SEISMIC VULNERABILITY

ASSESSMENT OF SCHOOL
BUILDINGS AMONG BATAAN
PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
CAMPUSES USING RAPID
VISUAL SCREENING METHOD

STRUC 018

ENGR. SAM P. OLARTE ARELLANO, ACOSTA, BASILIO,

THESIS ADVISER JONALYN P. CYNTHIA MARIE RHEA D.
CEM-ADDITIONAL CEM-ADDITIONAL CEM-4B
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
EARTHQUAKE IN THE PHILIPPINES
EARTHQUAKE LOCATION DATE MAGNITUDE KILLED PEOPLE
The Philippines is one of the most natural hazard-prone countries in the world, due
to its location within the typhoon belt and along the Pacific Ring of Fire, where Matanao, Davao del Sur December 15, 2019 6.9 9

80% of the world’s earthquakes occur.

Castillejos, Zambales April 22, 2019 6.1 18

Due to the continuous urbanization, the population increases. And since school is Bohol October 15, 2013 7.2 222

one of the most populated environments, many individuals may be affected by

natural disasters such as earthquakes. Tayasan, Negros Occidental February 6, 2012 6.7 51

Mindoro November 15, 1994 7.1 78

Rizal, Nueva Ecija July 16, 1990 7.8 2400

Antique, Panay Island June 14, 1990 7.1 8

Laoag City, Ilocos

  Norte August 17, 1983 6.5 16

Coastline bordering Moro Gulf August 17, 1976 8.1 8000

Casiguran, Aurora August 02, 1968 7.3 270

FIGURE 1: POPULATION OF PHILIPPINES FIGURE 2: POPULATION IN EVERY BPSU CAMPUSES

SOURCE: HR-CENTRAL TABLE 1: KILLER EARTHQUAKES IN THE PHILIPPINES
SOURCE: https://tradingeconomics.com/philippines/population (SOURCES: PHILVOCS, NDRRMC, INTERNATIONAL TSUNAMI INFORMATION CENTER, INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL,
2022)

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RAPID VISUAL SCREENING RAPID EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE
(RVS) ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
VS (REDAS)
• An approach like this is a simple way in the preliminary • Users should undertake into a memorandum of agreement with PhilVocs
screening step without involving any structural calculations. in order to avail the software and training.

• The RVS approach employs a method that is based on a • It is limited freeware but not an open source.
sidewalk survey of a building and a Data Collection Form,
which is filed by the person doing the survey, associated with • User should be a professional screener.
visual assessment of the building from the external and, if
necessary, indoors (Lizundia et al., 2014).

• It is low cost, efficient, quick and reliable way to assess

building's vulnerability.

• Even if the user is not a professional, screener must be

knowledgeable about structures.

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BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The Philippines is one of the most natural hazard-prone countries
in the world. The country experiences an earthquake per day some of
which are very low magnitude that cannot be felt. Only 36% of
Filipinos are prepared for such disasters, according to a study by
Harvard Humanitarian Initiative.

Since Philippines is one of the fastest urbanizing countries, many

building construction project have been built in a short span of time.
Meeting the high demand in both the public and private sectors in
new building constructions requires speedy construction and not
given enough time for adequate planning and risk identification. This
will unavoidably result in poor project output.

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BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Risk mitigation strategies are more likely to be

ineffective in economically developing countries due
to a lack of knowledge on earthquake readiness, a lack
of human resources, or other critical natural demands.
Being unaware of specific safety procedures before,
during, and after an occurrence makes people more
inclined to neglect it.

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BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
 OBJECTIVES
GENERAL OBJECTIVES SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
The primary objective of this research is Provide graphical outputs that will be useful for
to assess the seismic vulnerability of the
1 decision makers to determine which buildings
must be prioritized for detailed evaluation.
buildings on the six campuses of Bataan
Peninsula State University and to provide a
hazard map as a preliminary step for Define the vulnerability of each building among
communities and local governments as they 2 BPSU campuses and to provide direction on
prepare and implement mitigation strategies. how to assess the risks associated with those
vulnerabilities.

Suggest hazard mitigation map for future initiatives

3 aimed towards reducing earthquake risk to school
buildings in Bataan.

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BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
 SIGNIFICANCE OF Furthermore, the study could be of importance to the following:

THE STUDY

Local Government Unit School Administrators Community Future Researchers

Help achieve the Improve disaster Serve as a catalyst Serve as a guide for
goal of resilience preparedness and risk about earthquake future studies
and disaster reduction measure hazards
preparedness

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BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
SUMMARY OF RRL Generally, the score S < 0.7 indicates high vulnerability requiring detail evaluation
and retrofitting of the building.

If the building is having grade 1 or grade 2 damage there is no need for further
evaluation because these two are slight and moderate damage.

RVS Score Damage Potential

High probability off Grade 5 damage; Very high
S<0.3
probability of Grade 4 damage

Figure 3:RVS SCORE IN ALL HOSPITALS OF MANILA

SOURCE: Clemente et al., 2020 High probability off Grade 4 damage; Very high
0.3<S<0.7
probability of Grade 3 damage
Figure 3 shows the RVS score of each hospital, 20 out of 26
hospitals have scores less than 2 which means they are
High probability off Grade 3 damage; Very high
susceptible to at least substantial to heavy damage when a major 0.7<S<2.0
probability of Grade 2 damage
earthquake strike Manila.

