CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
1) ________ is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.
Talent A
B Skill
Knowledge C
D Heredity
Personality E
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
1’) According to Gordon Allport, ________ is defined as the dynamic organization within the individual
of those psychophysical systems that determine a person's unique adjustments to his/her environment.
Cognitive dissonance A
B Heredity
Personality C
D Descent
Genealogy E
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
2) Which of the following is a drawback of self-report surveys?
They can hold only a limited
number of questions
A
They involve a large number of
They may have biased results
B people in the evaluation process
if the surveyor's judgment is C
biased
They may result in the
D They comprise a large number
of complex statistical data
respondent lying to create a E
good impression
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
3) Tracy Winter works at a publishing firm in London and recently received an e-mail from the
human resource department of her company asking her to study the behavior of a colleague, Cindy
Camp, including her attention toward her work, without Camp’s knowledge. Winter now needs to
scrutinize Camp's behavior and notice if she is free from distractions and pays sufficient attention to
her tasks. Which of the following is Winter conducting?
Observer-ratings survey A
B Informational interview
Knowledge survey C
D Participant observation
Focus group survey E
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
4) Which of the following statements is true about personality?
Personality is free from the
influence of the environment A
Personality remains
Personality can be measured
B constant over time
solely through personal C
interviews Personality is influenced
Parents highly influence
D by hereditary factors
the development of their E
offspring's personality
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
5) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________
type are practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details.
Sensing A
B Extraverted
Feeling C
D Perceiving
Intuitive E
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
6) Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly
with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows
that her rapport with her co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these
relationships. In addition, she is assertive in making decisions, and colleagues take her decisions
seriously. Which of the following types is Athers most likely to be characterized as according to the
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
Perceiving A
B Brooder
Extraverted C
D Introverted
Solitary E
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
7) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, introverted-intuitive think-
ing-judging type of people are ________.
Visionaries A
B Organizers
Conceptualizers C
D Executors
Methodists E
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
8) What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?
It has an excess of
classifications, which tends A
to confuse a person It forces a person to be
It does not have a clear
B categorized as either one type
demarcation between C or another
different personality types It tends to overemphasize
D intuitive traits over
It indicates results related
exclusively to job performance
E analytical traits
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
9) Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others?
Conscientiousness A
B Agreeableness
Extraversion C
D Openness to experience
Emotional stability E
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
10) According to the Big Five model, a person who scores ________ is easily distracted, disorganized,
and unreliable.
Low on emotional stability A
B Low on openness to
experience
High on agreeableness C
D High on extraversion
Low on conscientiousness E
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
11) Marina Lyon works as a reservation executive at a travel and tourism company. Though her
job requires her only to efficiently book flight tickets for customers, she has also opted to
undergo training to learn the process of hotel reservations. In addition, every evening she reads
travelogues to be aware of upcoming travel destinations and trends. She loves the industry she
works in and is eager to learn as much as she can. Considering the information given in this case,
which dimension of the Big Five model best describes Lyon's personality?
A Extraversion
B Agreeableness
? C Conscientiousness
D Openness to experience
E Emotional stability
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
12) Which of the following differentiates introverts from extraverts?
Introverts tend to be happier in their jobs in
A comparison to extraverts
Introverts express feelings more
B freely compared to extraverts
?
Introverts experience more positive
C emotions than extraverts.
Introverts are generally more assertive
D than extraverts
E Introverts are less impulsive than extraverts
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
13) Which of the following personality traits indicates the degree to which a person is
unemotional and pragmatic and believes that ends can justify means?
A Extraversion
B Machiavellianism
? C Agreeableness
D Self-concordance
E Narcissism
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
14) During an annual review, Michel Godfrey made the following assertion: "When I look at
myself and my performance, I see that what I have achieved is outstanding and something no
one in the organization has the capacity to undertake. Surprisingly, it has not won me the
admiration of my colleagues like it should have. I also believe that I do not just deserve a raise,
but need one, since without me, let's face it, the place would simply fall apart." Which of the
following personality traits best describes Michel's personality?
