Name : M d.
Aliujjaman Roll No. :
11001419037
Sub : Indian
Constitution Sub
Code : M C 801A
Constitution Of India
✔ Intro &
✔ Making
History
✔ Preamble
Presentation ✔ Fundamental Rights
✔ Directive Principles
Main Points ✔ The Federal
Structure
Introduction
The Indian Constitution is the supreme law of India. It was enacted on
26th November, 1949 and came into effect on 26th January, 1950.The
Constitution outlines the powers and responsibilities of the government
and guarantees certain fundamental rights to citizens. It serves as a
blueprint for a democratic and federal nation. It is one of the longest
constitutions in the world, consisting of 448 articles in 22 parts and 12
schedules..
Making of the
Constitution
The Constituent Assembly was set up in 1946 to draft a
Constitution for India.The assembly was comprised of
elected representatives from different provinces and
princely states.The Constitution was adopted by the
assembly on 26th November, 1949, and was later ratified
by the constituent assembly on 26th January, 1950.The
Constitution was a result of extensive discussions,
debates, and negotiations among its framers.It reflects
the aspirations, values, and diversity of the Indian
people.
Preamble to the Constitution
The Preamble to the Constitution sets out the objectives and purposes of the Constitution. It states that India is a
Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic. The Preamble lays down the fundamental principles and
values that guide the functioning of the government. It declares that the Constitution is enacted for securing to all
its citizens justice, social, economic and political; liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship;
equality of status and of opportunity. The Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution and has been interpreted
by the courts as a source of guidance in interpreting the Constitution.
Fundamental Rights
The Constitution guarantees six Fundamental Rights to all citizens: Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right
against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, and Right to
Constitutional Remedies. These rights are essential for protecting the dignity, liberty, and equality of citizens
and ensuring their well-being. Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution and are
protected by the courts. The government may restrict the exercise of these rights in certain circumstances, but
any such restriction must be reasonable and justified. The Constitution also provides for Fundamental Duties,
which are duties that citizens owe to the nation and society.
Directive Principles of State
Policy
The Directive Principles of State Policy set out the goals and objectives that the government should strive to
achieve. These principles cover a wide range of areas, such as social justice, economic development,
political democracy, and international peace. Unlike Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles are not
enforceable by the courts. However, they serve as a guide for the government in making policies and laws.
The Directive Principles also reflect the aspirations and values of the Indian people and are an important
part of the Constitution.
The Federal
Structure
The Constitution establishes a federal structure of government in India, with powers divided between the Union
government and state governments. The Union government has exclusive powers in areas such as foreign affairs,
defense, and taxation. The state governments have exclusive powers in areas such as education, public health,
and police. There is also a system of cooperation and coordination between the Union and state governments in
areas of common concern. The federal structure provides a balance between the needs of the nation as a whole
and the needs of the states, and helps to maintain unity and stability in the country.
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