High probability off Grade 2 damage; Very high

Among 26 hospitals 6 of them have scores greater than 2 2.0<S<2.5
probability of Grade 1 damage
which means they can endure slight damages.
S>2.5 Probability of Grade 1 damage
TABLE 2: DAMAGE POTENTIAL OF BUILDING
SOURCE: Lizundia et al., 2014

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SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS AMONG
BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
 As per the results of the study, 14
buildings out of 139 were potentially
seismically hazardous and requires further
SUMMARY OF RRL
seismic assessment by the LGUs.
The study conducted by the researchers revealed that the rapid
visual screening method had been widely used in assessing the
vulnerability of the building. Yet, most buildings that did not
comply with the NSCP were damaged during the earthquake and
were not aware that they were prone to earthquakes. Thus, the
structure that is vulnerable to earthquakes should proceed with a
program of strengthening and retrofitting. Moreover, for such city
areas, damage assessment is crucial in order to conduct pre-
damage control for disaster mitigation. This will lessen human
casualties and prevent the cultural city from being destroyed
(Basukala and Maskey, 2017).

Figure 4: HAZARD MAP

SOURCE: (Clemente & Concha, 2020)

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SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS AMONG
BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 5 shows the expected relationship between variables in the Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings among BPSU campuses.

Independent Variable Controlled Variable

RAPID VISUAL FEMA-154

SCREENING PARAMETERS

HAZARD
MITIGATION
Dependent Variable
MAP
Figure 5: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

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BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
 FLOW CHART
The preliminary step for the
COMPILATION OF SEISMIC
inclusion of the parameters required HAZARD INFORMATION
in the building assessment
considerations.
APPLICATION OF RAPID
VISUAL SCREENING

DATA COLLECTION
INTERPRETI CIRCLING COMMENT
NG THE OF BASIC ABOUT
OUTCOME SCORE AND UNUSUAL
INTO A SEISMIC CONDITIONS
HAZARD PERFORMA AND
MITIGATION NCE CIRCUMSTAN
MAP ATTRIBUTE CES

IDENTIFYING
VULNERABILITY

INTERPRETING THE OUTCOME

INTO A HAZARD MITIGATION MAP Figure 6: FLOW CHART

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SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS AMONG
BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
 METHODOLOGY

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SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS AMONG
BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
TESTING PROCEDURE

Figure 7: Testing Procedures

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BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
 SCOPE LIMITATION
Assess the buildings among six Bataan Peninsula
State University campuses. The method used for this
⚬ Abucay Campus
⚬ Balanga Campus research is limited because it is
⚬ Bagac Campus basically a preliminary
⚬ Dinalupihan Campus
⚬ Main Campus examination and the FEMA
⚬ Orani Campus evaluation is concentrated on the
Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) will undertake this standard specification that was
study to inspect the buildings that were new, designed
and built prior to seismic design, building`s soil type, and applied in the structures.
finally buildings with performance characteristics that
have a negative impact on their seismic response.

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BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
 GANTT CHART
ACTIVITY W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12

Understanding the
process of RVS

Applying the RVS

Method in six BPSU
Campuses

Data Collection and

Defining Building’s
Vulnerability

Interpreting and
Creating Hazard Map

Manuscript Writing

Figure 8: GANTT CHART

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 REFERENCES
Clemente, S. J. C., Arreza, J. S. B., Cortez, M. A. M., Imperial, J. R. C., & Malabanan, M. J. F. (2020). Risk Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability of All Hospitals in Manila
Using Rapid Visual Screening (RVS). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 479(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/479/1/012002

Lizundia, B., Durphy, S., Griffin, M., Hortacsu, A., Kehoe, B., Porter, K., & Welliver, B. (2014). Rapid visual screening of buildings for potential seismic hazards: FEMA 154
and FEMA 155 updates. NCEE 2014 - 10th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering: Frontiers of Earthquake Engineering, January.
https://doi.org/10.4231/D3M90238V

Visuvasam, J., Simon, J., & Chandrasekar, R. (2017). Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Existing Residential Building at Vellore. In International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology (Vol. 8, Issue 4). http://iaeme.comhttp//iaeme.com/Home/issue/http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET605

Clemente, S. J. C., & Concha, N. C. (2020, December 3). Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability of Public Schools in Metro Manila within 5 Km from the West Valley Fault
Line using Rapid Visual Survey (RVS). 2020 IEEE 12th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control,
Environment, and Management, HNICEM 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/HNICEM51456.2020.9400131

Visuvasam, J., Simon, J., & Chandrasekar, R. (2017). Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Existing Residential Building at Vellore. In International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology (Vol. 8, Issue 4). http://iaeme.comhttp://iaeme.com/Home/issue/http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET605

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 SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF
SCHOOL BUILDINGS AMONG BATAAN
PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES
USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD

THANK YOU!

STRUC 018

ENGR. SAM P. OLARTE ARELLANO, ACOSTA, BASILIO,

THESIS ADVISER JONALYN P. CYNTHIA MARIE RHEA D.
CEM-ADDITIONAL CEM-ADDITIONAL CEM-4B
 FEMA - 154 (RVS METHOD)
SECOND EDITION (2002) THIRD EDITION (2015)

Adjacency

Exterior Falling
Hazards

All Basic Scores and Manufactured

Score Modifiers Housing

Large multi-unit,
multi-storey wood frame
residential
Minimum Score
(Smin)

Extent of Review

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BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES USING RAPID VISUAL SCREENING METHOD
SAMPLE OF DATA COLLECTION FORM (2015)
LEVEL 1 HIGH-SEISMICITY

05
LEVEL 1 HIGH-SEISMICITY LEVEL 2 HIGH-SEISMICITY
SAMPLE OF HAZARD MITIGATION MAP