Arduino :
Introduction &
Programming
STUDENT NAME : VAYS PRANAV RAJENDRABHAI
BRANCH : COMPUTER – B
ENROLLMENT NO : 219860307113
What is an Arduino ?
Open Source electronic prototyping platform based on flexible easy to use
hardware and software.
Uses of Arduino
Arduino IDE is a special software running on your system that allows you to write
sketches (synonym for program in Arduino language) for different Arduino
boards. The Arduino programming language is based on a very simple hardware
programming language called processing, which is similar to the C language.
After the sketch is written in the Arduino IDE, it should be uploaded on the
Arduino board for execution.
Advantages
Simplified and user friendly language
No additional programmer/burner hardware is required for programming board
Portable
Less power consumption
Arduino runs on most of OS unlike others most microcontroller systems are
limited to windows
Getting started with Programming
Bare minimum code
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
}
Bare minimum code
setup : It is called only when the Arduino is powered on or reset. It is used to
initialize variables and pin modes
loop : The loop functions runs continuously till the device is powered off. The
main logic of the code goes here. Similar to while (1) for micro-controller
programming.
PinMode
A pin on arduino can be set as input or output by using pinMode function.
pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // sets pin 13 as output pin
pinMode(13, INPUT); // sets pin 13 as input pin
Reading/writing digital values
digitalWrite(13, LOW); // Makes the output voltage on pin 13 , 0V
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // Makes the output voltage on pin 13 , 5V
int buttonState = digitalRead(2); // reads the value of pin 2 in buttonState
Analog to Digital Coversion
What is analog ?
It is continuous range of voltage values (not just 0 or 5V)
Why convert to digital ?
Because our microcontroller only understands digital.
ADC in Arduino Uno
ADC in Arduino
The Arduino Uno board contains 6 pins for ADC
10-bit analog to digital converter
This means that it will map input voltages between 0 and 5 volts into integer
values between 0 and 1023
Reading/Writing Analog Values
analogRead(A0); // is used to read the analog value from the pin A0
analogWrite(2,128);
ADC Example
// These constants won't change. They're used to give names to the pins used:
const int analogInPin = A0; // Analog input pin that the potentiometer is attached to
const int analogOutPin = 9; // Analog output pin that the LED is attached to
int sensorValue = 0; // value read from the pot
int outputValue = 0; // value output to the PWM (analog out)
void setup() {
// initialize serial communications at 9600 bps:
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
// read the analog in value:
sensorValue = analogRead(analogInPin);
// map it to the range of the analog out:
outputValue = map(sensorValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
// change the analog out value:
analogWrite(analogOutPin, outputValue);
// print the results to the serial monitor:
Serial.print("sensor = " );
Serial.print(sensorValue);
Serial.print("\t output = ");
Serial.println(outputValue);
// wait 2 milliseconds before the next loop
// for the analog-to-digital converter to settle
// after the last reading:
delay(2);
}
