Life Saving Rules

Engagement Pack supporting the transition

to Industry Life-Saving Rules
READ ME FIRST – An Introduction to this engagement
pack
Why the Life-Saving Rules matter? What is my role? How do I use this pack?

 At PDO, we put people at the heart of everything  We help each other to comply 100% with  This engagement pack is your key to
we do and maintain a relentless focus on living PDO’s Life-Saving Rules. leading conversations that ensure
our values and Goal Zero. a successful implementation of PDO’s
 Leaders must create the conditions for safety expectations. Use it as a valuable
 We care about the health and safety of all our staff people to feel safe and responsible to resource in preparation for the transition.
and contractors. The Life-Saving Rules exist in speak up. This happens by setting the Make sure to bookmark the link from
order to do exactly what they say: Save lives! tone, inviting people to participate and website and have the most up-to-date
responding in a way that shows we are version at hand.
 Transitioning to a new set of Life-Saving always open to learn from one another.
Rules (IOGP*) is an integral part of PDO’s  Use the suggested engagement flow
refreshed approach to safety. This:  We inspire each other to have ongoing, (Slide_3)
 Simplifies and standardises PDO’s approach quality conversations on how the rules
to safety with our industry partners apply. Everyone must understand that Contents:
 Broadens scope of the rules focusing on work only starts when everyone is clear on
potential for harm to people (e.g. ‘Line of how the rules apply and feels safe.  How do I engage my team?
Fire’)
 Creates greater individual and team  Why change our Life-Saving Rules?
ownership through ‘I-statements’.
 What is changing?

 How do I make it real?

*IOGP= International Association of Oil and Gas Producers

Suggested flow for a 45-minute session with your Front-Line Team
Intent: Intent: Intent:

Give your team an Engage your team in a meaningful and open discussion Be clear on what is expected

energetic explanation of on the rules including a 'deep dive' on one rule from your team now.

the LSRs 10 45
40
min min min

5 5 30 5
min min
min Read the min

speaker notes Deep dive o

n
Why change our for context Kick-off the discussion with some of the What is my role?
Introduction
Life-Saving Rules? from the
your team
rules: How do I make it real?
Presentation
Provided by
MSE

Which rule
will we disc
u ss
next time?

Remember! This is not a one-off discussion. Discuss another rule at the next opportunity!
 Why Transition to Industry Life Saving Rules?
Simplify and standardise Broader scope focusing on potential for harm to people Greater individual and team ownership

en
Lives saved wh
New 'line of fire' Expansion of Ru
les: how
Three dr we all discuss
ivin rule sharpens i) Clear intent
- fore
th e r ules simp g Safe Mechanic rules apply b e
l sp e a k lified attention on the al based actio
ns fo llow
We wil u ag e as to one distance and
Lifting for individu starting work,
n g als “I ork
same la f our n (Expansion of them during w
50 o tners
0 + position betwee statements”
if they
people and
the earlier rule and intervene
ct Par are not b ng
ei
Contra hazards
do not walk
under suspende
d followed
Drugs and load)
Alcohol & ii) Hot work
Smoking
(Expansion of
removed – b
ut the earlier rule
no policy
on Gas test)
change!

‘I Statements’ that create

ownership
What is Changing? From 12 LSRs to 9 Industry LSRs
LSR Data Reported To IOGP

Percentage of Life-Saving Rules allocated to fatal

IOGP Life-Saving Rules allocated to fatal incidents (2016–2020) 1
incidents where a rule was allocated (2020)

9% Unspecified Bypassing safety controls

Confined space
45% Line of Fire
9% Safe mechanical Driving
lifting Energy isolation
Hot work
Line of Fire

9% Driving Safe mechanical lifting

Work at height
Work authorisation
9% Bypassing safety Other issue
controls Insufficient information
Unspecified

0 10 20 30 40 50
18% Energy isolation

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

 Line of Fire Incidents - PDO

LOF LTIs & Fatalities

Line of Fire Incidents 1% 3% PRESSURIZED EQUIPMENT
13
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 26 %
% MOVING VEHICLES/ HEAVY
EQUIPMENT
0 8
LIFTING/HOISTING
0 %
Fatality 0 MACHINERY & TOOLS

1 WORKING AT HEIGHT/
DROPPED OBJECTS
1
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
18
TENSIONED LINES/SPRING
17 LOADED DEVICES
7
LTI 7 % OBJECTS WITH ROLL OR
20 2 FALL POTENTIAL
%
24 40% PROJECTILES

0 5 10 15 20 25
Smoking and Drugs & Alcohol removed from the set of Life
Saving Rules but no policy change
Removal of

and

Does not
mean
policy
change!
HSE Management System (HSE MS) and 8

local Employee Manual Policy (EMP)

LINE OF FIRE – CONVERSATION

What is Line of Resources

Fire?

