UMTS Cell Selection and

Reselection(V4)
Contents

 Strategy of PLMN Selection

 Strategy of Cell Selection and Reselection
 Strategy of LA and RA Update
 Strategy of URA Update
 Strategy of CELL Update

2
 Setting Up a Cell and Public Channels
RNC Node B UE

Process for setting up a cell

Process for setting up public transmission

channels (PRACH and SCCPCH)

Process for broadcasting system messages

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 UE Registers upon Switch-on

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 Strategy of PLMN Selection

 The USIM maintains a list of allowed PLMN types. During PLMN

selection and reselection, based on the list of allowed PLMN
types and a list of PLMN identities in priority order, the particular
PLMN may be selected either automatically or manually. The UE
will select a PLMN when it registers at power-on or re-registers
after leaving connected mode. In addition, the UE can make
periodic PLMN selection.

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 Support for PLMN Selection

 The UE scans all RF channels according to its capabilities to find available

PLMNs. On each carrier, the UE shall search for the strongest cell and
read its system information. The allowed PLMN information in USIM
determines which PLMN will be selected finally.
 Whenever a UE is switched on or re-registers after leaving connected
mode, it attempts to camp on the last registered PLMN. If there is no
registered PLMN stored in the USIM, the UE selects and attempts
registration on other PLMNs using either the automatic mode or the
manual mode.
 Once the UE has selected a PLMN, the cell selection procedure will be
performed in order to select a suitable cell of that PLMN to camp on.

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 PLMN Selection-Automatic Mode

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 Manual PLMN Selection Mode

 The UE displays all PLMNs that found by scanning all frequency

carriers. The UE displays those PLMNs that are allowed as well as
those that are not allowed. The user makes a manual selection,
according to the available access technology for the optional
PLMN, and the UE attempts registration on optional PLMN.
 If the user selects an available PLMN of forbidden PLMN list, the
UE attempts to register and may receive a positive
acknowledgement from the CN. In this case, the PLMN is
removed from the forbidden list.

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 Roaming

 Roaming is a service through which a UE is able to obtain

services from another PLMN rather than the HPLMN. The
behavior that the UE must follow is specified by agreements
among the network operators. A UE in automatic mode, having
selected and registered on a VPLMN, periodically attempts to
return to its HPLMN. The time interval between consecutive
attempts is stored in the USIM. The timer may have a value of
between 6 minutes and 8 hours, with a step size of 6 minutes. In
the absence of a fixed value, a default value of 30 minutes is used
by the UE.

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Contents

 Strategy of PLMN Selection

 Strategy of Cell Selection and Reselection
 Strategy of LA and RA Update
 Strategy of URA Update
 Strategy of CELL Update

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 Strategy of Cell Selection and Reselection

 For normal service, the UE has to camp on a suitable cell, tune to

that cell's control channel(s) so that the UE can:
 Receive system information from the PLMN;
 Receive registration area information from the PLMN, e.g., location area and
routing area;
 Identify to which service area as specified by NAS that the serving cell
belongs.
 Receive other AS and NAS Information;
 Receive paging and notification messages from the PLMN;
 Initiate call setup for outgoing calls or other actions from the UE.

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 Cell Selection and Reselection (A)

To B
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 Cell Selection and Reselection (B)
From A

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 Cell selection criteria-Rule S

Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0

Squal ＝ Qqualmeas － Qqualmin
Srxlev ＝ Qrxlevmeas － Qrxlevmin － Pcompensation

 Qqualmeas ： Measured cell quality value. The quality of the received signal
expressed in CPICH Ec/No (dB).
 Qrxlevmeas ： Measured cell RX level value. The quality of the received signal
expressed in CPICH RSCP (dBm).
 Qqualmin ： Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB).
 Qrxlevmin ： Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm).
 Pcompensation ： max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH － P_MAX, 0) (dB)
 UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH ： Maximum TX power level on RACH (dBm)
 P_MAX ： Maximum RF output power of the UE (dBm)

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 Camped Normally State

 Select and monitor the indicated PICH and PCH of the cell
according to information sent in system information.
 Monitor relevant system information.
 Perform necessary measurements for the cell reselection
evaluation procedure.
 Execute the cell reselection evaluation process.

