be directed against the
ability of the offender to enjoy the blessed afterlife}