Case studies and Reflective learning

conversation starters conversation
LINE OF FIRE

Keep yourself and others out of the

line of fire
• I position myself to avoid:
 moving objects
 vehicles
 pressure releases
 dropped objects
• I establish and obey barriers and exclusion zones
• I take action to secure loose objects and report potential
dropped objects
 Reflective Learning - Line of Fire Injuries
LINE OF FIRE: The Zone Within a work area where there is a risk of serious injury from moving
Objects, Vehicles, Pressure releases and Dropped Objects.
PRESSURIZED EQUIPMENT MACHINERY & TOOLS TENSIONED LINES/SPRING LOADED
Have you verified zero energy before cutting into
Are people working near equipment with
parts that can move suddenly?
DEVICES
or opening any equipment? Are you aware to stay well clear of tensioned
lines(i.e chain, cable and rope), strapping
Could equipment rotate unexpectedly or
Even after verification of zero energy, do you keep and coiled or spring-loaded devices?
continue to coast when de-energized?
your body out of line of fire?
Have you considered the potential for pipe
Can hands and fingers be trapped?
Are all compressed gas cylinders secured and movement when cutting or unbolting?
upright with caps installed?

MOVING VEHICLES/ HEAVY EQUIPMENT WORKING AT HEIGHT/ DROPPED OBJECTS WITH ROLL OR FALL
Have adequate precautions been taken in a workplace where there OBJECTS POTENTIAL
are moving vehicles? Are any top-heavy items or objects
Has a drop zone been established under any that can roll secured?
work being performed at height?
Are parking brakes and wheel chocks used for
Vehicles/equipment parked on an incline? What will you do if a load shifts? Stay out of harm’s way
Have all tools and equipment been secured by
those working above? Are loads secured before lifting, loading, unloading or
Dose the operator have a clear view of personnel in the immediate
area? If not, is there a banksman present? transporting?

LIFTING/HOISTING ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT PROJECTILES

Are you aware of task that generate flying
Are other workers prevented from entering a Do you avoid working on or near energized debris such as grinding, chipping, abrasive
lifting/hoisting zone? electrical equipment? blasting etc..?
Could a load swing when being lifted or lowered? When switching a breaker into position, do Are steps taken to contain projectiles and / or
you always stand aside in case of an arc barricade
Has rigging equipment been loaded to more that its flash? and restrict access?
maximum safe limit?
Objectives

 Increase awareness of the Line of Fire Life-Saving Rule

 Provide guidance on how to support compliance

Resources
 Enable discussions on how to prevent Line of Fire risks in planning,

design, and execution

Line of Fire
Industry Life-Saving Rule #1
Case Study

A truck used for transporting workers, water and equipment was

parked at a worksite with the engine still running. During a break,
workers approached the truck to get water. All workers but one
return to their work. This worker had collected sandbags from the
truck and was preparing the bags for use while sitting next to the
truck. The driver did not notice him, and without performing any
walk-around, started the truck, fatally running over the worker.

Line of fire hazards are not always obvious or constant, and can be introduced as
the task progresses.

At all times individuals continually monitor their surroundings and position

themselves to avoid being in the line of fire. This includes ensuring you are
visible to vehicle drivers and equipment operators.

Individuals recognise when they create a line of fire hazard and put others or
themselves in the line of fire.
LINE OF FIRE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

 When could something begin to move?

Equipment
 Where are the pinch points?
or machines
 What controls are there for people working in proximity?

 Where is any stored energy that could be released?

Pressure  What could cause pressure to release?
 Are there any hidden pressure hazards?

 Where are people working close to vehicle route?

Vehicles  Is the working area noisy so people may not be able to hear?
 Where could someone be caught between vehicle movement?

 What could fall?

Drops  Where could it go?
 What can you do to prevent the fall and fail safely?
Conversation Starts With Front-Line Teams
Here are the ‘top 10’ self-reflection questions to start conversations in your team on Line of Fire.
5-10 MINUTES

How can risks assessments define how

How can we make sure we
people will be protected from Line of
What are some of the critical or additional are constantly learning how
Fire hazards (e.g. separation
controls that might be needed e.g. to better communicate, address and improve
of people and plant, high impact gloves
visual/auditory indications to make sure we how we manage Line of Fire risks?
etc)?
‘fail safely’?

