GAS LAW
Volume and Moles (Avogadro’s
Law)
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What is a mole?
The chemical substance amount that contains
exactly 6.02 ×1023 (Avogadro’s Constant)
constitutive particles,
e.g., atoms, molecules, ions
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What do you think is the relationship of the
amount of gas in a mole to its volume?
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Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo
Avogadro
He provided Avogadro played an
explanations on how important role in
the amount of gas providing evidence
affects its volume. of the existence of
atoms. Eventually
the number of
molecules in a mole
is named after him.
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Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo
Avogadro
In 1811, Avogadro wrote in a paper that ,
“Equal volume of all gases, kept at the
same pressure and temperature, contain
the same number of molecules.”
Avogadro was the first to suggest that the
volume of a gas is directly proportional
to the number of moles of gas present at
a given temperature and pressure.
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Avogadro's Law: Volume and Moles
In Avogadro’s Law
• the volume of a gas is
directly related to the
number of moles (n) of gas.
• T and P are constant.
V1 = V2
n1 n2
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Learning Check
If 0.75 mole helium gas occupies
a volume of 1.5 L, what volume
will 1.2 moles helium occupy at
the same temperature and
pressure?
1) 0.94 L
2) 1.8 L
3) 2.4 L
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Solution
3) 2.4 L
STEP 1 Conditions 1 Conditions 2
V1 = 1.5 L V2 = ???
n1 = 0.75 mole He n2 = 1.2 moles He
STEP 2 Solve for unknown V2
V2 = V1 x n2
n1
STEP 3 Substitute values and solve for V2.
V2 = 1.5 L x 1.2 moles He = 2.4 L
0.75 mole He
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STP
The volumes of gases can be compared at STP, Standard
Temperature and Pressure, when they have
• the same temperature.
Standard temperature (T)
0°C or 273 K
• the same pressure.
Standard pressure (P)
1 atm = 760 mm Hg=760 torr=101325Pa= 101.325kPa
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Molar Volume
At standard temperature and pressure (STP), 1 mole
of a gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L, which is called
its molar volume.
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Molar Volume as a Conversion
Factor
The molar volume at STP can be
used to form conversion factors.
22.4 L and 1 mole
1 mole 22.4 L
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Using Molar Volume
What is the volume occupied by 2.75 moles N2 gas
at STP?
The molar volume is used to convert moles to liters.
2.75 moles N2 x 22.4 L = 61.6 L
1 mole
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Sample Problem 1:
What will be the final volume of a 5.0
L He gas which contains 0.965 mole
at 30 ⁰C and 1.00 atm, if the amount
of this gas is increased to 1.80 moles
provided that temperature and
pressure remains unchanged?
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Sample Problem 2:
A 7.25 L sample of nitrogen gas is
determined to contain 0.75 mole of
nitrogen. How many moles of nitrogen
gas would there be in a 20 L sample
provided the temperature and
pressure remains the same.
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GAS LAW
IDEAL GAS LAW
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where:
R is the universal gas constant
V is the volume of the gas
P is the pressure of the gas
T is the Kelvin in Temperature
n is the number of moles of the gas
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PV = nRT
This equation (PV=nRT) is called the ideal
gas law. It relates the four independent
properties of a gas at any time. The
constant R is called the ideal gas law
constant. Its value depends on the units
used to express pressure and volume.
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Values of the Ideal Gas Law Constant R
Numerical Value Units
0.08206 L·atm/mol·K
62.36 L·torr/mol·K = L·mmHg/mol·K
8.31 L.kPa/mol.K
The ideal gas law implies that if you know any three of the physical
properties of a gas, you can calculate the fourth property.
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In problem solving…
Volume must be in liters
Temperature must be in Kelvins
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Example # 1
Calculate the pressure exerted by a
0.25 mol sulfur hexafluoride in a
steel vessel having a capacity of
1.25 L at 70 ⁰C.
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Example # 2
Fermentation of glucose produce gas
in the form of carbon dioxide, how
many moles of carbon dioxide is
produced if 0.78 L of carbon dioxide at
20.1 ⁰C and 100 kPa was collected
during the process?
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