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C2. Batteries and Evb 2023

The document discusses batteries for automobiles and electric vehicles, including starting batteries, EV batteries, and various battery technologies. It provides an introduction to batteries and their uses in vehicles, along with numerous video links for learning about batteries. The document also outlines several potential homework and research topics related to batteries for vehicles and electric vehicles.

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Khánh Thái
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44 views35 pages

C2. Batteries and Evb 2023

The document discusses batteries for automobiles and electric vehicles, including starting batteries, EV batteries, and various battery technologies. It provides an introduction to batteries and their uses in vehicles, along with numerous video links for learning about batteries. The document also outlines several potential homework and research topics related to batteries for vehicles and electric vehicles.

Uploaded by

Khánh Thái
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ho Chi Minh City

University of Technology and Education

AUTOMOBILE AND EV BATTERIES

Do Van Dung, Ass. Prof. PhD


Faculty of Vehicle Engineering
Email: [email protected]
Mobile: 0903644706
INTRODUCTION
• Why the battery in cars called: Cranking or starting battery?
• Invented in 1859 by Gaston Plante (France)
• A lead-acid storage battery is an electrochemical device that produces
voltage and delivers electrical current, mainly for cranking.
• Battery does not store electricity, but through a chemical process
electricity is produced.
VIDEO CLIPS TO WATCH FOR BATTERY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnPRX5zQWLw
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0eE_5GZZiE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxMM4g2Sk8U&t=78s
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxMM4g2Sk8U
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTb3SNtwTjg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOBBwx3Cbbk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ1etjdsZAg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oh5ULFMsQHU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwB7_QnJkk0
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMNMA93YsQ4
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXYJ1xC10j4
• https://www.redarc.com.au/explication-alternateur-intelligent-vs-alternateur-%C3%A0-tension-fixe
VIDEO CLIPS TO WATCH FOR EVB
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXyK083QCZA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewcWN-rHQ6Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSL_935l568
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQV3D8F6gvw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWYtq0hxhQg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5BasO1xLVlw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5GGCVIEYts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SAxXUIre28
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FdlQdi9_L0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcRAEAtRlFE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jM1wTNQERAU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pz5LxiEndA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qi9A_NOD0Aw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSLo1rAx5x4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxMM4g2Sk8U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xm2rLlJeg4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvGB4ZyMvBU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2xOcFAyHXs
4
https://e-lyte-innovations.de/knowledge/working-principle-lithium-ion-battery/
PURPOSE
 ENGINE IS OFF: battery is used to operate lighting accessories, or other electrical
systems.
 ENGINE IS STARTING: The battery is used to operate the starter motor.
 ENGINE IS RUNNING: To supply electricity to load in overload case.
BATTERY CONSTRUCTION
An car battery contains a diluted sulfuric acid electrolyte and
positive and negative electrodes, in the form of several plates.
PLATES
Battery plates are constructed of a lead alloy containing a
percentage of either Antimony or Calcium.

The grid provides the necessary


framework for active material to be
pasted onto the plate.

The active material on a charged


positive plate is Lead Dioxide (PbO2), the
active material on a charged negative
plate is a Sponge Lead (Pb).
CELL ELEMENTS
Positive plates and negative plates are each connected together by separate plate
straps.
Grouping the plates in this way serves to enlarge the surface area between the active
materials and the electrolyte.

8
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF ELECTROLYTE

Electrolyte in a charged battery is stronger and heavier than electrolyte


in a discharged battery.
The specific gravity of water is 1.000, and the specific gravity of sulfuric
acid is 1.835, which means the acid is 1.835 times heavier than the water.

9
CHEMICAL REACTIONS

• Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 2H2SO4(aq) → 2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O

10
ELECTROLYTE
Battery electrolyte is a mixture of 36% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 64%
distilled water (H20).
Batteries today have an electrolyte with a specific gravity of 1.270 (at
200C) when fully charged.