How do leaders create an environment

How can we identify the ‘unseen’ (many Line that enables the job to be set up safely
Which of our hazardous activities does the Line
of Fire hazards are invisible; electricity, with the right hierarchy of controls to
of Fire rule apply to (think of stored energy,
pressure, tension, unexpected centre of manage Line of Fire risks?
moving parts and objects that can move or fall)?
gravity)?

How do we make sure Line

of Fire hazards are managed with barriers in
What makes it difficult to comply with the Line What are the opportunities to design out Line place and working as intended i.e. what are
of Fire Rule? of Fire risks? the questions we should ask ourselves before
we start work?
What Makes Compliance With Line of Fire Rule Difficult?

There may be complexity in managing Line of Fire

Life-Saving Rule due to:

 Shared accountability for compliance either between people or due to

overlaps in requirements from other Rule(s). For example, being hit by an
object from overhead due to no/improper barricades
 Line of Fire hazards (pressure, electricity, tension etc) are often unseen or
unknown to the person at risk. For example, vessel under pressure, a line under
tension, walking under a suspended load or an abnormal centre of gravity
 Risk normalisation: perception that the work task has less than the actual
potential for harm. For example, an attitude that “this is the way we always
do this job here”
Hazard Identification
With Examples, Controls and Recovery
HAZARD CATEGORIES EXAMPLES CONTROLS RECOVERY MEASURES
MOTION  Driving  Journey management  Seat belts, air bags
Dynamics  Using hand tools  Equipment isolations  PPE
Speed  Equipment, moving or rotating parts  Inspect equipment prior to use  Emergency response plans
Vibration  Transient vehicles  Proper tool for the job  EPIRB
Noise  Tides and sea state  Weather information  Equipment guards
 Vessel moving/towage  In vehicle monitoring systems  Buoyancy aides

HEIGHT  Ground/slope stability  Check scaffold tagging prior to use  Harness/lanyard equipment
Gravity  Objects overhead  Maintain 3-point contact  Hardhats/PPE
Dropped objects  Personnel at height  Scissor lift requirements
Falls  Drowning (Sloped pools, fall from offshore platform)  Barrier and warning signs
 Excavation  Gas testing of excavation pits
 Shoring

PRESSURE  Leakages  Lockout/tagout and isolation requirements  Eliminate ignition sources

Under stress  Gas/liquid under pressure  Body positioning/Line of Fire restrictions  Establish proper clearances
Vacuum  Spring loaded devices  Hydrostatic testing  Flammable gas detection
 Relief valve
 Pressure control instrumentation

ELECTRICITY  Voltages  Body positioning/Line of Fire restrictions  Limited, restricted and prohibited
Shocks  Batteries  Lockout/tagout and isolation requirements  Approach boundaries
Sparks  Incident energy  Weather report and detection systems  Emergency response plans
 Electrostatic energy
 Lightning

FIRE & EXPLOSION  Leaks and spills  Pressure testing  Emergency response plans
Hydrocarbons  Refined hydrocarbons and vapours  Housekeeping  PPE
Combustibles  Congestion  Ventilation  Fire fighting/extinguishers
Smoke  Instrumentation protective functions
 Facility siting
 Hot work permits
 Activity
20 - 30

Breakout Session
MINUTES

Please select the rules relevant to your nature

of work and have an open discussion
Bypassing Safety Controls

Obtain authorisation before overriding or disabling

safety-controls

• I understand and use safety-critical equipment

and procedures which apply to my task
• I obtain authorisation before:
 disabling or overriding safety equipment
 deviating from procedures
 crossing a barrier
Bypassing Safety Controls
Industry Life-Saving Rule #2
Case Study
A senior Operator who had just started his morning shift went to check the pig receiver
station for the presence of a pig launched into the 13” gas pipeline (13 km, 1050 psi). As
the pig transit time was highly variable (from few hours to days), it was local practice to
repeatedly open the pig trap, the pig signaller was considered unreliable. Some 20
minutes later the pig trap closure shot forward. The ensuing blast resulted in the victim
and a VSD skid (VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE) (3300lbs) being propelled overboard. The
victim did not survive.

