CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

WHAT IS CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

•Is also known as

Transport System.
•Transport important
gases and nutrients to
body cells and carry
metabolic wastes to the
organs of excretion.
•Plays important
roles in
maintaining
homeostasis
 Homeostasis – BALANCE
•Exchanging •Controlling
molecules the chemical
makeup of
the blood
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM – consists of two
basic types.
OPEN TYPE CLOSED TYPE
(Cardiovascular System)

• Blood is pumped • Blood is pumped

through open- by the heart
ended vessels and through vessels
diffuses out of the and does not fill
body. body cavities.
OPEN TYPE
• Requires less energy for pumping blood.

• It suits for small animals because oxygen takes more

time to reach the extremities of the body.

• Also, it suited animals with slow metabolism because

they are less active in processes such locomotion,
digestion, and respiration. Thus they don’t require high
amount of oxygen.
CLOSED TYPE
(Cardiovascular System)

•Suitable for organism with fast

metabolism.
•Blood is circulated at a higher
pressure and delivered quickly
throughout the body.
CLOSED TYPE
(Cardiovascular System)

• Organism with this type of circulation have

comparatively lower blood volume-to-body size
ratio, they are able to move around, digest food,
and eliminate waste more easily and quickly.

• They also have efficient distribution of antibodies

in their transport system, their immune responses
are more effective in fighting off body infections.
Parts of Cardiovascular System
 • The heart is a muscular
organ about the size of your
clenched fist.
• It pumps blood through the
blood vessels.
• Located between the lungs.

1.1Structure of the Heart

1.1 Structure of the Heart

Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium

• A membrane that lines • The thickest layer • The thin outermost layer of the
heart wall that extends with the
the interior of the
heart.
of the cardiac •
fibrous sac enclosing the heart.
The pericardium consists of two
• It is made up of a thin,
muscles. membranes.
• The space between these
smooth layer of cells • It is responsible membranes of the pericardium
that resembles the for pumping
protects the heart from friction as
the heart contracts.
squamous epithelium
in the walls of the oral blood through the • Aside from covering and protecting
the heart, the pericardium also
cavity. blood vessels. connects the heart to the
diaphragm and the breastbone.
1.1 Structure of the Heart

Endocardium
• A membrane that lines the interior of
the heart.
• It is made up of a thin, smooth layer
of cells that resembles the squamous
epithelium in the walls of the oral
cavity.
1.1 Structure of the Heart
Myocardium

• The thickest layer of the cardiac

muscles.
• It is responsible for pumping blood
through the blood vessels.
1.1 Structure of the Heart

Epicardium
• The thin outermost layer of the
heart wall that extends with the
fibrous sac enclosing the heart.
• The pericardium consists of two
membranes.
1.1 Structure of the Heart

Epicardium
• The space between these membranes of
the pericardium protects the heart from
friction as the heart contracts.
• Aside from covering and protecting the
heart, the pericardium also connects the
heart to the diaphragm and the
breastbone.
The human heart is a double pump in one organ.

The right side pumps oxygen-

poor blood to the lungs through
the Pulmonary Circuit.

The left side of the heart

receives oxygen-rich blood
from the lungs and is circulated
throughout the body through
the Systemic Circuit.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

1.1 Structure of the Heart

4
chambers
of the
heart
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-SA-NC
1.1 Structure of the Heart

The atria is a
small chamber
with thin walls,
that pump
blood into the
lower chamber. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-SA-NC
1.1 Structure of the Heart

The ventricles are

larger than the atria
and have thicker
muscular walls,
pumping blood out of
the heart and into the
other parts of the body. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-SA-NC
• Atrioventricular
valves (Tricuspid
Valve)
• Mitral valve
(Bicuspid)
• Pulmonary Valve
(Semilunar)

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1.2 BLOOD VESSELS – which blood is transported

ARTERIES VEINS CAPILLARIES

• Carries blood away from the • Return the blood to the heart • Finest and smallest of the three
heart and into the capillaries and drain the capillaries in the types of blood vessels.
that connect to the tissues. tissues.
• Have thinner and less elastic
• Have thick and elastic walls that • Have thinner walls but wider walls than arteries and veins.
are strong enough to receive than arteries.
high-pressure blood pumped from • Facilitate the exchange of
the heart's ventricles. • Equip with one-way valves that materials between the blood
allow blood flow only in one and the body cells or between
• The aorta largest artery and has direction toward the heart. the blood and the lung tissues.
the thickest wall.
• Venules are the small veins. • It also connect arterioles and
• The arterioles are the smallest venules.
subdivisions of arteries, with
thinner walls and less elastic
connective tissues.
 ARTERIES
• Carries blood away from the heart and into
the capillaries that connect to the tissues.

