CABLE &

TENSILE
MEMBRANE
TEAM D STRUCTURES
CRUCILLO, JOE CARLO
ESPIRITU, ROSSA MAE
MARANAN, KHAY-ANNE
RAMOS, MA. ERIKA
SANTOS, JEREMIAH DANIEL
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 07 MAIN CLASSIFICATION IN
INTRODUCTION
THE FIELD
HISTORY OF TENSILE CONSTRUCTION
02 08 TYPES OF TENSILE
STRUCTURE SHAPES
03 TYPICAL CONNECTIONS 09 TYPES OF FABRIC
MEMBRANES
04 TYPES OF CABLE 10 ADVANTAGE AND
BRIDGES DISADVANTAGES
FOREIGN AND LOCAL CABLE
05 TYPES OF CABLE 11
SAMPLE PROJECTS
ROOFS
06 CABLE TENSION FOR FOREIGN AND LOCAL
TENSILE 12
TENSILE SAMPLE PROJECTS
ARCHITECTURE
INTRODUCTI
ON
CABLE MEMBRANE STRUCTURES
are architectural structures whose form is
determined by the covering membrane which
is tensioned between different established
points, thus without supporting it on
traditional support arches.

TENSILE MEMBRANE STRUCTURES

is the term usually used to refer to the
construction of roofs using a membrane held
in place on steel cables. It is the form of
structure that is carrying only tension,
eliminating compression or bending.
HISTORY
 WHERE DID IT ALL
START?
For thousands of years, Tents have been utilized by nomadic tribes in a variety of
shapes. These early homes, which ranged from the typical yurts of Central Asia to the
tipis used by Native American tribes, were made of animal skins or woven membranes
that were stretched over a support framework. Tensile structures are the simplest type
of tensile housing.

NOMADIC TRIBES

Vladimir Shukhov The world's first tensile steel shell by

(Russian engineer, scientist, and architect) Vladimir Shukhov (during construction),
Nizhny Novgorod, 1895
 Tensioned Steel Cables and Membranes to construct Roofing Systems

Numerous investigations on the use of tensioned steel cables and

Frei Otto membranes to construct roofing systems were started in the 1950s by the
(German architect and German architect and engineer, Frei Otto
engineer)

Frei Otto, who is frequently credited with the key

advancements in the subject. Otto established the
University of Stuttgart's Institute of Light Structures
and the Center for the Development of Light
Construction. He also authored the first complete book
on tensile structures. His significant works include the
German Pavilion for Expo 67 in Montreal and the 1972
Olympic Stadium in Munich

German Pavilion for Expo 67 in Montreal Olympic Stadium in Munich

 ARCHITECT OTTO: SPANNING THE
FUTURE
Tensioned Steel Cables and Membranes to construct Roofing Systems

Frei Otto
(German architect and
engineer)

German Pavilion for Expo 67 in Montreal

TYPICAL CONNECTION: Suspension Type
Cables
TYPICAL CONNECTION: Suspension Type
Cables
COMPONENTS: Suspension Type Cables
COMPONENTS: Suspension Type Cables
HOW DOES Cables WORKS?
TYPICAL CONNECTION: Tensile Structure
COMPONENTS: Tensile Structure
COMPONENTS: Tensile Structure
HOW DOES Tensile Structure WORKS?
TYPES OF CABLE BRIDGES

Cable-stayed structures are a type of

structure that uses wires, braces, cords,
and other elements under traction.
Used as support to suspension roofs and
suspension bridges.

The towers are the primary load-bearing

structures which transmit the bridge loads
to the ground.
 TYPES OF CABLE BRIDGES

Advantages of Cable Disadvantages of Cable

Suspension Bridges: Suspension Bridges:

• Economic Advantage • Load Limitations

• Height Advantage • Loss of Income
• Construction Advantage • Heavy Loads
• Easier to maintain • Foundation pitfalls
• Restricted Applications
TYPES OF CABLE BRIDGES

The tension in the cables and

compression in the pillars are the main
forces in a suspension bridge of any type.
This not only adds strength but improves
reliability.

Used as support to suspension roofs and

suspension bridges.

There are three basic types of stay cable

– parallel steel strand, wire, and carbon.
 TYPES OF CABLE BRIDGES
Advantages of Cable Disadvantages of Cable
Stayed Bridges: Stayed Bridges:
• Cable-stayed bridges do have a
• Cable-stayed bridges take less time to
maximum length to consider.
complete than other options. • This design option can become
• The strength of a cable-stayed bridge
unstable in specific environments.
is unquestionable. • Cable-stayed bridges can be
• It can be significantly cheaper to build a
challenging to inspect and repair.
cable-stayed bridge. • It is a design that can sometimes be
• Cable-stayed bridges can be
susceptible to rust or corrosion.
constructed to almost any length. • The strength advantages typically
• There are multiple design options from
apply to short spans.
which to choose with a cable-stayed
bridge.
• The design of the cable-stayed bridge
supports itself.
CABLE STAYED vs SUSPENSION
BRIDGES
Design of Cable stayed Bridges:
 TYPES OF CABLE ROOFS
Single Curved Cable Roofs

The main problem with these ceilings is vibration which is caused by lateral
forces such as wind.