Safety-critical controls include:

 Equipment (such as fire and explosion protection and mitigation systems,

guards, interlocks, alarms and safety-critical monitoring equipment) whose
purpose is to prevent a fatality or other major accident, limit the
consequences of a major accident, or whose failure could cause or
contribute substantially to a fatality or other major accident.
 Procedures that if not performed correctly or at the right time could result
in a fatality or other major accident.
Confined Space

Obtain authorisation before entering a confined space

• I confirm energy sources are isolated

• I confirm the atmosphere has been tested and is
monitored
• I check and use my breathing apparatus when
required
• I confirm there is an attendant standing by
• I confirm a rescue plan is in place
• I obtain authorisation to enter
Confined Space
Industry Life-Saving Rule #3
Case Study

Two Welders were working together to repair an external weld on a

vertically orientated pipe spool. Following the completion of the
repair, one of the welders placed a ladder inside the pipe spool and
entered the pipe to inspect the weld repair. Upon entering the pipe
they collapsed. The other welder went to try to rescue his colleague,
entered the pipe and also collapsed. Both welders died.

A confined space, such as a vessel, tank, pipe, cellar, or excavation can

contain:
 explosive gas,
 toxic or asphyxiating atmosphere
 or other dangers such: as energy releases, lack of oxygen, exposure to
hazardous chemicals, things that can fall on you or crush you, or that
you can fall from.

Authorised access keeps you safe.

Driving

Follow safe driving rules

• I always wear a seatbelt

• I do not exceed the speed limit, and reduce my speed
for road conditions
• I do not use phones or operate devices while driving
• I am fit, rested and fully alert while driving
• I follow journey management requirements
Driving
Industry Life-Saving Rule #4
Case Study

A third-party vehicle was overtaking in an unsafe place.

It hit a Company vehicle head on.

Both vehicles were severely damaged in the crash. The company

driver and passengers were wearing seatbelts and walked away from
the crash. The driver of the other vehicle was not wearing a seatbelt
and did not survive.

Both driver and passengers should take responsibility for each other’s
safety, for example by ensuring all occupants are wearing a seatbelt and
the driver is not distracted or fatigued.

Fitness for duty means assuring that an individual can complete a task
safely and without unacceptable risk to themselves or other. This
includes not being under the influence of drugs and alcohol.
Energy Isolation

Verify isolation and zero energy before work

begins

• I have identified all energy sources

• I confirm that hazardous energy sources have
been isolated, locked, and tagged
• I have checked there is zero energy and tested
for residual or stored energy
Energy Isolation
Industry Life-Saving #5
Case Study

A contractor employee was electrocuted when a new power pole

was raised prematurely and contacted an energised overhead
electrical line, conducting current through the pole’s ground wire to
a worker on the ground. The new power pole was being installed
between two existing poles that held the energised overhead lines.

Energy isolation separates people from hazards such as electricity,

pressure and energised equipment.
Energy isolation also provides protection from potential energy sources
e.g. positioning valves to prevent tanks filling with materials due to
gravity.
Any stored energy (hydraulic or pneumatic power, for instance) should
also be released before the work starts.
Hot Work

Control flammables and ignition sources

• I identify and control ignition sources

• Before starting any hot work:
 I confirm flammable material has been removed
or isolated
 I obtain authorisation
• Before starting hot work in a hazardous area I confirm:
 a gas test has been completed
 gas will be monitored continually
Hot Work
Industry Life-Saving Rule #6

Case Study

Three contractors died and one contractor suffered serious injuries

in an explosion and fire at an oil field. The contractors, were
standing on top of a series of four oil production tanks. They were
preparing to weld piping to the tanks when a welding tool likely
ignited flammable vapours from the tanks.

Ignition sources are open flames or sources of heat that could ignite
materials in the work area such as welding, grinding, smoking,
torching, (un)loading of hazardous materials, internal combustion
engines, chemical reactions, batteries, etc
Hot work includes any work that creates an ignition source performed
in an area which has potential for hydrocarbons or flammable materials.
Safe Mechanical Lifting

Plan lifting operations and control

the area

• I confirm that the equipment and load have

been inspected and are fit for purpose
• I only operate equipment that I am qualified to
use
• I establish and obey barriers and exclusion
zones
• I never walk under a suspended load
Safe Mechanical Lifting
Industry Life-Saving Rule #7
Case Study

A crew was pulling out the pump and tubing from a water well to
move it to another well. The pipe joints were pulled out directly by
connecting the auxiliary hook of a crane with the lifting sub on the
pipe joint. As the bottom side of a pipe joint was placed on the
ground, and while the top portion was still being lowered, the
lifting sub with tubing got disconnected from the crane hook. The
pipe fell towards the well where a worker was standing and
connecting another lifting sub, fatally injuring him.