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 Measurement rules for cell re-selection
 Intra-frequency :
 If Sx > SIntraSearch, UE does not measure intra-frequency cells.
 If Sx <= Sintrasearch, UE measures intra-frequency cells.
 If Sintrasearch is not broadcasted, UE measure intra-frequency cells.
 Whether to broadcast Sintrasearch or not is controlled by SintrasearchPre.
 Inter-frequency :
 If Sx > Sintersearch, UE does not measure inter-frequency cells.
 If Sx <= Sintersearch, UE measures inter-frequency cells.
 If Sintersearch is not broadcasted, UE measure inter-frequency cells.
 Whether to broadcast Sintersearch or not is controlled by SintersearchPre.
 Inter-RAT
 If Sx > SSearchRat, UE does not measure inter-RAT cells.
 If Sx <= SSearchRat, UE measures inter-RAT cells.
 If SsearchRat is not broadcasted, UE measure inter-RAT cells.
 Whether to broadcast SsearchRat or not is controlled by OtherRATInfoPre.
 Where, Sx is Squal.

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 Cell reselection criteria-Rule R

Rs ＝ Qmap,s + Qhyst,s AND Rn ＝ Qmap,n － Qoffsets,n

 Qmap,s ： Mapping value of serving cell quality measurement.

 Qmap,n ： Mapping value of neighbor cell quality measurement
 Qhyst1s ： Hysteresis value when measurement value is CPICH RSCP.
 Qhyst2s ： Hysteresis value when measurement value is CPICH Ec/No.
 Qoffset1s,n ： Cell reselection offset when measurement value is CPICH RSCP.
 Qoffset2s,n ： Cell reselection offset when measurement value is CPICH Ec/No.
 Also :
 The new cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time interval
Treselection according to the R criteria.
 More than 1 second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving
cell.

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 Intra-Frequency Cell Re-Selection

P-CPICH Treselections
Ec/Io
Serving Cell Qmeas,s + Qhyst2s Serving Cell

Qqualmin +
SIntraSearch
Qmeas,n - Qoffset2s,n

Qqualmin
Neighboring Cell

Neighboring
cell criterion S
is fulfilled and is
ranked Neighboring Cell

UE perform Neighboring cell UE perform cell Time

intra-frequency better ranking reselection
measurements than Serving cell

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 Inter-RAT Cell Re-Selection

Quality/ Treselections
Rx Lev
UMTS Qmeas,s + Qhyst1s GSM Serving
Serving Cell Cell

Qqualmin +
SSearchRat
Qmean,n – Qoffset1s,n

QRxLevMin

Inter-RAT cell
GSM criterion S is
UMTS
Neighboring Cell fulfilled and is
Neighboring Cell
ranked

UE perform Neighboring cell UE perform Time

inter-RAT better ranking inter-RAT cell
measurements than Serving cell reselection

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 Inter-RAT Cell Re-Selection

Yes

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 GSM→UMTS Cell Reselection Procedure

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 Measurement Quality for Cell Selection and
Reselection

Parameter QualMeas
Name
Description This parameter indicates the quality measure type for
cell selection and reselection.
Range and Step 1: CPICH Ec/No
2: CPICH RSCP
Default Value 1
Configuration View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic
Path function configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and
Reselection information->UltranCellXXX-
>Measurement Quality for Cell Selection and
Reselection

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 Minimum Required Quality Level in the Cell

Parameter QQualMin
Name
Description This parameter indicates the minimum required quality level of
the cell which satisfies the condition of being selected or
reselected by UE. When the quality measure is CPICH Ec/No, only
when the measured quality of the cell is over Qqualmin then the
cell could be selected. It’s -18dB by default.If value of the
parameter is increased, it’s harder for the cell to satisfy the
condition of being selected. If value of the parameter is
decreased, it’s easier for the cell to satisfy the condition of
being selected.
Range and Step ［ 1 ， 16 ］ dB step 1dB
Default Value 16dB
Configuration Path View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic function
configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and Reselection information-
>UltranCellXXX->Qqualmin-offset