Proposed methods to deal with vibration in these structures:

• Increasing dead load or heavier structures

• Stiffening of the structure through construction as reverse arc or

prestressing (prestressing means creating initial tension in the
cable) extension in reverse curvature unlike cable

• Connection with braced transverse cables

 TYPES OF CABLE ROOFS
Double Curved Cable Roofs

Double-curved structures have a positive curvature in one direction

and a negative curvature in the other. These structures are also
called double curves or cable networks.
CABLE FUNCTION FOR TENSILE
ARCHITECTURE
CABLE FUNCTION FOR TENSILE
ARCHITECTURE
CABLE FUNCTION FOR TENSILE
ARCHITECTURE
CABLE FUNCTION FOR TENSILE
ARCHITECTURE
THREE DIFFERENT MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS IN THE FIELD OF
TENSILE
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS
TYPES OF TENSILE MEMBRANE STRUCTURES
TYPES OF TENSILE STRUCTURES SHAPES
TYPES OF TENSILE MEMBRANE STRUCTURES
TYPES OF FABRIC MEMBRANE
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages of Tension Disadvantages of Tension

Membrane / Mesh Membrane / Mesh
Tensioned Structures: Tensioned Structures:
• Quicker Installation • Brittle to no Rigidity
• Bright, Natural Diffused Day lighting • Loss of Tension is Dangerous to
• Flexible Design Aesthetics Stablity
• Low Maintenance • Thermal Values Limit Use
• Lightweight Nature
• Energy Efficient
• Excellent Superior Quality
• Clear Span Capability
• Earthquake Resistant
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages of Pneumatic Disadvantages of Pneumatic
Structures Structures
• Pneumatic structures are lightweight • Pneumatic structures are less
• Pneumatic structures can cover a larger area of durable and have a short
span without any type of internal support. service life.
• Pneumatic structures are economical as compared • Pneumatic structures are poor
to other structures. resistance to fire and the
• The construction and the assembly of the acoustic insulation.
Pneumatic structures are very fast. • The enclosed membrane of the
• Pneumatic structures can be used to construct a Pneumatic structures required
whole structure as an entity. maintenance of excess
• Pneumatic structures can be used for both pressure.
temporary as well as permanent structures for
various purposes.
• The initial cost of construction of Pneumatic
structures is less as compared to a conventional
building.
 FOREIGN CABLE SAMPLE PROJECT
SUSPENSION TYPE CABLE
The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge
spanning the Golden Gate, the one-mile-wide (1.6 km)
strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific
Ocean. The structure links the U.S. city of San
Francisco, California—the northern tip of the San
Francisco Peninsula—to Marin County, carrying both
U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the
strait. It also carries pedestrian and bicycle traffic, and is
designated as part of U.S. Bicycle Route 95.
Recognized by the American Society of Civil Engineers
as one of the Wonders of the Modern World, the bridge
is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of
San Francisco and California.
GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE
FOREIGN CABLE SAMPLE PROJECT
 FOREIGN CABLE SAMPLE PROJECT
STAYED TYPE
CABLE
FOREIGN CABLE SAMPLE PROJECT
FOREIGN TENSILE MEMBRANE SAMPLE
PROJECT
FOREIGN TENSILE MEMBRANE SAMPLE
PROJECT
FOREIGN TENSILE MEMBRANE SAMPLE
PROJECT
 LOCAL CABLE SAMPLE PROJECT
STAYED TYPE
CONSTRUCTION
CABLE
TIMELAPSE
LOCAL CABLE SAMPLE PROJECT
 LOCAL CABLE SAMPLE PROJECT
SUSPENSION TYPE
CABLE
LOCAL CABLE SAMPLE PROJECT
 REFERENCES
FABRIC ARCHITECT. (2023). COMPONENTS AND DETAILS. ARCHITECTURAL FABRICS STRUCTURES. RETREIVED
FROM
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pXZddm7c

Home (no date) Civil Engineering. Available at:

https://civiltoday.com/construction/bridge/346-advantages-disadvantages-of-suspension
-bridges#:~:text=The%20cables%20that%20support%20the,and%20safety%20of%20the%20bridge. (Accessed: 04 June 2023).
Chief, E. in (2019) 16 advantages and disadvantages of cable stayed bridges, ConnectUS. Available at: https://connectusfund.org/6-
advantages-and-disadvantages-of-cable-stayed-bridges (Accessed: 04 June 2023).

Deloney, M.L. (2021) What is pneumatic structures: Types of pneumatic structures: Advantages & disadvantages of pneumatic
structures: Uses of the pneumatic structures, CivilJungle. Available at: https://civiljungle.com/pneumatic-structures/ (Accessed: 04
June 2023).

Tensile structures and pneumatic structures (no date) Share and Discover Knowledge on SlideShare. Available at:
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https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/tensile-fabric-structures-properties-types-advantages-judy-fu (Accessed: 04 June 2023).

Membrane structure (no date) Tensitech Corporation. Available at: http://tensitech.ph/membrane-structure/ (Accessed: 04 June 2023).

Tensile structures (no date) Share and Discover Knowledge on SlideShare. Available at:
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