11
ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES
The cycle of discharging and charging is repeated continuously and is
called “Battery Cycling”

12
CHARGING PROCESS
• There are 2 kinds of charging: constant voltage and constant current
• Read more at: https://circuitglobe.com/lead-acid-battery-charging-methods.html
DISCHARGING PROCESSES
BATTERY’S CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS

15
BATTERY’S DISCHARGING & CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS

16
BATTERY’S CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS
WITH CONSTANT CURRENT

17
BATTERY PARAMETERS

apacity: A.h
oltage: depend on discharged rate.12.6V.
eukert law: C=Ikt
eserve capacity: This is quoted as a time in minutes
or which the battery will supply 25 A at 25°C to a
nal voltage of 1.75V per cell.
CA (Cold Cranking Amps): 170A means that the
attery will supply this current for one minute at a
emperature of -18°C, at which point the cell voltage
18

will fall to 1.4 V


PEUKERT CURVE

19
SELF DISCHARGE RATE
 Self-discharge is a phenomenon in which internal chemical reactions reduce the
stored charge of the battery.
 Self-discharge is dependent on the type of battery, state of charge, charging current,
ambient temperature and other factors.
 Self-discharge is a chemical reaction, a closed-circuit discharge, occur more quickly
at higher temperatures.
EV BATTERIES
An electric-vehicle battery (EVB, traction battery) is used to
power the electric motors of EV or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
These batteries are usually rechargeable, are typically lithium-ion
batteries with high A.h (kW.h) capacity.
EVB are characterized by relatively high power-to-weight ratio,
specific energy and energy density; smaller, lighter. The most
common battery type in modern electric vehicles are lithium-ion
and lithium polymer.

The amount of electricity stored in batteries is measured in


ampere hours or in coulombs, with the total energy often
measured in kilowatt-hours.
21
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES EV
ADVANTAGES
- Reduce dependences on oil and gasoline.
-Energy efficient
-Pollutant and noise free
-Recyclable batteries.
-No fire hazard.
-Low maintenance and operation cost
DISADVANTAGES
•More expensive
•Less distance
•Long charging
•Charging stations 22
RESEARCH TOPICS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES

23
EV BATTERY

24
BATTERY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

25
EVB WORKING PRINCIPLE

26
EV LITHIUM ION BATTERY PARAMETERS

VOLTAGE: 200-800V
Tesla S (2012): 375V, 16 modules, 444 cells in 1
module. Tesla S 2016: 400V, Tesla 2021 Plaid:
450V (837km)
Number of cells: Tesla S: 8.256 cells, Tesla 3:
2.976 cells.
Capacity: 20kWh -100kWh
Tesla S Long range: 100kWh, Tesla S,X Plaid:
110kWh, Tesla 3 Standard Range: 55kWH, Tesla
3 Long Range: 83kWh Tesla Y: 75kWh,Hyundai
Kona: 356V, 64kWh, Hyundai IONIG 6: 800V,
27

80kWh, Mercedes EQV: 350V, 100kWh


BMS – BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

28
EVB WORKING PRINCIPLE

29
12V LEAD ACID BATTERY IN EV

30
EVB CHARGER

31
EV WIRELESS CHARGING PRINCIPLE
EVB WIRELESSCHARGER

33
HOMEWORKS AND TASKS
1. Comparison between lead acid battery, lithium-ion battery, solid state
battery.
2. Batteries for EV (Electric vehicles)
3. Study on automatic battery charging control systems
4. Study on pulse current charging for battery
5. Research on fuel cells using for EV
6. Wireless charger for vehicle battery
7. Design a Jump Starter
8. Develop the solar energy charger for car batteries
9. New battery technologies
10. Ultra-capacitors and application for vehicles
HOMEWORKS AND TASKS
11. Charging stations for EV
12. Charging levels of EV batteries
13. EV battery management systems
14. Self discharge of batteries and method to its reduction
15. Design an IoT device to monitor car battery’s status (project)
16. Environment impacts of batteries and recycling
17. Temperature effects on lead acid and lithium ion batteries and control methods
18. Fast and super fast charging for EV
19. Design and manufacture a motorcycle super-capacitor starting system
20. EV Battery Swapping and swapping stations
21- EV charging ecosystem.

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