REVIEW OF RELATED

LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
Research in Daily Life 1
Myla N. Gabinete
 REVIEW OF
PREVIOUS
LESSON
Differentiate the following terms
Research Topic
Research Problem
Purpose Statement
Research Questions
"The difficulty of literature is not to
write, but to write what you mean."

Robert Louis Stevenson

 Objectives

Identify relevant data to Write a coherent review of

01 your study 04 the literature

Cite related literature

02 using the standard style

Synthesize information
03 from relevant related
literature
 Introduction

A researcher must be fully equipped with

background knowledge about the subject
matter being studied. Reading about
related kinds of literature and studies is a
basic step that could guide the researcher
in accomplishing his study.
What is Literature?
A. Literature is an imaginary work without
basis.
B. Literature is a process of executing various
mental acts to solve a problem.
C. Literature is information about a subject
written or recorded by experts.
 Unlocking Difficulties

Related Literature are information that

contains discussions of facts and
principles to which the present study is
related.
Related Studies are studies, inquiries, or
investigations already conducted which
are similar to the proposed study.
Why do you need to do Review
of Literature?
• To familiarize yourself with the current state
of knowledge on your topic
• To ensure that you’re not just repeating
what others have already done
• To identify gaps in knowledge and
unresolved problems that your research can
address
• To develop your theoretical framework
and methodology
• To provide an overview of the key findings
and debates on the topic
The objective of a literature review is to
discuss and analyze what has been said
previously on a subject, as well as to assess
the relevance of this knowledge to your
study.
Forms of Review of
Related Literature
Which literature review introduces several
theories or concepts which focus on a specific
topic?
A. methodological review
B. theoretical review
C. integrative review
D. context review
Forms of Review of Related Literature

Integrative Review

Methodological Review

Theoretical Review
Integrative Review
• researcher introduces and summarizes
the recent knowledge of the study.
• emphasizes the agreements and
disagreements of knowledge among
various previous researches.
Integrative Review

• also considers reviews, critiques, and

synthesizes representative literature in
an integrated way to generate new
structure and viewpoint on the topic.
Methodical Review

• The researcher gathers and compares

other studies to the current research.
• Summarizes and evaluates the strengths and
gaps in methodological aspects of various
studies and illustrates the effects of different
methodologies on different outcomes
Theoretical Review
• the researcher introduces several theories
or concepts that are focused on a specific
topic.
• It is focused on the theories and concepts
being highlighted in other research and
compare them to the current study basing
on its framework, hypothesis, consistency,
and justification.
Theoretical Review
• aids in establishing the theories that
already exist, the relationships of theories
among various studies, the degree of its
investigation, and the development of new
hypotheses.
What are the different types of
sources?

Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Tertiary Sources
 Types of Sources

Primary Secondary Tertiary

Information describe the these are syntheses
came work of of primary and
directly another secondary
from the person sources
author
Where can you find related
literatures and studies?
Sources of Literatures and Studies

Books Dissertations

Scholarly Government
Journals Documents
Sources of Literatures and Studies

Policy Reports and

Presented Papers

Periodicals
When should you start in
reviewing related literatures
and studies?
 TAKE NOTE!
The researcher must have already read adequate
literature at the start of the research activity
How will you select a relevant
material?
Guidelines in Selecting a Relevant Literature

• Review the precise definition of the research

problem
• Formulate search terms (key words or phrases)
• Search for relevant and credible sources
• Read and evaluate the materials
Guidelines in Selecting a Relevant Literature
Take note of the following to identify the most
relevant.
1. What is the main problem presented?
2. What are the key theories, models, or methods
used in the study?
3. What are the findings and conclusion?
4. What are the key insights and arguments?
5. What are the strengths and weaknesses?
Guidelines in Selecting a Relevant Literature

• List the bibliographical data

• Check the references/bibliography to look for

other relevant sources.
While taking notes, it will be ideal to summarize or
paraphrase each source

A summary is the shortened version of the text

describing only the main points. Paraphrase is a
restatement of a text using your own words without
changing its meaning.
In-text Citation and
Referencing Styles
 Citation

● is a way of acknowledging the

publications and studies of
other scholars or authors
referenced in your own paper.
Why do we need to recognize the authors
cited in our research work?
A. To highlight the work of another
researcher
B. To show respect for others intellectual
property
C. To emphasize the credibility of the
researcher
 TYPES OF CITATION
In-text Citations are brief reference that
appears throughout your paper. It tells your
reader who or where that particular idea came
from.
Reference or Bibliography is located at the
end part of your paper that contains the
complete list of reading materials used to
accomplish your research study
 Standard Styles of Citation

• MLA style or the Modern Language

Association in the humanities.
• APA style or the American Psychological
Association in psychology and education.
• Chicago notes and bibliography in history.
• Chicago author-date in the sciences.
 In-text Citation Format
• MLA style
 In-text Citation Format
• APA Style
 In-text Citation Format
• Chicago Manual of Style
 In-text Citation Format
• Chicago Manual of Style
 Synthesizing Related Literature

Synthesis is a discussion
containing your inference to
different sources and how
these ideas, theories, or
findings relate to your study.
 The 5 C’s of Synthesizing a Literature Review

1. Cite: keep the primary focus on the

literature
2. Compare the literature's various
claims, hypotheses, methodologies,
methods, and observations what do
the authors agree on? Who employs
similar approaches?
 The 5 C’s of Synthesizing a Literature Review
3. Contrast the literature's various
discussions, themes, methodologies,
methods, and controversies: what are the
major areas of disagreement,
controversy, debate?
4. Critique the literature by identifying which
arguments are more persuasive, and
why?
 The 5 C’s of Synthesizing a Literature Review
5. Connect the literature to your
area of research and
investigation: How does your
thesis reflect on, differ from, or
synthesize what has already
been said in the literature?
What are the parts of a literature
review?

Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Three Main Parts of a Literature Review
What is PLAGIARISM?

Plagiarism is an act of copying

the work or idea of other writer
without giving them proper
recognition
Ethical Standards in Writing the Literature Review
To ensure credibility, academic
honesty, and integrity among
researchers, a set of ethical
standards or guidelines should be
followed when writing a literature
review
Ethical Standards in Writing the Literature Review

1. Always acknowledge the source of

information whether it is a primary or
secondary source to avoid plagiarism.
2. Recognize the ideas, theories, and
original conceptualizations of others
by properly acknowledging them.
Ethical Standards in Writing the Literature Review

3. Be thorough in the studies you'll

include in your literature review. Make
sure that major studies have been
carefully reviewed, and minor studies
that add substantially to your subject
are also included.