Smart Traffic Signal

System

Group 11
Team Members-
Parth Vishwas Bhalerao (65)
Piyush Deorao Pilare (66)
Pukhraj Prashantraj Rathkanthiwar (69)
Rachit Kumar Pankaj Kumar Patel (70)

Guide - Prof.Nishant Borkar

Department of Electronics & Communication Engg.
 Problem Statement/objectives
Problem Statement:

To convert static regular time based traffic system into a dynamic traffic density controlled based,
using IR sensor.

Project Objectives:

1. Effective traffic management will lead to better utilization of transportation infrastructure.

2. Dynamic traffic signals in prime areas will reduce regular congestion, as result there will be less
air pollution and increase in air quality.
3. Problems such as wastage of fuel, emergency case could be overcome through this proposed
system. This system aims at saving a large amount of waiting hours caused by traffic deadlocks,
where control can save time and property.
 Existing Solutions/Literature Survey
• Present conventional traffic system fails to provide traffic status about congested roads, alternate
routes etc.

• Traffic lights are commonly used devices to regulate roadway intersection traffic with a view to
both safety and smoothness of vehicle flow, for generations where it is still considered the best
practices.

• The current traffic control systems (TCS) within the metro cities of India are inefficient due to
randomness within the traffic density pattern throughout the day. The traffic light timers have a
hard and fast period to modify traffic between different directions. Due to this, the vehicles need
to wait an extended time albeit the traffic density is extremely less.

• If the traffic light timer (TST) is often programmed to be manipulated with the continuously
varying traffic density, the matter of traffic jam can be often reduced to a significantly lower
level.
 Proposed solution
● The main aim of this solution is to convert current static time based traffic system
into a vehicle density based smart traffic system.
● We are using IR sensors to sense the obstacle from vehicles.
● On each road of intersection , sensors will be planted , for sensing traffic.
● If the traffic is more than the specified road limit , then an additional time of green
signal must be given to that particular lane of intersection.
● Also , the system is connected to IOT platform , on which a facility of green-corridor
buttons for respective lanes is given , activating which will lead to green signal on
that lane till the button is set off.
Block Diagram
 Description of Block Diagram
● As shown in the Block Diagram on each lane a has a sensor planted, the purpose of
sensor is to collect data related to traffic density.
● The lights in each lane and the sensor belonging to respective lanes are all connected
to several parts of microcontroller 8051.
● The 8051 microcontroller is connected to a development board called as wemos D1
mini, which has a built-in ESP8266 wifi-module, and operates on a clock speed of
80Mhz/160Mhz.
● The power supply circuit is present which aims in providing required voltage to all
the respective blocks as per their requirements.
● The development board D1 mini is integrated with the IOT cloud platform for
monitoring and controlling purposes.
Circuit Diagram And Its Working
 Important Points On Circuit
● Each lane has an IR sensors Diagram
planted on them.
● The port 0 of the 8051 is connected to the IR sensor output pins.
● Port 2 and Port 3 pins of 8051 micro controller are occupied by 12 leds from all the
FOUR lanes.
● The four pins of port 1 i.e P1.0 , P1.1 , P1.2 , P1.3 , are connected to D1 , D2 , D3 ,
D4 pins of Wemos D1-mini development board respectively.
● The job of these four connections is to activate the emergency signal which will be
sent to these four pins to activate the emergency green signal in the respective
signals.
● D5 , D6 , D7 , D8 pins of Wemos D1-mini are connected to Blue LEDs respectively.
● A crystal of frequency 11.059-MHz is connected to Xtal-1 & Xtal-2 pins of 8051,
along with capacitors , to provide it clock speed.
PCB design
Important Points on PCB Design and Art
Work
● As we can observe from the diagram above , the final size of PCB is approximately
around 4-Inches x 3-Inches.
● In the left hand side of the design , the provision for DC-female jack , IC-7805 ,
Resistors & Capacitors is given.
● The circuit on the left side of design is implemented to step-down the input of 9-volts
to 5-volts , or else extra power supply can lead to damage of components.
● Then a copper track is given to supply 5-volts to Vcc pins of 8051 and D-mini
respectively.
● In Port-0 , Port-1 , Port-2 & Port-3 of 8051 , footprints for ports is given , for wire
connection.
● Similarly , the ports are assigned to the pins of D1-mini for wire connection.
● The PCB design is efficient and compact for the circuit implementation.
Flowchart for 8051
Flowchart for D1-Mini
IOT Interface : (UBIDOTS)
 Result
• The circuit designed is running successfully and is showing the desired
output.

