Chapter 07 – Part 3

Stored Procedure, Function

&
Trigger

Slide 1
 Content
A. Sport Shop Problem
B. Solution

Slide 2
 A. Sport Shop Problem
PST, a sport shop, has been in success of business lately.
Therefore, it makes sense to establish a database to manage
their products and selling bills.
To easily managing, they classify their products into different
types which are included type code and type name. Each
product type may have many products or not and a product
must belong to a product type. The sport product is described
by the following properties: product code, product name,
quantity, and buying price.
Otherwise, when a bill is created the system stores the
following information: bill id, customer name, date and the list
of products included product id, quantity and selling price. A
bill must have at least one sold-product (bill item).

Slide 3
Do the following requirements
 Design a database with ERD & DB Design diagram.
 Create DDL statements to implement the DB on SQL Server.
 Create a stored procedure to insert product type information.
 Create a stored procedure to insert product information.
 Create a function to return the number of products for a given product type.
 Create a function to return the number of products for each product type.
 Create a function to return the number of rows for PRODUCT_TYPES and
PRODUCTS tables.
 Create a triggers to check the constraint on SELLING_BILLS for inserting
information.
 Create a trigger to check the constraint on BILLS_DETAILS for deleting
information.
 Create a trigger to check the selling-price must be greater than or equal to
buying-price of the same product on BILLS_DETAILS table.
 Create a stored procedure to delete a bill
 Create a stored procedure to insert bill and bill details information.

Slide 4
 B. Solution
1. Create Logical Diagram
2. Create Physical Diagram
3. Write DDL statement
4. Create stored procedure
5. Create function
6. Create trigger

Slide 5
 1. Create Logical Diagram

Slide 6
 2. Create Physical Diagram

Slide 7
 3. Write DDL Statement
CREATE TABLE PRODUCT_TYPES (
TYP_ID int not null Primary Key ,
TYPCode char(10) not null unique,
TYPName varchar(30)
);
CREATE TABLE PRODUCTS (
PRO_ID bigint Primary Key identity,
TYP_ID int not null,
PROCode char(10) not null unique,
PROName varchar(50),
PROQuantity int not null default 0,
PROBuyingPrice money not null default 0,
Constraint FK_Product Foreign Key (TYP_ID) References
PRODUCT_TYPES (TYP_ID) on update cascade,
Constraint CKC_PROQuantity check (PROQuantity >= 0),
Constraint CKC_PROBuyingPrice check (PROBuyingPrice >= 0)
);
Slide 8
 CREATE TABLE SELLING_BILLS (
SEL_ID bigint identity Primary Key,
SELDate datetime not null default getdate(),
SELCustomerName varchar (50)
);
CREATE TABLE BILL_DETAILS (
SEL_ID bigint not null,
PRO_ID bigint not null,
BILQuantity int not null default 1,
BILSellingPrice money not null,
Constraint CKC_BILQuantity check (BILQuantity >= 1),
Constraint CKC_BILSelling check (BILSellingPrice >= 0),
Constraint PK_BILL_DETAILS Primary Key (SEL_ID, PRO_ID),
Constraint FK_BILL_DETAILS1 Foreign Key (PRO_ID)
REFERENCES PRODUCTS (PRO_ID) on update cascade,
Constraint FK_BILL_DETAILS2 Foreign Key (SEL_ID)
References SELLING_BILLS (SEL_ID)
on update cascade on delete cascade );
Slide 9
 4. Create stored procedure
4.1. Database Programming
4.2. What is a stored procedure?
4.3. Stored Procedure vs. SQL Statement
4.4. Stored procedure for Product_Types table
4.5. Stored procedure for Products table

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 4.1. Database Programming
4.1.1. Variable
4.1.2. Control-of-Flow Tool

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 4.1.1. Variable
 Declare a variable:
DECLARE @limit money
DECLARE @min_range int, @hi_range int
 Assign a value into a variable:
SET @min_range = 0, @hi_range = 100
SET @limit = $10
 Assign a value into a variable in SQL statement:
SELECT @price = price FROM titles WHERE 
title_id = 'PC2091'

Slide
 4.1.2. Control-of-Flow Tool
4.1.2.1. BEGIN…END
4.1.2.2. IF…ELSE
4.1.2.3. CASE … WHEN
4.1.2.4. RETURN [n]
4.1.2.5. WHILE
4.1.2.6. PRINT

Slide
 4.1.2.1. BEGIN…END
 Defines a statement block
 Other Programming Languages:
 C#, Java, C: { … }
 Pascal, Delphi: BEGIN … END

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 4.1.2.2. IF…ELSE

 Defines conditional and, optionally, alternate execution

when a condition is false
IF Boolean_expression 
T-SQL_statement | block_of_statements
[ELSE 
T-SQL_statement | block_of_statements ]
Example:
IF (SELECT ytd_sales FROM titles WHERE title_id = 'PC1035') > 5000
PRINT 'Year-to-date sales are  greater than $5,000 for PC1035.‘

