Acids bases and salts

Indicators
 Learning Objectives :
Students will be able to
 Classify samples of acids and bases using natural indicators. Like lemon
juice, beetroot juice etc (activity students demo)(experiential learning)
 Identify whether a solution is acidic or basic using the knowledge
indicators (pear deck activity)
 Analyses experiments to demonstrate chemical properties of acids of bases .
 Reaction of acids and bases with metals and Non- metals
 Indicators
 Are chemical substances which exhibit different colours in an acidic
and basic solution .
 also called acid base indicators
 Natural dyes – act as indicators
 One such dye is litmus solution
Indicators are dyes

 Litmus- extract from lichens (fungi)– Thallophyte

 Chemical present in lichens is Chlorophyceae
 Litmus solution is purple in colour
 When acid is added it changes to blue litmus solution
 Adding base it changes to red litmus solution
Other natural indicators are

 Petals of flowers - Petunia, Geranium, Hydrangea, rose plants,

 Turmeric, beetroot juice, Red Cabbage juice.
 Olfactory indicators – onion, vanilla essence, cloves – smell different in acid base
solutions.
 Synthetic indicators – prepared in the lab
 Phenolphthalein and methyl orange
 https://youtu.be/uwfSiFlqt10
Hydrangea, petunia and Geranium have the ability to act as indicators. They give
sharp colour change in different soils. Hydrangea when blooms in an acidic soil
grow blue sepal colour whereas in basic or neutral soil grows red or pink sepals.

Acidic medium
Basic Medium
Petunia
Answer the following questions in Class work
 What are indicators?(2 points)
 Name three flowers which are natural indicators.
 Name three veggies which are natural indicators.
 What do you mean by olfactory indicators?
 Name three olfactory indicators.
 Turmeric in acid - ------------ colour, in base ---------------- colour.
 Phenolphthalein in acid  --------------------- colour, in base ----------- colour.
 Methyl orange in acid  --------------------- colour, in base ----------- colour.
 Normal Colour of litmus solution
 Normal Colour of Phenolphthalein
 Normal Colour of Methyl orange.
 Properties of bases
 Bitter in taste
 pH more than 7
 Neutralizes acids
 Turns red litmus paper blue
 Forms OH- ions in solution
 reacts with few metals to produce hydrogen gas
 Good conductors of electricity
 accepts protons
Properties of acids
 Sour in taste
 pH less than 7
 Neutralizes bases
 Turns blue litmus paper red
 Forms H + ions in solution
 Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen gas
 Good conductors of electricity
 Donates protons
Acid- base indicators

Sl No Indicator Acid Base

1 Litmus red Blue
2 Turmeric (yellow) Yellow red
3 Red cabbage(purple) red Greenish yellow
4 Beetroot red violet
5 Rose petals pink purple

Synthetic Indicators
6 Phenolphthalein colourless pink
7 Methyl orange red yellow
Answer the following

 Jennifer wears a costume made of blue litmus paper for a fancy dress competition.
 She accidentally spills some juice on herself which turns her dress to red.
 Identify the juice as acid or base.
2. What color change do we see when formic
acid is added to different litmus solutions?

 Red to blue
 red to red
 Blue to red
 Blue to blue
3.Riya, a chemist, finds an unlabelled bottle in her kitchen while cooking. Her
mother says its vinegar. To confirm, she adds this to different litmus solutions.
What color changes will she notice if its vinegar?
Note: Vinegar is chemically known as acetic acid.
4.What color change do we see when potassium hydroxide {KOH} is added to
different litmus solutions?

Both red and Blue litmus solutions

 Red to blue
 red to red
 Blue to red
 Blue to blue
5. Tina adds soap water to a red litmus solution
and the solution turns blue.

 Is soap acidic or basic solution.

6.Linda adds a few drops of methyl orange indicator into two colorless solutions, M and N
She observes the following changes:

Solutions Color change with methyl orange

M orange→ yellow
N orange→ red

 N is an acid
 N is a base
 M is an acid
 M is a base
7.A few drops of phenolphthalein indicator are added into
two solutions,  {HCl } and {NaOH} separately
Identify the color change in these two solutions.
Choose two options
 8.A few drops of phenolphthalein indicator are
added to two solutions, X,  and Y, The color
change is listed below.

Soluti Colour change in

ons Phenolphthalein

X No change in colour

Y Colourless to pink
9.In a chemistry lab, Salman accidentally drops a few drops of methyl
orange indicator on his lab coat. He immediately washes it with soap
(base).
What color change with methyl orange stain does he notice when it
comes in contact with soap?
10. A few drops of phenolphthalein indicator are added into two solutions KOH and H2​
SO4​separately.
Identify the color change in these two solutions.
Activity – make your own litmus paper at
home
 Turmeric powder
 Red cabbage juice
 Rose petals extract – deep red colour
 Beetroot extract

 Add samples of acid or base to these solutions and observe the colour change and record
the observations in your Class work .
 2 sample for acid and 2 for base.
 Tolal 4 samples – explain it.
 Tomorrow – show these sample with your videos on or share photos in chat.
 Reactions of acids and bases with Metals

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hBCLoWwcWo

 Which of the following reactions will NOT produce hydrogen gas?

 1. Pouring acid in a glass container
 2. Sodium hydroxide with zinc
 3. Sulphuric acid with iron
 4. Dipping Aluminium rod in hydrochloric acid
 5. Sodium carbonate with zinc

 (A) 1,4 (B) 2, 5 (C) 1, 5 (D) 2, 4

What does blue litmus paper detect?

 (A) Presence of acid molecules

 (B) Presence of H+ ions
 (C) Presence of base molecules
 (D) Presence of OH- ions
 Answer for ques no – 2,3,8


Answer to ques no 9,10
 Thank you