USB TECHNOLOGY
o NAME – SANDEEP DIXIT
o SUBJECT – FUNDAMENTAL
o COURSE – BCA
o SEC – D
o ROLL NO. – 32
o SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
o SIR OMKAR AGRAHARI SANDEEP DIXIT
INTRODUCTION OF USB
The USB stands for Universal Serial Bus which is an
industry standard mainly developed for laying out the
communication between a computer and peripheral
devices. The first USB was developed in 1996 by the
collaborative effort of seven companies - DEC, Microsoft,
Compaq, Nortel, IBM, Intel, and NEC
The USB device not only helps in establishing a flawless
communication but also assists to power up the connected
peripheral devices, setting you free from the parallel ports
and the external power chargers that turn out to be costly
and cover more space.
The latest USB 3.2 is introduced in 2017 with the maximum
speed capability for communication - around 20 GB bits/s
which is quite adequate to transfer the data from the
peripheral device to the computer with some remarkable
pace. In this post, I'll cover each and everything related to
USB, its main features, need of use, advantages and main
applications. Let's dive right in.
The USB is unable to handle multi-master arrangement and
can support one host per bus. However, the "USB on the
GO" is designed with the purpose, if there is no host
available, two devices collaborate with each other to define,
which one is appropriate to serve as a host in the whole
protocol.
Following figure shows the Pinout of the Universal Serial Bus.
A number of USB connectors are available. The connector attached
with the host (computer) or device is called male port or
receptacle, and the connector coupled with the cable is called female
jack or plug.
USB- Universal Serial Bus
Basics of USB-Universal Serial Bus
Design of USB protocol was developed by Compaq, DEC,
IBM,
Intel, Microsoft, NEC & Nortel.
The main ideal behind USB is to make simple plug and play
serial
communication.
Versions of USB Protocol
USB VERSION RELEASE DATE NAME TRANSFER RATE
USB 1.0 Jan. 1996 Full speed 1.5 Mbps
USB 1.1 Aug. 1998 Full speed 12 Mbps
USB 2.0 Apr. 2000 High speed 480 Mbps
USB 3.0 Nov. 2008 Super Speed 5 Gbps
USB 3.1 July. 2013 Super Speed+ 10 Gbps
USB 3.2 Sep. 2017 Super Speed+ 20 Gbps
USBs:
ADVANTAGES OF USB
The Universal Serial Bus was designed to simplify and improve the interface between personal
computers and peripheral devices when compared with previously existing standard or ad-hoc
proprietary interfaces.
The USB interface is self-configuring. This means that the user need not adjust settings on the
device and interface for speed or data format, or configure interrupts, input/output addresses,
or direct memory access channels.
USB connectors are standardized at the host, so any peripheral can use any available receptacle.
USB takes full advantage of the additional processing power that can be economically put into
peripheral devices so that they can manage themselves. USB devices mostly do not have user-
adjustable interface settings.
The USB interface is hot pluggable or plug and plays, meaning devices can be exchanged
without rebooting the host computer. Small devices can be powered directly from the USB
interface thus removing extra power supply cables.
The USB interface defines protocols for improving reliability over previous interfaces and
recovery from common errors.
Installation of a device relying on the USB standard minimal operator action is required.
DISADVANTAGES OF USB
USB cables are limited in length.
USB has a strict tree topology and master-slave protocol for
addressing peripheral devices. Peripheral devices cannot interact
with one another except via the host, and two hosts cannot
communicate over their USB ports directly.
Some very high-speed peripheral devices require sustained speeds
not available in the USB standard.
For a product developer, the use of USB requires the
implementation of a complex protocol and implies an intelligent
controller in the peripheral device.
Use of the USB logos on the product requires annual fees and
membership in the organization.