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 4.1.2.3. CASE … WHEN
CASE input_expression
WHEN  when_expression  THEN result_expression 
[WHEN when_expression  THEN result_expression…n]
[ELSE else_result_expression ]
END
Example:
SELECT CASE payterms
WHEN 'Net 30' THEN 'Payable 30 days  after invoice'
WHEN 'Net 60' THEN 'Payable 60 days after invoice'  
WHEN 'On invoice' THEN 'Payable upon  receipt of invoice'     
ELSE 'None'    
END as Payment_Terms FROM sales ORDER BY payterms
Other Programming Language
C#, Java: Switch … Case ; VB: Select … Case

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 4.1.2.4. RETURN [n]
 Exits unconditionally of Trigger, Procedure or Function and
return a value (if any).

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 4.1.2.5. WHILE
 Repeats a statement (or block) while a specific condition is
true
WHILE Boolean_expression 
SQL_statement | block_of_statements
[BREAK] SQL_statement | block_of_statements
[CONTINUE]
Example:
WHILE (SELECT AVG(royalty) FROM roysched) < 25
BEGIN
UPDATE roysched SET royalty = royalty * 1.05
IF (SELECT MAX(royalty)FROM roysched) > 27 BREAK
ELSE CONTINUE
END
SELECT MAX(royalty) AS "MAX royalty" 
FROM roysched

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 4.1.2.6. PRINT
 Display message in SQL Query Analyze (Console)
PRINT string
 Other Programming Languages:
 Java: System.out.print
 C#, VB.NET: Console.WriteLine

Slide
 4.2. What is a stored procedure?
 A stored procedure is a collection of T-SQL statements that
SQL Server compiles into a single execution plan.
 Procedure is stored in cache area of memory when the stored
procedure is created so that it can be used repeatedly. SQL
Server does not have to recompile it every time the stored
procedure is run.
 It can accept input parameters, return output values as
parameters, or return success or failure status messages.
 Syntax
CREATE PROC[EDURE] procedure_name
[ {@parameter_name data_type} [= default] [OUTPUT]] [,...,n]
AS 
T-SQL_statement(s)
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 4.3. Stored Procedure vs. SQL Statement

SQL Statement Stored Procedure

Creating
- Check syntax
- Compile

First Time First Time

- Check syntax - Execute
- Compile - Return data
- Execute
- Return data

Second Time Second Time

- Check syntax - Execute
- Compile - Return data
- Execute
- Return data

Slide
 4.4. Stored procedure for Product type table
Create a stored procedure to insert product type information.
CREATE PROC insertProductType @TYP_ID int,
@TYPCode char(10), @TYPName varchar(30) = null
AS
Insert into Product_Types (TYP_ID, TYPCode, TYPName)
values (@TYP_ID, @TYPCode, @TYPName)

Use:
Exec insertProductType 1,’TYP-1’,’Product Type 1’;

Slide
 4.5. Stored procedure for Product table
Create a stored procedure to insert product information.
CREATE PROC insertProduct @typid int, @procode char(10),
@proname varchar(50) = null, @proquantity int = 0,
@proprice money = 0
AS
Declare @checkexist int
Select @checkexist = TYP_ID from Product_Types
Where TYP_ID = @typid
IF (@checkexist is null)
Begin
Print ‘This product type does not exists system!’
Return
End
Insert into Products
values (@typid,@procode,@proname,@proquantity,@proprice)
Slide
 5. Create function
5.1. What is a function?
5.2. Scalar function
5.3. Inline table-valued function
5.4. Multi-statement table-valued function

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 5.1. What is a function?
 Similar to Stored Procedure with value returning.
 SQL Server supports three types of user-defined functions:
 Scalar function
 Inline table-valued function
 Multi-statement table-valued function
 Syntax
CREATE FUNCTION function_name ([parameter(s)])
RETURNS Data-Type
AS
BEGIN
T-SQL Statements
END
Slide
 5.2. Scalar function
Create a function to return the number of products for a
particular product type.
CREATE FUNCTION numberOfProduct (@typid int)
RETURNS int
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @numpro int
SELECT @numpro = count(PRO_ID) FROM Products
WHERE TYP_ID = @typid
RETURN @numpro
END
Use:
SELECT dbo.numberOfProduct (1);

Slide
 5.3. Inline table-valued function
Create a function to return the number of products for each
product type.
CREATE FUNCTION numberOfProductAll () RETURNS table
AS
RETURN (SELECT TYPCode, TYPName,
Count(PRO_ID) as numpro
FROM Product_Types PT, Products P
WHERE PT.TYP_ID = P.TYP_ID
GROUP BY TYPCode, TYPName)
Use:
SELECT * FROM numberOfProductAll();