• Have thick and elastic walls that are

strong enough to receive high-pressure
blood pumped from the heart's ventricles.
 ARTERIES
• The aorta largest artery and has the
thickest wall.

• The arterioles are the smallest

subdivisions of arteries, with thinner
walls and less elastic connective tissues.
 VEINS
• Return the blood to the heart and drain the
capillaries in the tissues.
• Have thinner walls but wider than arteries.

• Equip with one-way valves that allow blood flow only

in one direction toward the heart.

• Venules are the small veins.

 CAPILLARIES
• Finest and smallest of the three types of blood vessels.
• Have thinner and less elastic walls than arteries and veins.
• Facilitate the exchange of materials between the blood
and the body cells or between the blood and the lung
tissues.

• It also connects arterioles and venules.

 1.3 Blood

• Blood accounts for about 7% to

8% of the total body weight.

• The volume varies with the size

of a person.

• An average male adult weighing

70 kilograms or 154 pounds has
about 5 liters of blood.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
 1.3 Blood

• Blood helps maintain homeostasis.

• Transport oxygen and nutrients to

the cells and remove carbon
dioxide, ammonia, and other
waste products.

• Helps boosts the immune system

to protect a person against
disease-causing organism.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
 1.3 Components of the blood - PLASMA

• 55% of the blood

volume is plasma,
the liquid part of
the blood.

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1.3 Components of the blood - PLASMA

•Plasma is
90% of
water.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
 1.3 Components of the blood - PLASMA

• The remaining 10% of

plasma comprises the
different substances
dissolved and
suspended in water.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

 1.3 Components of the blood - PLASMA

• Plasma proteins
hold the second
largest percentage
and it includes;

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1.3 Components of the blood - PLASMA

1. Albumin

• most abundant plasma in

the blood.
• It is manufactured in the
liver.
• Maintains the osmotic
pressure of the blood to
regulate blood flow.
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1.3 Components of the blood - PLASMA

2. Clotting factors

• Proteins that are

switched on in a
certain sequence
called clotting
cascade when a blood
vessel is damaged.

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1.3 Components of the blood - PLASMA

3. Antibodies
• Help fight infections,

• Several proteins
collectively make up the
complement system, the
innate immune system
that helps antibodies
defend against pathogens.
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 1.3 Components of the blood - PLASMA

• Blood plasma
transports food
nutrients and oxygen
to the cells of the
body.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

 1.3 Components of the blood - PLASMA

• Carries waste from

the cells.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

 1.3 Components of the blood - PLASMA

• Maintains the body’s

chemical balance,
water content, and
temperature.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

 Formed Elements
They normally take 45% of the blood volume
and consist primarily of three cellular
components.
• Also called ERYTHROCYTE.
• Due to hemoglobin RBC can carry oxygen, an iron-
containing protein and it gives the red color of the RBC.
• Also called THROMBOCYTES.
• The ratio of platelets to blood cells is about 1:20
• When number of platelets is low it’s called thrombocytopenia.
Causing bruising and abnormal bleeding.
• When a high number of platelets called thrombocythemia.
Cause blood to clot excessively and stroke or heart attack.
Life Span

Erythrocytes circulate in the

bloodstream for 20-120 days.
Life Span

Leukocytes circulate in the

blood for only 6 to 8 hours.
Some may enter the tissues
where they can survive for
days, months, or even years.
Life Span

Blood platelets
survive for 10
days.
Life Span

Compared to other
cells in the body, blood
cells are short-lived.
Life Span

Since these cells are

essential for survival,
they need to be
replaced constantly.
Life Span

Most blood components

are produced in the
red bone marrow.