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 Minimum Required Received Level in the Cell

Parameter Name QRxLevMin

Description This parameter indicates the minimum required received power
level of the cell which satisfies the condition of being selected or
reselected by UE. When the quality measure is CPICH RSCP, only
when the measured received power level of the cell is over
Qrxlevmin then the cell could be selected. If value of the
parameter is increased, it’s harder for the cell to satisfy the
condition of being selected. If value of the parameter is
decreased, it’s easier for the cell to satisfy the condition of
being selected.
Range and Step ［ 2 ， 16 ］ dBm step 2dBm
Default Value 16dBm
Configuration Path View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic function
configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and Reselection
information->UltranCellXXX->Minimum Required Received Level
in the Cell (Qrxlevmin)

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 Sintrasearch Configuration Tag

Parameter SIntraSearchPre
Name
Description This parameter is a switch indicating whether Sintrasearch is
configured or not. If the value is False, Sintrasearch is not
configured to UE and UE performs periodical intra-
frequency measurement. If the value is True, Sintrasearch is
configured to UE, and UE judges whether to perform the
intra-frequency measurement.
Range and Step False: Not configured to UE.
True: Configured to UE.
Default Value True: Configured to UE.
Configuration View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic function
Path configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and Reselection
information->UltranCellXXX-> Sintrasearch Configuration
Tag

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 Intra-Frequency Measurement Trigger Threshold
for Cell Reselection

Parameter Name Sintrasearch

Description This parameter indicates the intra-frequency measurement triggering
threshold for cell reselection (Sintrasearch) used by UE to judge whether intra-
frequency measurement should be performed. When HCS is not used, if
the quality of serving cell exceeds S intrasearch, UE doesn’t perform intra-
frequency measurement. If the quality of serving cell is not larger than
Sintrasearch or if Sintrasearch is not configured, UE performs intra-frequency
measurement. Sintrasearch is delivered to the UE, if its value is increased, it’s
easier for the UE to trigger intra-frequency measurement. If value of the
parameter is decreased, it’s harder for the UE to trigger intra-frequency
measurement.
Range and Step ［ 0 ， 20 ］ dB Step 2dB

Default Value 14dB

Configuration Path View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic function

configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and Reselection information-
>UltranCellXXX->Intra-Frequency Measurement Trigger Threshold for Cell
Reselection (Sintrasearch)

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 Sintersearch Configuration Tag

Parameter SInterSearchPre
Name
Description This parameter is a switch which indicates whether
Sintersearch is configured or not. If the value is False, Sintersearch
is not configured to UE and UE performs periodical inter-
frequency measurement. If the value is True, Sintersearch is
configured to UE, and UE judges whether to perform the
inter-frequency measurement.
Range and Step False: Not configured to UE.
True: Configured to UE.
Default Value True: Configured to UE.
Configuration View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic
Path function configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and
Reselection information->UltranCellXXX->Sintersearch
Configuration Tag

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 Inter-Frequency Measurement Trigger Threshold
for Cell Reselection

Parameter Name Sintersearch

Description This parameter indicates the inter-frequency measurement triggering
threshold for cell reselection (Sintersearch) used by UE to judge whether inter-
frequency measurement should be performed. When HCS is not used, if
the quality of serving cell exceeds S intersearch, UE doesn’t perform inter-
frequency measurement. If the quality of serving cell is not larger than
Sintersearch or if Sintersearch is not configured, UE performs inter-frequency
measurement. When Sintersearch is delivered to the UE, if its value is increased,
it’s easier for the UE to trigger inter-frequency measurement. If value of
the parameter is decreased, it’s harder for the UE to trigger inter-
frequency measurement.
Range and Step ［ 0 ， 20 ］ dB Step 2dB