A Minimalism
B Monasticism
? C Stoicism
D Narcissism
E Machiavellianism
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
15) John Hardley recently joined as marketing director of H2O, a water sports gear company. Though
in the last five years the company has had a drastic dip in sales, ever since Hardley has joined he has
turned the figures around. In addition to revamping the look of the brand, he has initiated several
marketing campaigns through broadcast media to increase customer base for the company. Over the
past 6 months, Hardley has managed to get the company to an all-time high peak of sales. Which of
the following statements best describes Hardley?
A Hardley is a low self-monitor
B Hardley is a narcissist
? C Hardley scores high in machiavellianism
D Hardley has a proactive personality
E Hardley is a low risk-taking person
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
16) Which of the following is true regarding values?
A They are void of a judgmental element
B They are invariably fluid and flexible in nature
? C They have content and intensity attributes
They never change irrespective of external
D factors
E They are always established in a person's later years
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
17) David Myers is of the opinion that people who drive SUVs are rash drivers. He feels that
people driving SUVs do not respect road rules and always violate traffic regulations. What
personal factor is most likely to be affecting Myers' perception of SUV drivers?
A His financial background
B His expectations
? C His interest
D His motive
E His personality
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
18) Which of the following is an example of internally caused behavior?
An employee was late for a team meeting because of
A a heavy downpour
An employee was laid off because the company
B was attempting to cut costs by laying off employees
?
An employee was fired from work because
C he violated a company policy
An employee could not attend an interview
D because of a delayed flight
An employee could not come to work because
E he met with an accident
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
19) When individuals observe another person's behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is
internally or externally caused. Which of the following attempts to explain this phenomenon?
A Pygmalion effect
B Emotional dissonance
? C Attribution theory
D Two-factor theory
E Framing effect
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
20) Janice Yoder works in an environmental campaigning organization and often needs to interact
with a large team for project implementation activities. However, she always finds it difficult to
work as a part of a team. She always seems to have major disagreements with team members which
lead to antagonistic relations between them. Though she has moved from one team to another, her
relations with colleagues always seem to be hostile and cold. How would the attribution theory
describe this behavior?
A Low on consensus
B High on reliability
? C High on adaptability
D High on consistency
E Low on distinctiveness
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
21) Janice is late for work each day by about ten minutes.
How would attribution theory describe this behavior?
It shows consensus
A
It shows similarity
B
D It shows reliability
It shows consistency
C
E It shows distinctiveness
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
22) Naomi Fisher, a sales manager at Pure, a water purifier company, had a new member, Leah
Marshall, join her team. Though during Leah's interview, Naomi felt she would be a productive sales
executive, her performance has often been below the mark. Consistently in the past three months,
Leah has been unable to reach her targets and is falling substantially behind on her annual targets.
Naomi assumes that Leah is not determined and motivated enough to do what it takes. Which of the
following, if true, weakens Naomi’s assumption?
Leah has often arrived late for team
meetings conducted in the morning
Leah has been assigned a sales
A Research showed that the
territory where consumers are from
low income groups B D
company's largest competitor
had a lower turnover than
they did
Leah has good
C
interpersonal skills and
E
gets along well with her Naomi recently received feedback from
customers other team members that Leah is often
uncooperative
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
23) Jane Allen, a campaign manager at a non-profit organization, often takes full credit for project
successes even when her team members' contributions play a big role in achieving milestones.
However, when projects receive setbacks, she blames her team members and sometimes states that
the situation was beyond her control. Allen's behavior is an example of a(n) ________ bias.
Impact
A
Anchoring
B D Distinction
Confirmation
C E Self-serving
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
24) You are more likely to notice a car like your own due to ________.
Stereotyping
A
B
Self-serving bias
D Selective perception
Halo effect
C
E Contrast effect
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
25) Which of the following describes the halo effect?
Attributing our own successes to internal
factors and failures to external factors
Judging someone on the basis of
A
our perception of the group to
which he or she belongs B Drawing a general
Interpreting a person's D impression about an
individual on the basis of
behavior in comparison
to others recently
C a single characteristic
encountered
E Underestimating the influence of
external factors when making
judgments about people
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
26) Which of the following is a shortcut used in judging others by making generalizations?
