Motherboards, Processors, and Memory
System Board Components
■ PCB/ Printed Circuit Board
■ Bus architecture
■ Chipsets
■ Expansion slots
■ Memory slots and external cache
■ CPUs and their sockets
■ Power connectors
■ Onboard disk drive connectors
■ BIOS/UEFI/firmware
■ CMOS battery
■ Front-panel connectors
■ PCB/ Printed Circuit Board
Chipsets
■ Expansion
slots
İSA- Industry Standard Architecture
PCI- Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCIe- Peripheral Component Interconnect Express
AGP-Accelerated Graphics Port
PCI V1 - 32bit, 33MHz,
133Mbps
PCI V2 - 64bit, 62MHz,
533Mbps
PCIe- 192 more bit, 190 more MHz,
1064Mbps
■ Memory slots and cache
dual in-line memory module (DIMM)
single in-line memory module (SIMM)
SDR: Single Date Rate
DDR: Double Data Rate
sram memory
ram name MHz (İ/O) Read Rate
Saat Saniyə Başına
Sürəti
Başına
Sürəti
Clock rate * 8 (bit) = Per Second Read rate Mb
■ CPUs and their
sockets
CPU- Central Processing
Unit Zero insertion force
ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit
■ Power connectors
■ Onboard disk drive connectors
ATA = advance technology attachment
IDE = integrated drive electronics
AHCI = advance host controller interface
sata (Serial ATA) and pata (Paralel Ata) mSata
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)
CMOS and CMOS Battery
■ Date
■ Time
■ Hard drive/optical drive configuration
■ Memory
■ CPU settings, such as overclocking
■ Integrated ports (settings as well as enable/disable)
■ Boot sequence
■ Power management
■ Virtualization support
■ Security (passwords, Trusted Platform Module settings,
LoJack)
Front and Top-Panel Connectors
■ Power button
■ Power light
■ Reset button
■ Drive activity lights
■ Audio jacks
■ USB ports
Memory Cooling Cooling Systems
Hard Drive Cooling
Chipset Cooling
Air Cooling
Liquid Cooling
CPU Cooling
Internal Expansion, Storage Devices,
and Power Supplies
Installing and Configuring Expansion Cards
The following are the four most common categories of expansion cards installed today:
■ Video
■ Multimedia
■ Communications
■ Input/Output
Adapter Configuration
Plug and Play operating system
1. Ensure that the computer is powered off.
2. Install the adapter into an open slot.
3. Connect power, if needed. This most often applies to video cards.
4. After booting up the computer, install the driver. Again, Plug and Play may take care of this
automatically for you.
5. If the card isn’t recognized or providing the expected functionality, check the BIOS for
configuration settings.
6. For other configuration options, use the utility provided by the manufacturer, if applicable.
Hard Disk Drive HDD BOX
Systems SSD BOX
revolutions per minute (rpm)
5400 RPM
7200 RPM
Ssd hdd SSHD
10000 RPM
12000 RPM
15000 RPM
■ Platters
■ Read/write heads
■ Tracks
■ Sectors
■ Cylinders
■ Clusters (allocation units)
Solid-State Drives
SSD
Optical Storage Drives
Flash
Disks
floppy disk
flash disk
RAI Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks
D
Raid 0-Striping
Raid 1-Mirroring
Raid 5-Striping with
Parity
Raid 10 (1+0)
disk striping
disk mirroring,
stripe set with parity