A suspended load is an object that is temporarily lifted and hangs above

the ground, it can fall on you, or swing and crush you.
Lifting operations need to be planned and performed by competent
personnel using certified equipment that has been inspected and is fit
for the specific lift.
To protect people around suspended loads and any lifting operations,
access should be controlled through physical barriers and exclusion
zones.
Work Authorisation

Work with a valid permit when required

• I have confirmed if a permit is required

• I am authorised to perform the work
• I understand the permit
• I have confirmed that hazards are controlled and it is safe
to start
• I stop and reassess if conditions change
PDO PTW Process and TRIC with the New LSR
Contact UOP6 for the latest TRIC design
Work Authorization
Industry Life-Saving Rule #8
Case Study

A terminal process system was pressuring up at the final stage of

whole plant shut down for maintenance, a gas leakage was found
around the door of a Refrigeration Unit filter. Two Mechanics were
informed to fix it. After the filter was depressurised by one of the
duty operators, they started working on the filter without
authorisation from the site management. While the Junior
Mechanic was loosening the bolts under the instruction of the
Senior Mechanic, the door burst open fatally injuring the Senior
Mechanic.

Work authorisation is more than just a person in charge signing a

Permit to Work form: it is seeking and having authorisation to start,
resume, or hand-over a task.
The person in charge of the work confirms that it is safe to start, that
controls are in place and effective and the task can be performed as
planned.
If anything changes during the work, stop and reassess.
Working at Height

Protect yourself against a fall when working at

height

• I inspect my fall protection equipment before use

• I secure tools and work materials to prevent
dropped objects
• I tie off 100% to approved anchor points while
outside a protected area
Working at Height
Industry Life-Saving Rule #9
Case Study

A derrick person was working on the derrick board of a rig. After

taking a break, the individual climbed back up to the derrick board
and did not attach his fall protection device after unhooking from
the climb assist. The worker grabbed the first stand of pipe with
the tail rope which helped keep his balance as the elevators were
being sent up to attach to the pipe. When he released the tail rope,
he lost his balance and fell 90 ft. to the rig floor, where he was
fatally injured.

Working at height outside a protected area (such as an elevated work

area not enclosed by hand rails) requires the use of approved fall
protection equipment secured to an approved anchor point. Other
considerations for working at height include ladders, work over water,
rope access, floor openings, access hatches, and inspection pits. Floor
openings should be protected with physical barriers to prevent falls.
Preventing objects from falling from height and using physical barriers
below working area keeps you and people working below you safe.
 LSR Consequence Matrix
Acknowledging that everyone can make mistakes or errors, ensuring we set clear performance standards and learn from
incidents, are part of how we help each other to follow the Life-Saving Rules.

When something does go wrong, we priorities the learnings and apply an approach called Fair Event Handling. Fair event
Handling is how we expect leaders to respond, and the processes that they should follow related to the findings from an
adverse HSE event.

 If a life-saving rule is not followed, despite all enabling

conditions being in place, then consequence
management may have a place
 Consequence management should apply in line with
local HR policy depending on how behaviours are
classified.
 More details on peer-to-peer / non peer-to-peer
intervention and reporting of Life-Saving Rule events
here
http://pdointernet/hsepoc/pages/default.aspx?RefID=ED24F
What is expected of the Sites/Assets/ and other Directorates
in the company?

Identify changes (if Contract Holders to Line leaders, HSE and Work towards an
any) to their local determine final list of Contract Holders to assurance activity to
specifications / Mode 2 (High/Med) prepare and conduct ensure old PDO LSRs
procedures, HSE Contractors moving to line-led engagement are removed at site
documentation etc.. industry LSR and sessions on the LSR level
modify C9

**Full compliant to new 9 LSRs, no exception remains (PDO and Contractors)

In summary! What is MY role?
Making it real – using a Learner
Mindset
COMPLY
Never forget: Life-Saving Rules save lives!
If in doubt or facing a dilemma – speak up!

TALK, SHARE & LEARN…

How do you encourage your team to learn together?
Take every opportunity to be curious and reflect on how
the Rules apply

INTERVENE TO CARE
Self-report. We all make mistakes
Look out for your colleagues in how the Rules apply
RESTRICTED
Industry Life-Saving Rules at a glance

Scan the QR code

to watch the
Video animations

Watch the LSR Video animations in the Links below:

Internal URL: http://pdointernet/hseforcontractors/LSR/Pages/Home.aspx
External URL: https://www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/LSR/Pages/Home.aspx