Hindsight bias
A
B
Randomness error
D Illusory superiority
Stereotyping
C
E Telescoping effect
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
27) A(n) ________ refers to a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state.
A
Problem
Decision
B
D Intuition
Instinct C
E Perception
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
28) A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential
features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as ________.
A
Optimal decision making
Intuitive decision making
B
D Incremental decision
making
Bounded rationality C
E Active selection
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
29) The tendency to seek out information that reaffirms past choices and to discount
information that contradicts past judgments is known as a(n) ________ bias.
Distinction
A
Omission
B
D Confirmation
Impact
C
E Anchoring
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP
30) Which of the following is a component of the three-component model of creativity?
Expertise
A
B
Logical thinking skills
D Intuition
Extrinsic task
motivation C
E Analytical skills
ĐÁP ÁN
1) C. Personality 16) C. They have content and intensity attributes
2) E. They may result in the respondent lying to 17) B. His expectations
create a good impression 18) C. An employee was fired from work because
3) A. Observer-ratings survey he violated a company policy
4) D. Personality is influenced by hereditary 19) C. Attribution theory
factors 20) D. High on consistency
5) A. Sensing 21) C. It shows consistency
6) C. Extraverted 22) B. Leah has been assigned a sales territory
7) A. Visionaries where consumers are from low income groups
8) B. It forces a person to be categorized as 23) E. Self-serving
either one type or another 24) D. Selective perception
9) B. Agreeableness 25) D. Drawing a general impression about an
10) E. Low on conscientiousness individual on the basis of a single characteristic
11) D. Openness to experience 26) C. Stereotyping
12) E. Introverts are less impulsive than 27) A. Problem
extraverts 28) C. Bounded rationality
13) B. Machiavellianism 29) D. Confirmation
14) D. Narcissism 30) A. Expertise
15) D. Hardley has a proactive personality
GIẢI THÍCH
C) The definition of personality we most frequently use
was produced by Gordon Allport nearly 70 years ago. He
said personality is "the dynamic organization within the
1) C Explanation individual of those psychophysical systems that determine
his unique adjustments to his environment."
E) The most common means of measuring personality is
through self-report surveys. Though self-report measures
work well when well-constructed, one weakness is that the
2) E Explanation respondent might lie or practice impression management to
create a good impression
A) Observer-ratings surveys provide an independent
assessment of personality. In such surveys, a co-worker
3) A Explanation or another observer does the rating, with or without the
subject's knowledge
GIẢI THÍCH
D) Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual
reacts to and interacts with others. Personality appears to be a
result of both hereditary and environmental factors, and it
4) D Explanation changes over time. Research suggests that parents don't add
much to their offspring's personality development.
A) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
classification, people belonging to the sensing type are
5) A Explanation practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details
C) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
classification, extraverted people are outgoing, sociable,
6) C Explanation and assertive, whereas introverted people are quiet and shy.
GIẢI THÍCH
A) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
classification, people with an INTJ (introverted, intuitive,
thinking, judging) personality type are visionaries with original
7) A Explanation
minds and great drive. They are skeptical, critical, independent,
determined, and often stubborn
B) A problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is that it
forces a person into one type or another. For instance, if one
8) B Explanation is not introverted or extraverted, there is no in-between,
though in reality people can be both extraverted and
introverted to some degree.
B) The agreeableness dimension refers to an individual's
propensity to defer to others. Highly agreeable people are
9) B Explanation cooperative, warm, and trusting. People who score low on
agreeableness are cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic
GIẢI THÍCH
E) According to the Big Five model, a person who scores
low on conscientiousness is easily distracted,
10) E Explanation disorganized, and unreliable.
D) The openness to experience dimension addresses range of
interests and fascination with novelty. Extremely open people
are creative, curious, and artistically sensitive. Those at the
11) D Explanation other end of the openness category are conventional and find
comfort in the familiar.