• The code implementation is perfect and is giving result as per the

requirements along with IOT override for green corridor (emergency).

• If the traffic (obstacle) is sensed by the sensor at a particular lane ,

then immediately a delay for extra time in green signal is observed
for that road.
 Feasibility Analysis
• The design of the model for the proposed idea is feasible and easy to implement , in practical
scenarios.
• The choice of using an 8051 micro-controller is giving us an advantage because of plenty of
available pins for input/output operations.
• Similarly , using a Wemos-D1 mini proves to be wise decision as it is less costly than other
ESP8266 category devices and is fluently able to interface with the IOT dashboard created.
• Still , a handful number of pins are still available in Wemos D1-mini as well as 8051 , in-case of
further addition to the design/model , giving us an additional convenience.
• However , as far as implementing the IR sensors is considered , instead of using an integrated
(combined) transmitter-receiver module , we must use separate IR transmitters & receivers , which
then are needed to be planted on the both sides on the lane/road and further R&D is required on it.
• Also , if we need to plant more sensors on a particular road further , then additional decoder must
be applied at the desired port of 8051.
• The design & model is cost effective and easy to implement.
Innovation or Uniqueness of the solution
● At certain junctions even if there is no traffic when the traffic light remains red the road users
have to wait until the light turns green and if rule is broken fine has to be paid. But our system
works on traffic density and if one lane has no traffic, it turns green for the next lane

● Emergency signal in the system to clear the lane with ambulance first.

● Simple circuit with 8051 microcontroller, D1 mini ESP8266 module and sensors.

● During traffic jam an emergency vehicle like ambulance, fire brigade, police are stuck and have
to wait for the traffic light to turn green. Hence this critical problem may further complicate that
costs human life. So solution to this problem can be given by having priority for emergency
vehicle to flow rapidly through the traffic while other vehicles are instructed to be still.
 Impact or Usefulness of the solution
● Provides effective traffic management.
● By enhancing the flow of traffic it will reduce the regular congestion in the prime area. This
means less waiting time at intersection and lower emissions which ultimately lead to less air
pollution and save fuel.
● During traffic jam an emergency vehicle like ambulance, fire brigade, police are stuck and have
to wait for the traffic light to turn green. Hence this critical problem may further complicate that
costs human life. This system provides an emergency signal in the lane with ambulance will be
cleared first.
● Helps in minimizing the accidents by easing the flow of traffic.
 Summary
● The system is designed to be robust, reliable, and cost effective.
● The system uses sensors mounted on traffic signals to detect the precise arrival-time of vehicles
at stop signs and as per the traffic on the lane, yielding precise advisory control over traffic
signal intensities without any physical modification to existing roadway infrastructure.
● The system can provide green corridor to emergency vehicles with effective traffic management.
● This project aims at controlling the traffic light based on vehicle density rather than providing a
fixed time to each.
 References
1. Ghazal, Bilal, et al. "Smart traffic light control system." 2016 third international conference on
electrical, electronics, computer engineering and their applications (EECEA). IEEE, 2016.
2. Díaz, Nicole, Jorge Guerra, and Juan Nicola. "Smart traffic light control system." 2018 IEEE Third
Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM). IEEE, 2018.
3. Hilmani, Adil, Abderrahim Maizate, and Larbi Hassouni. "Automated real-time intelligent traffic
control system for smart cities using wireless sensor networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile
Computing 2020 (2020).
4. Megalingam, Rajesh Kannan, et al. "Smart traffic controller using wireless sensor network for dynamic
traffic routing and over speed detection." 2011 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference.
IEEE, 2011.
 links
● https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305674408_Smart_traffic_light_control_system

● https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7470780

● https://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2020/8841893/

● https://www.ijert.org/smart-traffic-light-system-with-over-speed-detection

● https://www.ijrte.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v8i6/F7533038620.pdf