SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE

SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE

SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE

• Subhas Chandra Bose is considered the most influential freedom fighter with
extraordinary leadership skills and a charismatic orator.
• He was called Netaji.
• He raised the first Indian National Army (INA), Azad Hind Fauj in 1943 and
started an armed coup and inspired thousands of Indian youths to join the
struggle for independence from the British colonial rule.
HIS EARLY LIFE

• Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack, Odisha on

January 23, in the year 1897 to Janakinath Bose and Prabhavati
Devi.
• His father was one of the successful lawyerin Cuttack and
received the title of “Rai Bahadur”.
• He later became a member of the Bengal Legislative Council.
HIS EARLY LIFE

• A brilliant student, Netaji ranked second in the matriculation

examination.
• He studied at Presidency College, Calcutta (Kolkata), from which
he was expelled in 1916 for nationalist activities.
HIS EARLY LIFE

• He was strongly influenced by Swami Vivekananda’s teachings

and was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. He also adored
Vivekananda as his spiritual Guru.
HIS EARLY LIFE

• His parents sent him to the University of Cambridge in England to

prepare for Indian Civil Service (ICS) examination. In the year 1920,
he passed the ICS examination, but on hearing about the Jallianwalla
Bagh massacre he quit his high paying ICS job and came back to
India from England in 1921 to join India's struggle for independence.
SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE AND THE
CONGRESS

• On returning to India, he came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi.

• He joined Non-Cooperation Movement started by Mahatama Gandhi
• During the movement, he was advised by the Mahatma Gandhi to work with
Chittaranjan Das who became his political guru.
SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE AND THE
CONGRESS

• While Chittaranjan Das was busy in developing the national

strategy, Subhas Chandra Bose played a major role in enlightening
the students, youth and labourers of Calcutta.
SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE AND THE
CONGRESS

• He started the newspaper 'Swaraj'.

• In 1930, he became the Mayor of Calcutta. Bose authored the book The
Indian Struggle which covers the Indian independence movement from 1920
to 1942. The book was banned by the British government.
SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE AND THE
CONGRESS

• In 1938 he was elected president of the Indian National Congress

and formed a national planning committee, which formulated a
policy of broad industrialization. However, this did not harmonize
with Gandhian economic thought.
DIFFERENCES WITH GANDHI

• Besides, there seems to have been a basic difference of policy and

tactics between Bose and Gandhities in the assessment of India’s
preparedness for Civil Disobedience movement and the
favourable international scenario.
DIFFERENCES WITH GANDHI

• Bose’s vindication came in 1939, when he defeated a Gandhian

rival for reelection. Nonetheless, the “rebel president” felt bound
to resign because of the lack of Gandhi’s support. He was also
against India’s joining the Second World War as an ally of British
GANDHI AND SUBHAS
FREEDOM ACCORDING TO NETAJI

• He said, “By freedom I mean all-round freedom, i.e. freedom for

the individual as well as for the society; freedom for the rich as
well as for the poor; freedom for men as well as for women;
freedom for all individuals and for all classes.”
HIS IDEOLOGY

• Bose’s ideology tilted towards socialism and leftist authoritarianism.

• He formed the All India Forward Bloc in 1939 as a faction within the
Congress. The prime objective of the Froward Bloc was to bring all radical
elements of the Congress party.
BOSE AND GANDHI

• In spite of sharp political differences between Subhas and Gandhi,

Bose had deep respect for Gandhi in his heart.

• In August 1942, when Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India

movement, Subhas Chandra Bose was in Berlin.
BOSE AND GANDHI

• It is recorded that reading this news in Berlin, Subhas Chandra Bose told his
close 7 associate CN Nambiar that he needed to “be with Gandhi”. In his
Azad Hind Radio message from Berlin, Subhas Chandra Bose had called the
Quit India Movement of Mahatma Gandhi, the “non-violent guerilla
warfare”. Gandhi also admired the courage and resourcefulness displayed by
Subhas in making his escape from India.
AZAD HIND FAUJ

• An important development in the struggle for freedom

during the Second World War was the formation and
activities of the Azad Hind Fauj, also known as the Indian
National Army, or INA.
RASH BEHARI BOSE

• Rash Behari Bose, an Indian revolutionary who had escaped from

India and had been living in Japan for many years, set up the
Indian independence league with the support of Indians living in
the countries of south-east Asia.
AZAD HIND FAUJ

• When Japan defeated the British armies and occupied almost all
the countries of south-East Asia, the league formed the Indian
National Army from among the Indian prisoners of war with the
aim of liberating India from the British rule.
AZAD HIND FAUJ

• In the meantime, Subhas Chandra was held under house arrest by

the British because of how he had been opposing their rule.
However, he left the country secretly in 1941.
MOTIVATING THE MASSES

• In November 1941, his broadcast from German radio sent shock

waves among the British and electrified the Indian masses who
realized that their leader was working on a master plan to free
their motherland.
AZAD FAUJ

• He visited Japan in 1943 where the royal administration said yes

to his appeal for help. It was here that he rebuilds the Indian
National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to make it an effective
instrument for the freedom of India.
AZAD HIND FAUJ

• The Azad Hind Fauj comprised of about 45,000 soldiers, among

who were Indian prisoners of war as well as Indians who were
settled in various countries of south-east Asia.
AZAD HIND FAUJ

• It was also in October 1943 that he formed a provisional government, one

that had been recognised by the Axis Powers during the Second World War.
In December 1943, INA freed the Andaman and Nicobar islands from the
British and were renamed as Swaraj and Shaheed islands.
AZAD HIND FAUJ

• Subhas Chandra Bose wanted to free India from the

Eastern front. Subhas Brigade, Azad Brigade and Gandhi
Brigade were formed. INA marched through Burma and
occupied Coxtown on the Indian Border.
AZAD HIND FAUJ

• However, the attempt to liberate India by the Azad Hind

Fauj failed.