Data For Business Analytics
Presented by:
Dr Shahbaz Khan
Assistant Professor
Institute of Business Management
What is Data
BAEC0005: Business Analytics
What is Data
BAEC0005: Business Analytics
What is Data
• Data (Meaning)
– facts or information used usually to
calculate, analyze, or plan something
– information that is produced or stored by a
computer
– information in digital form that can be
transmitted or processed
(Merriam-webster Dictionary)
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What is Data
• Originally, data is plural for “datum ”, a Latin
word which mean “that is given”
• A “datum” is a single factual, a single entity,
a single point of matter
• Datums are most often called “data points”
• Data represents a collection of data points
• We speak also of datasets instead of data (so
a dataset is a collection of data points).
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Types of Data
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Dataset
• A Data set is a set or collection of data
• This set is normally presented in a tabular
pattern.
• Every column describes a particular variable,
and each row corresponds to a given member of
the data set, as per the given question
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Dataset
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Types of Dataset
• The different types of dataset are:
– Numerical/Quantitative dataset
• Bivariate dataset
• Multivariate dataset
– Categorical dataset
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Numerical dataset
• The numerical data set is a data set, where the
data are expressed in numbers rather than
natural language.
• The numerical data is always in the numbers
form, such that we can perform arithmetic
operations on it.
• Example
– Weight and height of a person
– The count of RBC in a medical report
– Number of pages present in a book
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Bivariate data set
• A data set that has two variables is called a
Bivariate data set. It deals with the relationship
between the two variables.
• Bivariate dataset usually contains two types of
related data.
• Example:
– The sales of ice cream versus the temperature on that
day. Here the two variables used are sales of ice
cream and temperature.
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Multivariate dataset
• A data set with multiple variables.
• Dataset contains three or more than three data
types (variables)
• In other words, the multivariate dataset consists
of individual measurements that are acquired as
a function of three or more than three variables.
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Categorical Data Sets
• Categorical data sets represent features or
characteristics of a person or an object. The
categorical dataset consists of a categorical
variable also called the qualitative variable, that
can take non-numerical values.
• Example:
– A person’s gender (male or female)
– Marital status (married/unmarried)
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Quiz
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Data Classification
• It is a systematic grouping of units according to
their common characteristics
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Function of Data Classification
• Simplifies and makes data more comprehensible
• Condense the data
• Brings out the points of similarity and
dissimilarity
• Comparison of characteristics
• Brings out the cause and effect relationship
• Prepare the data for tabulation
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Data are classified
• Data are classified on the several basis:
• On the basis of nature of Variable
• On the basis of Source of Collection
• On the basis of Presentation
• On the basis on content
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Nature of Variable
• Quantitative data
• Qualitative data
• Discrete data
• Continuous data
• Chronological or temporal data
• Geographical or spatial data
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Source of Collection
• On the basis of Source of Collection
• Primary data
• Secondary data
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Presentation
• On the basis of Presentation
• Grouped data
• Ungrouped data
• On the basis on content
• Simple Classification
• Manifold Classification
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Quantitative data
• Quantitative data –Classification of data
according to quantitative characteristics such
as age , weight, height, marks etc
• For Example:
• Age in year 17, 18, 26…
• Weight in Kg 100, 40, 67
• Data size in MB 19, 89,
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Qualitative data
• Classification of data according to qualitative
characteristics such as Gender, honesty,
intelligence, literacy, color, religion, marital
status etc.
•
Gende Male
r Female
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Discrete data
• Discrete data - Classification of data which
takes exact numerical values (whole numbers)
Example:
– No of Children in a family
– Shoe size
– Number of cars in GLA
– Number of Students in BBA
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Continuous data
• Continuous data - Classification of data which
takes numerical values within a certain range
Example:
– Weight
– Height
– Volume
– Share price
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Chronological or Temporal data
• When the data is classified or arrange by their
time of occurrence, such as year, months,
weeks, days etc. (e.g. Time series analysis)
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Chronological or temporal data
• When the data is classified or arrange by their
time of occurrence, such as year, months,
weeks, days etc. (e.g. Time series analysis)
• Example
– Temperature throughout year
– Number of tourist arrival in last ten year
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Geographical or spatial data
• When the data are classified by geographical
region or location, like state, province, cites
countries etc.
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Primary Vs Secondary Data
• Primary Data- When the data is directly
collected by the researcher/investigator
• Secondary Data- When the data is not directly
collected by the researcher/investigator
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Grouped Vs Ungrouped Data
• Grouped data- data which is presented in
group Eg: Age: 20-25 (12 persons),25-30 (8
persons)…..
• Ungrouped data- data which is presented
individually Eg: Age: 28 years, 27 years, 23
years, 25 years, 26 years…
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Quiz
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Thank You!
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