MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN

WORLD
PROBLEM SOLVING

GENARO B. ABREU
 Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
01
PROBLEM SOLVING
Logic Puzzles
02

Polya‘s Four Steps in Problem Solving

03

Recreational Problems using Mathematics

04
Problem Solving Agenda
Definition Style
 Refers to mathematical tasks that have the potential to provide intellectual
challenges in order to enhance a person’s mathematical understanding and
development.

 It pointed out that people who can reason and think analytically tend to:
(a) note patterns, structure, or regularities in both real-world situations

and symbolic objects;

(b) ask if those patterns are accidental or if they occur for a reason;
(c) conjecture and prove.

 An important skill not only in dealing with Mathematics, but also in making
decisions in life. Decision-making is a significant part of problem-solving.
Inductive and Deductive
Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning Agenda
Definition Style
 The process of reaching a general conclusion by examining
specific examples.

 It involves looking for patterns and making generalizations.

 The conclusion formed by using inductive reasoning is often

called a conjecture. A conjecture may or may not be correct.
.
Illustrative Examples:
1. Write a conjecture that describe the pattern 2, 4, 12, 48, 240. Then use the
conjecture to find the next item in the sequence.

Step 1. Look for a pattern.

2, 4, 12, 48, 240, … ?

Step 2. Analyze what is happening in the given pattern.

The numbers are multiplied by 2, then 3, then 4, then 5. The next

number will be the product of 240 times 6 or 1,440.

Step 3: Make a conjecture

Now, the answer is 1,440

 Example:
2. Write a conjecture that describes the pattern shown below. How many
segments could be formed on the fifth figure?

Step 1. Look for a pattern.

3-segments 9-segments 18-segments
Step 2. Analyze what is happening in the given pattern.

This could be written in a form of:

(3)(2) (3)(3) (3)(4) (3)(5)

The figure will increase by the next multiple of 3. If we add 15, the next or
the fifth figure is made of 45 segments.

Step 3. Make a conjecture.

Hence the fifth figure will have 45 segments.
 Exercises:

Complete the following procedure for several different numbers.

Use inductive reasoning to make a conjecture about the relationship
between the size of the resulting number and the size of the original
number.

1. Consider the following procedure:

a. Pick a number.
b. Multiply the number by 8,
c. Add 6 to the product
d. Divide the sum by 2, and
e. Subtract 3.
2. Consider the following procedure:
a. Pick a number.
b. Multiply the number by 9,
c. Add 15 to the product,
d. Divide the sum by 3, and
e. Subtract 5.

3. Consider the following procedure:

f. List 1 as the first odd number
g. Add the next odd number to 1.
h. Add the next odd number to the sum.
i. Repeat adding the next odd number to the previous sum.
Counterexamples
A statement is a true statement provided that it is true in all
cases.

If you can find one case for which a statement is not true,
called a counterexample, then the statement is a false
statement.

Verify that each of the following statements is a false statement

by finding a counterexample.
For all numbers x:
Solution:

a. Let x = 0. Then | 0 | = 0. Because 0 is not greater than 0,

we have found a counterexample.
Thus “for all numbers x, | x | > 0” is a false statement.

b. For x = 1 we have 12 = 1. Since 1 is not greater than 1, we have

found a counterexample. Thus “for all numbers x, x2 > x” is a false
statement.

c. Consider x = –3. Then . .. . Since 3 is not equal to –3,

we have found a counterexample. Thus “for all numbers x, √x2 = x
is a false statement.
Deductive Reasoning Agenda
Definition Style
 The process of reaching a conclusion by applying general
assumptions, principles and procedures.

 It involves making a logical argument, drawing conclusions,

and applying generalizations to specific situations.
Illustrative Examples:
1. If a number is divisible by 2, then it must be even.
12 is divisible by 2.
Therefore, 12 is an even number.

2. All Engineers are very good at Math.

Quirina is an Engineer.
Therefore, Quirina is very good at Math.

3. This dog always barks when someone is at the door.

The dog didn’t bark.
Therefore, there’s no one at the door.
.

