INTRODUCTION TO
THE STUDY OF
GLOBALIZATION
LESSON 1 – THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
LENIROSE B. MONDERO, DRDEV
LESSON OBJECTIVES
1. Differentiate the competing conceptions of Globalization
2. Identifying the underlying philosophies of the varying definitions of
globalization
3. Agree on a working definition of Globalization
4. Explain the positive and negative aspects of globalization according to the
various perspectives of experts and communities affected by it
5. Construct their meaning of Globalization using a concept map
GLOBALIZATION
• Refers to the existence of free change of goods, services, culture, and even people, between and
among countries. (Theodore Levitt)
• Through this, countries have discarded taxes on imported goods and opened their doors to
highly skilled workers and professionals
• Globalization leads people to become more interested to travel, learn new languages and
immerse themselves to the new culture and lifestyles
• Globalization is not static but an ongoing process. It involves the inexorable integration of
markets, nation-states and technologies to a degree never witnessed before. (Thomas Friedman)
“It is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a
result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange has increased the production of
goods and services has been taking place for hundred of years, but has speeded up
enormously over the half-century.”
(British Broadcasting Corporation)
WHAT CAN YOU SAY ABOUT THE COLLAGE?
INTERNATIONALIZATION
• Refers to the process and
systems that pertains to
relationships between
nation-states
GLOBALIZATION
• It encompasses process and
systems to “global-social
relations – or interactions
between international
and/or transnational
entities.
THE SIX CORE CLAIMS OF GLOBALIZATION
1. Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets
2. Globalization is inevitable and irreversible
3. Nobody is in charge of globalization
4. Globalization benefits everyone
5. Globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world
6. Globalization requires war on terror
Different Philosophies and ideologies
of/On/Against Globalization
CAPITALISM
• The most dominant economic framework and system in many
parts of the world.
• It is premised on the “profit motive”
PROFIT MOTIVE
• It partly explains why people tend to buy stocks of profitable
companies
• Why government of the third world countries allowing mining
corporations to operate even in places where ecosystem is
vulnerable
NEOLIBERALISM
• Another philosophy, which adheres that free markets free trade
will set free the creative potential and the entrepreneurial spirit
which is built into spontaneous order of any human society, and
thereby lead to more individual liberty and well-being, and
more efficient allocation of resources
The Two Main Camps of Globalization
ANTI-GLOBALIZATION
• It considered highly imbalanced system of globalization that
favors the First-world over the third-world corporations over
citizens and communities, and profit seeking over
environmental sustainability.
ALTER-GLOBALIZATION
• Altering or changing the current system of globalization
to make it more humane, more pre-environment and
more grassroots-driven rather than staying to top-down
imposition.
POSITIVE ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
1. Multiculturalism and Multilingualism
2. Free trade
3. Cultural and Educational Exchanges
4. Migration
5. Global Cooperation
NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
1. Linguistic Hegemony of English
2. Cultural Homogenization
3. Third World Dependence on the First World
4. Global Income and Wealth Inequality
5. Racism and Anti-Migrant Sentiment
GLOBALIZATION THEORIES
• Homogeneity refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and
political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same economies, and similar
forms of government.
• Homogeneity in culture is often linked to cultural imperialism.
- dominant religion in the country is Christianity
- Americanization – the import by non-Americans of products, images, technologies, practices,
and behavior that are closely associated with America/Americans
- global economic crises – IMFs “one-size-fits all”
- MCWorld – means only one political orientation is growing in today’s societies
HETEROGENEITY
• The creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups because of
the interaction of elements from different societies in the world.
• It refers to the differences because of either lasting differences or of hybrids or combinations
of cultures which can be produced through the different transplanetary processes.
• Glocalization – as global factors interact with local factors or specific geographic area, the
“glocal” is being produced.
• Jihad – refers to the political groups that are engaged in an “intensification of nationalism
and that lead to greater political heterogeneity throughout the world.
FEEL AND INTERPRET THE MESSAGE OF THIS
SONG
Globalization is a fact, because of
technology, because of an integrated global
supply chain, because of changes in
transportation. And we’re not going to be
able to build a wall around that.
Barack Obama
ASSIGNMENT
• Find and read a newspaper (local or international) discussing
globalization. Write a 50-word discussion, identifying what
underlying definition of globalization the writer uses.
