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ECR Machine

The document describes the design of an electronic cash register using an 89C51RD2 microcontroller. The cash register has two modes - printing mode to print bills for customers and setup mode. Key interfacing modules include a real-time clock and EEPROM connected via I2C, an LCD display, keyboard via PS/2, and impact printer. The microcontroller is at the center, controlling these interfaces and printing bills with item details, costs, and dates. The overall goal was to self-design and develop the cash register using various microcontroller interfacing protocols.

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api-3721578
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439 views

ECR Machine

The document describes the design of an electronic cash register using an 89C51RD2 microcontroller. The cash register has two modes - printing mode to print bills for customers and setup mode. Key interfacing modules include a real-time clock and EEPROM connected via I2C, an LCD display, keyboard via PS/2, and impact printer. The microcontroller is at the center, controlling these interfaces and printing bills with item details, costs, and dates. The overall goal was to self-design and develop the cash register using various microcontroller interfacing protocols.

Uploaded by

api-3721578
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electronic Cash

Register
(Based on 89C51RD2
Microcontroller)
Under the supervision of
Mr. Arvind Toshniwal
(Arun Infotech Pvt. Ltd. Pune)
Ms. Preeti Salunkhe
(ICIT Pvt. Ltd. Pune)

Presented by
Gaurav Sharma
Gopinath Sridara
Mohit Kumar Rawat
AIM & OBJECTIVE
Aim:
Self-design and self-development of “Electronic Cash Register”
with two user operating modes:
 Printing Mode
 Setup Mode

Objective:
Printing the bill for the customer in detailing about the
purchases he/she made.
Printing details are names of the items, quantity of the item,
cost of the each item, Sub Total cost of the each item, & grand
total with time, day & date of the purchase as well as welcome
note & greetings.
OVERVIEW OF THIS PROJECT
We have designed a Electronic Cash Register. We have selected
89C51RD2 microcontroller as a platform. So the interfacing
modules (with microcontroller) of this ECR are as follows:

Interfacing Modules

Real Time Clock (RTC)


EEPROM as a external memory
(RTC & EEPROM both are interfaced with microcontroller over I2C
Protocol.)
LCD Display
Keyboard over PS/2 Protocol
Impact Printer

We are also using Buzzer as a signaling device & 9V dc supply for


Vcc with 9V dc Battery backup Circuit
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Power Supply Impact Printer

Battery Backup Buzzer

89C51RD2
EEPROM Display Unit

RTC Keyboard
I2C
MICROCONTROLLER 89C51RD2
Basic Features:
80C51 Central Processing Unit
On-chip Flash Program Memory with ISP capability
Boot ROM contains low level Flash programming routines for
downloading via the UART
6 clocks per machine cycle operation (standard)
12 clocks per machine cycle operation (optional)
RAM expandable externally to 64 kB
4 level priority interrupt
8 interrupt sources
Four 8-bit I/O ports
Full-duplex enhanced UART
What is I2C Protocol
?
I2C PROTOCOL

Basic Characteristics of I2C Protocol

Two-wired bus
Serial data line (SDA)
Serial clock line (SCL
Originally to interact within small num. of devices
Speeds:
100 kbps (standard mode)
400 kbps (fast mode)
3.4 Mbps (high-speed mode)
Data transfers: serial, 8-bit oriented, bi-directional
Master/slave relationships with multi-master option (arbitration)
Master can operate as transmitter or receiver
BASIC FRAMES
Start Condition
SDA 1-0 transition
when SCL = 1

Start data transfer


A change in the state of the data line, from HIGH to LOW, while the clock
is HIGH, defines a START condition.
********************************************************************************************************
Stop Condition
SDA 0-1 transition
when SCL = 1

Stop data transfer


A change in the state of the data line, from LOW to HIGH, while the clock
line is HIGH, defines the STOP condition.
Data Transfer on 2-Wire Serial Bus
SERIAL REAL TIME CLOCK
(RTC)
DS1307 (64 X 8)
DS1307 (64 X 8) SERIAL REAL TIME CLOCK
FEATURES

Real time clock counts seconds, minutes, hours, date, day of


week, and year with leap year compensation valid up to 2100

56 byte nonvolatile RAM for data storage

2-wire serial interface

Programmable square wave output signal

Automatic power-fail detect and switch circuitry

Low power consumption


Pin Assignment (DS1307 8-Pin DIP)

Pin Description

VCC : Primary Power Supply


X1, X2 : 32.768 kHz Crystal Connection
VBAT : +3V Battery Input
GND : Ground
SDA : Serial Data
SCL : Serial Clock
SQW/OUT : Square wave/Output Driver
Control Register

OUT (Output control):


This bit controls the output level of the SQW/OUT pin when the square
wave output is disabled. If SQWE=0, the logic level on the SQW/OUT pin
is 1 if OUT=1 and is 0 if OUT=0.