4. If ∠A and ∠B are supplementary angles, their sum is 180º.

If m∠A = 100º,
then m∠B = 80º
The difference between the inductive and deductive reasoning is
that they are opposite to each other.

• The approach of inductive reasoning is from bottom to up while the

deductive reasoning is from top to bottom .
• Inductive reasoning is based on patterns or trends while Deductive
reasoning is based on facts ,truths and rules .

• Inductive reasoning may or may not be strong in terms of argument

while Deductive reasoning may or may not be valid.
• Inductive reasoning talks about certainty while deductive reasoning
talks about the probability when it comes to drawing conclusions .
 Exercise 3.1. Classify the reasoning employed in the following arguments as INDUCTIVE
or DEDUCTIVE.
________1. All even numbers are divisible by 2. Twenty-eight is even. Therefore, 28 is divisible by 2.

________2. 3,6,9,12,15, . The next term is going to be 18.

________3. Since all squares are rectangles, and all rectangles have four sides, all squares have four
sides.

________4. For any right triangle, the Pythagorean Theorem holds. ABC is a right triangle,
therefore for ABC the Pythagorean Theorem holds.

________5. The population of Baguio City has risen steadily for the past 40 years.
It is logical to predict that the population of Baguio City will also rise next year.

________6. Two figures are said to be congruent if they have the same shape and size or if one
has the same shape and size as the mirror image of the other. My figure is the mirror

image of my mirror, therefore my figure and my mirror image are congruent.

___________7. If x = 4 and if y = 1, then 2x + y = 9

__________8. Based on a survey of 3300 randomly selected registered voters, 56.2% indicate that
they will vote for the incumbent officials in the upcoming election. Therefore,
approximately 56% of the votes in the upcoming election will be for the incumbent.

__________9. Jack is taller than Jill. Jill is taller than Joey. Therefore, Jack is taller than Joey.

_________10. It usually takes 2–3 days for a delivery to ship from the warehouse to your door via
most major shipping services. You ordered on Tuesday morning, so it‘s safe to assume
your package will arrive Thursday or Friday.

_________11. During the past 10 years, a tree has produced plums every other year. Last year the
tree did not produce plums, so this year the tree will produce plums.
Logic Puzzles
 Illustrative Examples:
1. Each of four neighbors, Sean, Maria, Sarah and Brian, has a different
Logic Puzzles
occupation (editor, banker, chef, or dentist). From the following clues,
determine the occupation of each neighbor.

CLUES:
1. Maria gets home from work after the banker but before the dentist.
2. Sarah, who is the last to get home from work, is not the editor.
3. The dentist and Sarah leave for work at the same time.
4. The banker lives next door to Brian.
 Solution:
•From clue 1, Maria is not the banker or the dentist. In the following chart, write X1 (which stands
for “ruled out by clue 1”) in the Banker and the Dentist columns of Maria’s row.

•From clue 2, Sarah is not the editor. Write X2 (ruled out by clue 2) in the Editor column of Sarah’s
row.
•We know from clue 1 that the banker is not the last to get home, and we know from clue 2 that
Sarah is the last to get home; therefore, Sarah is not the banker. Write X2 in the Banker column
of Sarah’s row.

•From clue 3, Sarah is not the dentist. Write X3 for this condition. There are now Xs for three of
the four occupations in Sarah’s row; therefore, Sarah must be the chef.

Place a in that box. Since Sarah is the chef, none of the other three people can be the chef. Write
X3 for these conditions. There are now Xs for three of the four occupations in Maria’s row; there-
fore, Maria must be the editor.

Insert a to indicate that Maria is the editor, and write X3 twice to indicate that neither Sean nor
Brian is the editor.
From clue 4, Brian is not the banker. Write X4 for this condition. See the following table. Since there
are three Xs in the Banker column, Sean must be the banker.

Place a in that box. Thus Sean cannot be the dentist. Write X4 in that box. Since there are 3 Xs in
the Dentist column, Brian must be the dentist. Place a in that box.