Default Value 10dB

Configuration Path View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic function

configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and Reselection information-
>UltranCellXXX->Inter-Frequency Measurement Trigger Threshold for Cell
Reselection (Sintersearch)

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 Inter-system Information Configuration Tag

Parameter OtherRATInfoPre
Name
Description This parameter is a switch indicating whether inter-RAT
information parameters used for cell reselection are configured
or not. If the value is False, inter-RAT information parameters are
not configured to UE and UE performs periodical inter-RAT
measurement. If the value is True, inter-RAT information
parameters are configured to UE, and UE judges whether to
perform the inter-RAT measurement.
Range and Step False: Not configured to UE.
True: Configured to UE.
Default Value True: Configured to UE.
Configuration Path View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic function
configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and Reselection
information->UltranCellXXX->Inter-System Information
Configuration Tag

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 Inter-System Measurement Trigger Threshold
for Cell Reselection

Parameter Name Ssearch,RAT

Description This parameter indicates the inter-RAT measurement triggering threshold
for cell reselection (Ssearch,RAT) used by UE to judge whether inter-RAT
measurement should be performed. When HCS is not used, if the quality of
serving cell exceeds Ssearch,RAT, UE may choose to not perform inter-RAT
measurement. If the quality of serving cell is not larger than S search,RAT or if
Ssearch,RAT is not configured, UE performs inter-RAT measurement. When
Ssearch,RAT is delivered to the UE, if its value is increased, it’s easier for the
UE to trigger inter-RAT measurement. If value of the parameter is
decreased, it’s harder for the UE to trigger inter-RAT measurement.
Range and Step ［ 0 ， 20 ］ dB Step 2dB

Default Value 6dB

Configuration Path View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic function

configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and Reselection information-
>UltranCellXXX->Inter-System Measurement Trigger Threshold for Cell
Reselection (Ssearch,RAT)

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 Reselection Hysteresis 1 of Serving Cell
Parameter Qhyst1s
Name
Description This parameter indicates the hysteresis value for FDD cells in
case the quality measure for cell selection and reselection is set
to CPICH RSCP. In cell-ranking criterion R of cell reselection, the
R value of serving cell equals to the measured value plus the
hysteresis value. If value of the parameter is increased, it’s
harder to trigger cell reselection as the R value of the serving cell
will increase. If value of the parameter is decreased, it’s easier
to trigger cell reselection as the R value of the serving cell will
decrease.
Range and Step ［ 0 ， 40 ］ dB step 2dB
Default Value 10dB
Configuration Path View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic function
configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and Reselection
information->UltranCellXXX->Reselection Hysteresis 1 of
Serving Cell (QHyst1s)

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 Reselection Hysteresis 2 of Serving Cell

Parameter Qhyst2s
Name
Description This parameter indicates the hysteresis value for FDD cells in case the
quality measure for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH Ec/No. In
cell-ranking criterion R of cell reselection, the R value of serving cell
equals to the measured value plus Qhyst2 s. If value of the parameter is
increased, it’s harder to trigger cell reselection as the R value of the
serving cell will increase. If value of the parameter is decreased, it’s
easier to trigger cell reselection as the R value of the serving cell will
decrease.
Range and Step ［ 0 ， 40 ］ dB step 2dB
Default Value 2dB
Configuration Path View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic function
configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and Reselection information-
>UltranCellXXX->Reselection Hysteresis 2 of Serving Cell (QHyst2s)

