INSTRUMENTATION
K.V.S Subramanyeswara Rao
HOD, EEE department
Government Polytechnic Pendurthi
Agenda
What is Instrumentation?
Need and role of
instrumentation in industry?
Tools used in
Instrumentation.
Various types of measuring
parameters.
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What is Instrumentation is the basic process
Instrumentation? control in industry.
In industrial control a wide number
of variables like temperature, flow,
level, pressure are measured.
Total control of these interdependent
variables into single process in
known as Instrumentation of
Industry.
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Safety of plant operation.
Need for
instrumentation
in Industry? High production rate.
To maintain product composition within specified
quality limits.
Lowest production cost.
Inspection and maintenance of the machinery.
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Role Of Instrumentation setup in instrumentation lab.
Instrumentation
Engineer in Manage program instrumentation applied
Industry? instrumentation tasks.
Trounle-shooting, testing instrumentation and
problem solving.
Maintain control of preventive maintenance for
required instruments..
Assits in preparation of preliminary and long-range
plans, cost estimates and budgets.
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Circuit
Breakers
Wiring Diagram Working
DEFINITION COMPONENTS
Circuit breaker is a device Contacts:
used to interrupt the faulty or Allow flow of current through circuit
fluctuating current and breakers when closed.
perform the function of a Arc extinguisher: Extinguishes arcs
switch, in turn protecting the when the circuit breaker interrupts a fault.
electrical system from Trip Unit:
damage. In event of short circuit, a trip unit opens
It prevents the system from operating mechanism.
overcurrents. Frame:
Protects the internal parts of circuit
breakers.
Operating Mechanism:
It provides a channel for opening and
closing a circuit breaker.
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Pictures of
Circuit Breakers
Miniature Circuit Breaker Moulded Case Circuit Earth Leakage Circuit
Breaker Breaker
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Transducer Transducer is a device which when
actuated converts one form of
energy into another.
The convertion of one form of
signal and other form of signal can
be done by using them.
Instrumentation is heavily
depended on transucers.
Tool Used In 1.Temperature Measurement.
Instrumentation?
2.Pressure Measurement.
3.Level Measurement.
4.Flow Measurement.
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Temperature
Measurement
RTD
• RTD stands for Resistance Temperature Detector.
• Manufactured by winding platinum wire on a ceramic or
glass core and sealing element.
• Temperature range is in the range of -200 to 650 degree
Celsius.
Working Principle:
• When a metal in pure form is heated then metals having
positive temperature coefficient varies.
• Thus resistance increases with increase in temperature.
Temperature
Measurement
THERMOCOUPLE
• It works on the principle of Seeback effect.
• Consists of two dissimilar metals, joined together at one
end.
• When junction of two metals is heated or cooled a
voltage is produced that can be correlated back to
temperature.
Pressure
Measurement
• The pressure to be measured is connected to fixed
open end of bourdon tube.
• Due to the applied pressure on the inner walls in the
tube, it tends to change in cross-section from elliptical
to circular.
• This tends to straighten bourdon tube causing
displacement of free end of bourden tube is
proportional to applied pressure.
• The pointer is calibrated to indicate the applied
pressure directly.
• 1 bar = 14.5 psi = 1000 N/SqM
Level Measurement
Capacitive Level Sensor
• The metal rod of electrode acts as one plate of
capacitor and tank wall acts as other plate.
• As level rises, air or gas displaced by material
having a different dielectric constant .
• Thus by calculating the capacitance we can know
the level .
Level Measurement
Float Level Sensor
• It is not continuous measurement. It is a on/off
controller.
• As level increases a metallic contact inside the float
becomes open and no supply comes from this
contact.
• When level moves down again the contact becomes
close and supply becomes continuous.
Level Measurement
Ultra Sonic Level Sensor
• Consists of two main parts Transmitter and
Receiver.
• Placed on tank in which level is to measured.
• Transmitter directs sound waves to the matter and
those waves gets reflected back from surface.
• Receiver receives the waves and counts down time
delay between transmission and back receive.
• Ultrasonic sound is created by Piezoelectric crystal
inside the sensor.
• Converts electrical energy to ultrasonic sound
energy.
• It is continuous type measurement type, non-
contacting and continuous measurement sensor.
Flow Measurement
Rotameter
• The operation is based on variable area principle.
• Fluid flow raises a float in a tapered tube,
increasing area of passage of the fluid.
• The greater the flow, the higher the float is raised.
• Height of float is directly proportional to flow rate.
Flow Measurement
Ultrasonic Flow Sensor
• Uses sound waves to determine the velocity of the
fluid flowing in pipe.
• Fluid moves faster, frequency shift increases
linearly.
• Transmitter processors signals from the transmitted
wave and its reflections to determine the flow rate
Thank you
K.V.S Subramanyeswara Rao
HOD, EEE department
Government Polytechnic Pendurthi
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