Sean is the banker, Maria is the editor, Sarah is the chef, and Brian is the dentist.
 Exercise 3.2. Satisfy the following Logic Puzzles.

1. Quirina, Rey, Bibo and Venus were recently elected as the new class officers
(president, vice president, secretary, treasurer) of the sophomore class at
Basilan State College.
From the following clues, determine which position each holds:
o Quirina is younger than the president but older than the treasurer.
o Rey and the secretary are both the same age, and they are the
youngest members of the group.
o Bibo and the secretary are next-door neighbors.
Vice
President President Secretary Treasurer
Quirina
Rey
Bibo
Venus
Polya’s Four Steps in
Problem Solving
George Polya
Hungarian mathematician
Best known for his work on problem solving
Polya‘s four steps in Problem-Solving
 Understanding the Problem.
This part of Polya’s four-step strategy is often overlooked. You must
have a clear understanding of the problem. To help you focus on
understanding the problem, consider the following questions.
 Are all words clear and easily understandable?
 Did you know what exactly is being asked?
 Can you rephrase it without deviating from its meaning?
 Can you visualize the problem?
 Are the information complete?
 Devise a Plan – strategize.
Pó lya mentions that there are many reasonable ways to solve problems.
The skill at choosing an appropriate strategy is best learned by solving
various problems. Applying strategies to devise a plan requires skill and
own judgment. Some strategies are as follows:

 As much as possible, list down or identify all important information.

 Draw illustrations or diagram or charts.
 Organize all information essential to the problem.
 Work backwards to get the main idea of the problem
 Look for patterns and try to solve a similar but simpler problem.
 Create a working equation.
 Use the experiment method or hypothesize.
 Carry out the plan
After devising a plan, the next logical step is to carry out that plan.

 Implement the strategy in Step 2 and perform any necessary

actions or computations.
 Check each step of the plan as you proceed; this may be intuitive
checking or a formal proof of each step.
 Keep an accurate record of your steps as you implement your
devised plan.
 Persist with the plan that you have chosen, and if it continues
not to work, discard it and choose another.
  Look back/Review the solution
Pó lya mentions that much can be gained by taking the time to reflect,
examine, and look back at what you have done - what worked and
what didn't; doing this will enable you to predict what strategy to use
to solve future problems, if these relate to the original problem.

Ensure that the solution is consistent with the facts of the problem.
 Interpret the solution in the context of the problem.
 Ask yourself whether there are generalizations of the solution that
could apply to other problems.

 Examine the solution obtained. Check the results in the original

problem (in some cases, this will require a proof).
 Interpret the solution in terms of the original problem. Find out
if your answer makes sense or is reasonable. Ensure that the
solution is consistent with the facts of the problem.
 Determine whether there is another method of finding the
solution.
 If possible, determine other related or more general problems
for which the techniques will work; find out if there are
generalizations of the solution that could apply to other
problems.
 Illustrative Examples:
1. One number is 7 more than another. Twice the larger is equal to four times
the smaller decreased by 2. Find the numbers.

Step 1: Understand the Problem

We are looking for two numbers wherein one is 7 more than another,
and twice the larger is equal to four times the smaller decreased by 2.

Step 2: Devise a plan.

We can use the ―Formulate an equation‖ strategy
x = smaller number
x + 7 = larger number
Equation: 2(x + 7) = 4x – 2
Step 3: Carry out the plan

2(x + 7) = 4x – 2 2x + 14 = 4x – 2

Subtract 4x and subtract 14 from the both sides of the equation

2x – 4x + 14 – 14 = 4x – 4x – 2 – 14
– 2x = – 16 then divide both sides by – 2

x = 8 and x + 7 = 8 + 7 = 15

Step 4: Look back

15 is 7 more than 8; twice 15, which is 30, is four

times 8 less 2.
Thus: The smaller number is 8 and the larger
number is 15.
2. Anne is 2 years older than Betty. Last year Anne was 2 times as old as Betty.

How old is Anne?

Step 1: Understand the Problem

We are looking for the age of Anne at present. She is now 2 years
older than Betty, and last year she was twice as old as Betty.