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 Quality Offset 1 Between Serving Cell and
Neighbouring Cell
Parameter Name Qoffset1s,n
Description This parameter indicates the quality offset of the serving cell and
neighbor cell when the quality measure is CPICH RSCP. This
parameter is required when queues cells in the cell reselection
rule. This parameter is broadcast to UE in SIB11. R of neighbor cell
= measured signal quality of neighbor cell - this offset. If value of
the parameter is increased, it’s harder to trigger cell reselection
as the R value of the neighbor cell will decrease. If value of the
parameter is decreased, it’s easier to trigger cell reselection as
the R value of neighbor cell will probably increase.
Range and Step OMCR ：［ -50 ， 50 ］ dB
Default Value 0dB
Configuration View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic function
Path configuration->UltranCell->adjacent relation configuration-
>Neighbouring cell->Quality Offset 1(Qoffset1 s,n ) Between
Serving Cell and Neighbouring Cell Broadcasted in SIB11

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 Quality Offset 2 Between Serving Cell and
Neighbouring Cell

Parameter Name Qoffset2s,n

Description This parameter indicates the quality offset of the serving cell and
neighbor cell when the quality measure is CPICH Ec/No. This
parameter is required when queues cells in the cell reselection
rule. This parameter is broadcast to UE in SIB11. R of neighbor cell
= measured signal quality of neighbor cell - this offset. If value of
the parameter is increased, it’s harder to trigger cell reselection
as the R value of the neighbor cell will decrease. If value of the
parameter is decreased, it’s easier to trigger cell reselection as
the R value of neighbor cell will increase.
Range and Step OMCR ：［ -50 ， 50 ］ dB
Default Value 0dB
Configuration View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic function
Path configuration->UltranCell->adjacent relation configuration-
>Neighbouring cell->Quality Offset 2(Qoffset2 s,n ) Between
Serving Cell and Neighbouring Cell Broadcasted in SIB11

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 Cell Reselection Timer Value

Parameter Treselections
Name
Description This parameter indicates the cell reselection timer value. UE will reselect
the new cell if the new cell is best ranked according to the criterion R
during a time interval indicated by Treselection and the new cell can be
selected as new serving cell only after extension of the reselection timer.
If value of the parameter is increased, it’s harder to trigger cell
reselection. If value of the parameter is decreased, it’s easier to trigger
cell reselection.
Range and Step ［ 0 ， 31 ］ s step 1s
Default Value 1s
Configuration Path View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic function
configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and Reselection information-
>UltranCellXXX->Cell Reselection Timer Value (Treselections)

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 Cell Barred Indicator

Parameter CellBarredInd
Name
Description This parameter is cell barred indicator. If the cell barred
indicator is set to “Barred”, UEs are not permitted to
select/re-select this cell, even for emergency calls.
Range and Step 1: Barred
2: Not Barred
Default Value 2: Not Barred
Configuration View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic
Path function configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and
Reselection information->UltranCellXXX->Cell Barred
Indicator

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 Intra-frequency Cell Reselection Indicator

Parameter InFreqReselInd
Name
Description This parameter is intra-frequency cell reselection indicator. If cell
is barred, if the value of this parameter is “Allowed”, UE is
allowed to select other intra-frequency cell in case it satisfies the
cell selection/relection condition. If it is set “Not Allowed”,
when cell is barred, UE will not select another intra-frequency
cell.
Range and Step 0: Allowed
1: Not Allowed
Default Value 0: Allowed
Configuration Path View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic function
configuration->UltranCell->Cell Selection and Reselection
information->UltranCellXXX->Intra-frequency Cell Reselection
Indicator

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 Broadcast in either SIB11 or SIB11bis

Parameter Sib11orSib11bis
Name
Description This parameter indicates UTRAN neighbour cells are
broadcasted in either SIB11 or SIB11bis, the default
parameter is SIB11. If there are so many neighbour cells,
and the size of system message larger than 3552bit,
select part of cells broadcast in SIB11bis
Range and Step 0: SIB11
1: SIB11bis
Default Value 0: SIB11
Configuration View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic
Path function configuration->UltranCell->adjacent relation
configuration->Neighbouring cell->Broadcast in either
SIB11 or SIB11bis

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 Measurement Priority of Neighboring Cell