SQWE (Square Wave Enable):


This bit, when set to logic 1, will enable the oscillator output. The freq. of
the square wave output depends upon the value of the RS0 and RS1 bits.

RS (Rate Select):
These bits control the freq. of the square wave output when the square
wave output has been enabled.
RTC AND RAM Address Map
DS1307 TIMEKEEPER REGISTERS
RTC READ
RTC Write
2-Wire Serial EEPROM
512K (65,536 x 8)
2-wire Serial EEPROM
512K (65,536 x 8)

•Low-voltage and Standard-voltage Operation
 – 2.7 (VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V)
 – 1.8 (VCC = 1.8V to 3.6V)
 • Internally Organized 65,536 x 8
 • 2-wire Serial Interface
 • Schmitt Triggers, Filtered Inputs for Noise Suppression
 • Bidirectional Data Transfer Protocol
 • 1 MHz (5V), 400 kHz (2.7V) and 100 kHz (1.8V) Compatibility
 • Write Protect Pin for Hardware and Software Data Protection
 • 128-byte Page Write Mode (Partial Page Writes Allowed)
 • Self-timed Write Cycle (5 ms Max)
 • High Reliability
 – Endurance: 100,000 Write Cycles
 – Data Retention: 40 Years
 • Automotive Grade, Extended Temperature and Lead-free/Halogen-free
LCD (HD44780)
16*2 Character Display
LCD Hitachi HD44780
 16x2 character by line display

 The different instructions


available for use with 44780 are
-Clear Display LCD
-Return Cursor and LCD to
Home Position
-Set Cursor Move Direction
-Enable Display/Cursor Mc
-Move Cursor/Shift Display
-Set Interface Length
-Move Cursor into CGRAM
-Move Cursor to Display
-Poll the "Busy Flag"
Interfacing of PS/2 Keyboard
(Over PS/2 Protocol)
PS/2 PROTOCOL
Basic Characteristics of PS/2 Protocol

The communication is binary, synchronous and serial based: Only two


channels (CLOCK and DATA) are sufficient.
Communication is two-sided:
The Data and Clock lines are both open-collector with pull-up resistors
to Vcc.
The bus is "idle" when both lines are high (open-collector). This is the
only state where the keyboard is allowed begin transmitting data. The
host has ultimate control over the bus and may inhibit communication at
any time by pulling the Clock line low.
The device always generates the clock signal.
Each key pressed causes a packet of data to be output by the encoder.
Each data packet is output during 11 cycles of CLOCK, therefore can be
interpreted to be containing 11 bits : 1 start bit (= 0), 8 data bits (one
byte), 1 parity (= 0 or =1) and 1 stop (=1) bit
Summary: Bus States
Data = high, Clock = high: Idle state.
Data = high, Clock = low: Communication Inhibited.
Data = low, Clock = high: Host Request-to-Send
Communication: Device-to-Host
The Data and Clock lines are both open collector. A resistor is
connected between each line and +5V, so the idle state of the bus is
high. When the keyboard wants to send information, it first checks the
Clock line to make sure it's at a high logic level. If it's not, the host is
inhibiting communication and the device must buffer any to-be-sent
data until the host releases Clock. The Clock line must be
continuously high for at least 50 microseconds before the device can
begin to transmit its data.
The keyboard writes a bit on the Data line when Clock is high, and it
is read by the host when Clock is low.
Device-to-host communication. The Data line changes state when Clock
is high and that data is valid when Clock is low.
AND……………FINALLY!

HOW THE MAIN FUNCTION WORK?


Conclusion
we successfully interface following devices with
Microcontroller.

 Self development of I2c and PS/2 protocol


 RTC with I2C protocol
 EEPROM with I2C protocol
 keyboard with ps/2 protocol
 Program the 89c51RD2 for LCD display
 Send the data to serial port for Printer
T H A N K Y O U!

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