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Elements of C++

C++ has four main elements - character set, identifiers, operators, and data types. The character set includes letters, digits, and special characters. Identifiers are sequences used to name variables and functions, following specific naming rules. There are arithmetic, logical, and relational operators that perform math and make comparisons. Common data types include integers, floating point numbers, characters, and void for valueless variables.

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16 views11 pages

Elements of C++

C++ has four main elements - character set, identifiers, operators, and data types. The character set includes letters, digits, and special characters. Identifiers are sequences used to name variables and functions, following specific naming rules. There are arithmetic, logical, and relational operators that perform math and make comparisons. Common data types include integers, floating point numbers, characters, and void for valueless variables.

Uploaded by

hubert adamson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELEMENTS OF C++

1. CHARACTER SET
• A C++ program is constructed as a sequence of
characters.
• Among the characters that can be used in the program are:
▫ Lowercase letters (a – z)
▫ Uppercase letters (A – Z)
▫ Digits (0 – 9)
▫ Special characters (+, /, -, *, =, (, ……)
2. IDENTIFIERS
• A valid identifier is a sequence of one or more letters, digits or underline
symbols ( _ ). The length of an identifier is not limited, although for some
compilers only the 32 first characters of an identifier are significant (the rest are
not considered).

• Neither spaces nor marked letters can be part of an identifier. Only


letters, digits and underline characters are valid. In addition,
variable identifiers should always begin with a letter. They can also
begin with an underline character ( _ ), but this is usually reserved
for external links. They can never begin with a digit.
•
Naming VARIABLES correctly:

• It should start with letter or an underscore ( _ ).


• No spaces.
• No special characters.
3. OPERATORS
A. Arithmetic operators ( +, -, *, /, % )
• Precedence of Operators:
SYMBOL Hierarchy

() 1
*,/,% 2
+,- 3
= 4
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS Examples

Math Expression C++ Expression


1. a=5+3
2

2. C = ( 6 – 2)2 + 10
3. OPERATORS
B. Logical and Relational operators
• Precedence of Operators:
SYMBOL Hierarchy

() 1
! (NOT) 2
>=, >, <=, < 3
= = , != 4
&&(AND) , 5
|| (OR)
LOGICAL OPERATORS Examples
LOGICAL OPERATORS Examples

1.
(5==5) && (1>5) 2.((3>2)||(6==6))&&(3<23)
4. DATA TYPES

Among the that can be used in the program are:


▫ int ( whole numbers)
▫ float (with decimal part )
▫ double (higher than float)
▫ char (character and integers)
▫ void (valueless)
DATA TYPES Examples:
We can it in, variable declaration
▫ int ( whole numbers)
int x; int a=12;
▫ float (with decimal part )
float y=1.5; float grade=88.89;
▫ double (higher than float)
double c=286521. 286521;
▫ char (charters or integers)
char quiz1; char num2;
▫ void (valueless)
int void; float void;

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