E) Compared to introverts, extraverts tend to be happier in
their jobs and in their lives as a whole. Extraverts are more
socially dominant than introverts and experience more
12) E Explanation positive emotions than introverts. Extraverts are also more
assertive than introverts and more impulsive than introverts.
GIẢI THÍCH
B) Machiavellianism refers to the degree to which an
individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and
13) B Explanation believes that ends can justify means.
D) Michel is a narcissist. Narcissism is the tendency to be
arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require
14) D Explanation excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.
D) People with proactive personalities identify
opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere
until meaningful change occurs. They create positive
15) D Explanation change in the environment regardless of constraints or
obstacles
GIẢI THÍCH
C) Values contain a judgmental element in that they carry an
individual's ideas as to what is right, good, or desirable.
Values have both content and intensity attributes. Values tend
16) C Explanation to be relatively stable and enduring. A significant portion of
the values we hold is established in our early years. Values
may change, but more often they are reinforced.
B) Myers expects all SUV drivers to be dangerous. His
expectations are what color his perception. The example
17) B Explanation doesn't explain why he expects this, although it could be from
a previous bad experience.
C) Internally caused behaviors are those we believe to be
18) C Explanation under the personal control of the individual.
GIẢI THÍCH
C) Attribution theory is an attempt to determine whether an
individual's behavior is internally or externally caused. We
judge people differently, depending on the meaning we
19) C Explanation attribute to a given behavior. Attribution theory suggests that
when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to
determine whether it was internally or externally caused.
D) Consistency in a person's actions means that the person
responds the same way over time to the same situation. Yoder
20) D Explanation has had hostile relationships with colleagues over a long
period of time. Thus, her behavior shows consistency.
C) Consistency in a person's actions means that the person
responds the same way over time to the same situation. An
employee who hasn't been late for several months is
21) C Explanation perceived differently than an employee who is late two or
three times a week. Janice demonstrates high consistency in
tardiness.
GIẢI THÍCH
B) The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and
overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about
the behavior of others refers to the fundamental attribution error. If Leah is
assigned a sales territory where consumers are from low income groups, this
22) B Explanation shows that she does not necessarily lack the ability to perform and that
external constraints are the reason for her underperformance. It thus weakens
Naomi's assumption. If Leah often arrives late for meetings, it strengthens
Naomi's assumption because it indicates that Leah is not motivated. Good
interpersonal skills do not necessarily mean that a person is motivated, and
hence, this does not weaken Naomi's assumption. Research showing that the
company's largest competitor had a lower turnover than them is irrelevant to
the assumption
23) E Explanation E) Individuals and organizations tend to attribute their own
successes to internal factors such as ability or effort and place
the blame for failure on external factors such as bad luck or
unproductive co-workers. This is known as a self-serving bias
D) Because we can't observe everything going on about us,
24) D Explanation we engage in selective perception. Selective perception
allows us to "speed-read" others. Due to selective
perception, we are more likely to notice cars like our own.
GIẢI THÍCH
D) We tend to draw a general impression about an individual
on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence,
25) D Explanation sociability, or appearance. This is known as halo effect.
C) Stereotyping is defined as judging someone on the
basis of one's perception of the group to which that person
26) C Explanation belongs. Relying on this type of generalization helps a
person make decisions quickly.
A) A problem refers to a discrepancy between the current
state of affairs and some desired state. Decision making
27) A Explanation occurs as a reaction to a problem.
GIẢI THÍCH
C) The human mind cannot formulate and solve complex
problems with full rationality. Thus, they operate within the
confines of bounded rationality. The process of making
28) C Explanation decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the
essential features from problems without capturing all their
complexity is known as bounded rationality.
D) The confirmation bias represents a specific case of
selective perception. People seek out information that
reaffirms past choices and discount information that
contradicts them. They also tend to accept at face value
29) D Explanation information that confirms their preconceived views, while
they are critical and skeptical of information that challenges
these views
A) Expertise is the foundation for all creative work. The
potential for creativity is enhanced when individuals have
30) A Explanation abilities, knowledge, proficiencies, and similar expertise in
their field of endeavor.