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 5.4. Multi-statement table-valued function
Create a function to return the number of rows for product type
and product tables.
CREATE FUNCTION rowOfTables () RETURNS
@table table (TableName varchar(50), Rows int)
AS
BEGIN
Declare @num int
Select @num = count(TYP_ID) From Product_Types
Insert into @table values(‘Product_Types’, @num)
Select @num = count(PRO_ID) From Products
Insert into @table values(‘Product’, @num)
Return
END
Use:
Select * From rowOfTables();
Slide
 The difference between 3 function types
 Scalar function, Inline table-valued functions and Multi-
Statement table-valued functions are User defined functions.
 Scalar Functions: A scalar function accepts any number of
parameters and returns one value.
 Inline Table-Valued Functions: This type of functions returns
a result set, much like a view. How ever ,unlike a
view,functions can accept parameters.
 Multi-Statement Table-Valued Functions: Multi-Statement
functions can be used to do some very unique things outside
the context of a standard SELECT statement. This type of
function returns a table-type result set,but the table is
explicitly constructed in script.

Slide
 List of Store Procedures by code
List all Procedures
SELECT * FROM sys.procedures
List all Procedure and code
SELECT object_definition(object_id) as [Proc Definition]
FROM sys.objects
WHERE type='p'

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 6. Create a trigger
6.1. What is a trigger?
6.2. Deleted and Inserted table
6.3. Trigger creating syntax
6.4. Trigger on SELLING_BILLS table
6.5. Trigger on BILL_DETAILS table
6.6. List of triggers on the database

Slide
 6.1. What is a trigger?
 A trigger is a special type of stored procedure that is executed
automatically as part of a data modification.
 A trigger is created on a table and associated with one or
more actions linked with a data modification (INSERT,
UPDATE, or DELETE).
 When one of the actions for which the trigger is defined
occurs, the trigger fires automatically
 Following are some examples of trigger uses:
 Maintenance of duplicate and derived data
 Complex column constraints
 Cascading referential integrity
 Complex defaults
 Inter-database referential integrity

Slide
 6.2. Deleted and Inserted table
 When you create a trigger, you have access to two temporary
tables (the deleted and inserted tables). They are referred to as
tables, but they are different from true database tables. They
are stored in memory—not on disk.
 When the insert, update or delete statement is executed. All
data will be copied into these tables with the same structure.
Insert Update Delete

new new old old

Inserted Table Deleted Table

 The values in the inserted and deleted tables are accessible

only within the trigger. Once the trigger is completed, these
tables are no longer accessible.
Slide
 6.3. Trigger creating syntax
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
ON <table_name>
{FOR | AFTER}
{[DELETE] [,] [INSERT] [,] [UPDATE]}
AS
BEGIN
T-SQL Statements
END

Slide
 6.4. Trigger on SELLING_BILLS table
Create a trigger to check the constraint of SELLING_BILLS
table when a row is inserted: One bill must have at least one
bill item.
CREATE TRIGGER SellingBillsOnInsert
ON Selling_Bills FOR Insert
AS
BEGIN
Declare @selid int, @numItems int
Select @selid = SEL_ID From inserted
Select @numItems = count(PRO_ID) From BILL_DETAILS
Where SEL_ID = @selid
IF (@numItems = 0)
BEGIN
print ‘This bill has no bill item!’
rollback tran
END
END
Slide
 6.5. Trigger on BILL_DETAILS table
6.5.1 Trigger on deleting
6.5.2 Trigger for Interrelation constraint

Slide
 6.5.1 Trigger on deleting
Create a trigger to check the constraint of BILL_DETAILS table
when a row is deleted: One bill must have at least one bill item.
Create trigger BillDetailsOnDelete
on Bill_Details
for delete
as
Declare @selid int, @numCurrentRows int
Select @selid = SEL_ID from Deleted group by SEL_ID
Select @numCurrentRows = count(PRO_ID)
From Bill_Details Where SEL_ID = @selid
IF (@numCurrentRows = 0)
BEGIN
print ‘Cannot delete this (these) bill item(s)!’
rollback tran
END
Slide
 6.5.2 Trigger for Interrelation constraint
Create a trigger to check the selling-price must be greater than
or equal to buying-price of the same product on bill details
table.
Create trigger checkSellingPrice
on BILL_DETAILS
for insert, update
as
Declare @sellprice money, @buyprice money, @proid int
Select @proid= PRO_ID, @sellprice = BILSellingPrice from inserted
Select @buyprice = PROBuyingPrice
From PRODUCTS where PRO_ID = @proid
IF (@sellprice < @buyprice)
BEGIN
print 'Selling Price must be greater than or equal to Buying Price!'
rollback tran
END

Slide
 6.6 List of triggers on the database
List of triggers
SELECT * FROM sys.triggers

List of triggers belong to tables

SELECT TAB.name as Table_Name, TRIG.name as Trigger_Name,
Comments.Text as TriggerText
FROM [sys].[triggers] as TRIG
Inner Join sys.tables as TAB on TRIG.parent_id = TAB.object_id
Inner Join syscomments Comments On TRIG.object_id = Comments.id
WHERE TRIG.is_disabled = 0;

Disible trigger
DISABLE TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name

Enable trigger
ENABLE TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name

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 ?
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