Parameter MeasPrio
Name
Description This parameter indicates the measurement priority of the
neighboring cell. The smaller value it is, the higher
priority the cell has.
Range and Step ［0，2］
Default Value 0
Configuration View->Configuration Management->ME>UMTS logic
Path function configuration->UltranCell->adjacent relation
configuration->Neighbouring cell->Measurement
Priority of Neighboring Cell

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Contents

 Strategy of PLMN Selection

 Strategy of Cell Selection and Reselection
 Strategy of LA and RA Update
 Strategy of URA Update
 Strategy of CELL Update

40
 Strategy of LA and RA Update

 If the LAI or RAI reading from system informations are different

from those stored in USIM before the UE switches off, the UE will
perform LA or RA update.
 When the UE is in IDLE mode then moves to a new LA or RA or
PLMN, it will perform update.
 The process of LA or RA update is controlled by CN and is
transparently transmitted as the RAN is concerned.
 There are three types of update: normal update, periodic update
and IMSI attach and detach.

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 LA and RA Structure

 The LA is an area to which the CN sends a paging message for

circuit switched service and the RA is an area to which the CN
sends a paging message for packet switched services. Each area,
LA or RA, may consist of several cells of one or more RNC, which
are connected to the same core network. Each cell could belong
to only one LA and one RA.

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 Normal LA and RA Updating

 Normal update is performed when the UE moves in a cell

belonging to a new LA or RA. The UE reads the LAI and the RAI in
the system information and detects that one or both of the
received area identities differ from the ones stored on the USIM.
If the LAI or RAI received from the system information is not in
the forbidden LAIs or RAIs list, an LA or RA update request is sent
by the UE.

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 Periodic LA and RA Updating

 Periodic LA and RA updating is used to notify the network of the

UEs availability, and to avoid unnecessary paging attempts for a
UE that has lost coverage and is not able to inform the CN that it
is inactive. The periodic LA update procedure is controlled by a
timer, called t3212, whose value is sent to UEs with broadcast
message. The periodic RA update is controlled by a timer, called
t3312, whose value is sent by the CN to the UE in the IMSI attach
or in the routing area update message accept.

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 Location Update Flow
System Information

RRC Connection Setup

NAS Connection

RRC Connection Release

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 IMSI Attach/Detach

 the UE sends an “attach” or “detach” message when it is

powered on or off indicating whether the UE is active or inactive.
The CN avoids performing paging attempts when IMSI detach is
applied and the UE is switched off. When the UE is switched on,
the UE performs a location registration request, indicating IMSI
attach, if it is in the same LA or RA in which it was switched off. If
the registration area is changed, a normal LA update is
performed by the UE.

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Contents

 Strategy of PLMN Selection

 Strategy of Cell Selection and Reselection
 Strategy of LA and RA Update
 Strategy of URA Update
 Strategy of CELL Update

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 Strategy of URA Update

 If the new cell that the UE camps on is not in the same URA area
as the former cell that the UE camps on, the URA Update is
triggered.
 The UE enters a cell that has no URAs defined. This will trigger a
release of the RRC Connection and the UE enters Idle mode.

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 Process of URA Update

UE UTRAN

URA UPDATE

URA UPDATE CONFIRM

UE UTRAN

URA UPDATE

RRC CONNECTION RELEASE

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Contents

 Strategy of PLMN Selection

 Strategy of Cell Selection and Reselection
 Strategy of LA and RA Update
 Strategy of URA Update
 Strategy of CELL Update

50
 Strategy of CELL Update

 Cell reselection in state CELL_FACH.

 Radio link failure in state CELL_DCH.
 T305 periodic cell update.
 The UE in state URA_PCH sends data in uplink.
 The UE in state CELL_FACH/CELL_DCH detects that an RLC
unrecoverable error of AM RLC entity.

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 Process of CELL Update
UE UTRAN

CELL UPDATE

CELL UPDATE CONFIRM UE UTRAN

CELL UPDATE

CELL UPDATE CONFIRM

UE UTRAN
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
CELL UPDATE

CELL UPDATE CONFIRM

RADIO BEARER
RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE

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Thank you