Step 2: Devise a plan

We can also use a table such as this:
Age now Age last year
Betty x x-1
Anne x+2 (x + 2) - 1

Last year, Anne was twice as old as Betty Thus,

the equation is: 2(x – 1) = x + 2 -1
Step 3: Carry out the plan

2(x – 1) = x + 2 -1
2x – 2 = x + 1
2x – x = 1 + 2
x = 3 and x + 2 = 5

Step 4: Look back/Check

If Anne is 5 years old now, Betty is 3 years old. Last year, Anne was
4 and Betty was 2, that is, Anne was twice as old as Betty.
 Mathematical Problems Involving Patterns
Andres cashes a PhP1,800 check and wants the money in PhP100 and PhP200 bills. The
bank teller gives him 12 bills. How many of each kind of bill does Andres receive?

Solution Method 1: Making a Table

Understand
Andres gives the bank teller a PhP1800 check The bank teller gives Andres 12 bills. These
bills are a mix of PhP100 and PhP200 bills. We want to know how many of each kind of bill
Andres receives.

Strategy
Let’s start by making a table of the different ways Andres can have twelve bills in 100s and
200s.
Andres could have twelve PhP100 and zero PhP200 bills, or eleven PhP100 and one
PhP200 bills, and so on. We can calculate the total amount of money for each case.
Apply strategy/solve

PhP100 PhP200 Total amount

12 0 100(12) + 200(0) = PhP1200
11 1 100(11) + 200(1) = PhP1300
10 2 100(10) + 200(2) = PhP1400
9 3 100(9) + 200(3) = PhP1500
8 4 100(8) + 200(4) = PhP1600
7 5 100(7) + 200(5) = PhP1700
6 6 100(6) + 200(6) = PhP1800
5 7 100(5) + 200(7) = PhP1900
4 8 100(4) + 200(8) = PhP2000
3 9 100(3) + 200(9) = PhP2100
2 10 100(2) + 200(10) = PhP2200
1 11 100(1) + 200(11) = PhP2300
0 12 100(0) + 200(12 )= PhP2400
In the table, we listed all the possible ways you can get twelve PhP100 and PhP200 bills
and the total amount of money for each possibility.

The correct amount is given when Andrew has six PhP100 bills and six PhP200 bills.

Answer:

Andres gets six PhP100 bills and six PhP200 bills

Check

Six PhP100 bills and six PhP200 bills→6 (PhP100)+6 (PhP200)

= PhP600+PhP1200
= PhP1,800
Method 2: Looking for a Pattern

Understand
Andres gives the bank teller a PhP1800 check. The bank teller gives Andrew 12 bills.
These bills are a mix of PhP100 bills and PhP200 bills. We want to know how many of
each kind of bill Andres receives.

Strategy
Let’s start by making a table just as we did above. However, this time we will look for pat-
terns in the table that can be used to find the solution.

Apply strategy/solve
Let’s fill in the rows of the table until we see a pattern.

PhP100 PhP200 Total amount

12 0 100(12) + 200(0) = PhP1200
11 1 100(11) + 200(1) = PhP1300
10 2 100(10) + 200(2) = PhP1400
We see that every time we reduce the number of PhP100 bills by one and increase the number
of PhP200 bills by one, the total amount increases by PhP100. The last entry in the table gives
a total amount of PhP1400, so we have PhP400 to go until we reach our goal.

This means that we should:

Reduce the number of PhP100 bills by four and
Increase the number of PhP200 bills by four.

That would give us six PhP100 bills and six PhP200 bills.

6 (PhP100)+6 (PhP200) = PhP600+PhP1200 = PhP1,800

Answer:

Andres six PhP100 bills and six PhP200 bills.

 Difference Table
Shows the differences between successive terms of the sequence.

Differences in rows maybe the first, second, and third

differences.

Each number in the first row of the table is the differences

between the closest numbers just above it.

If the first differences are not the same, compute the successive
differences of the first differences .

Example: Construct the difference table to predict the next term of each sequence.
a. 1, 4, 9, 17, 28, …
b. 6, 9, 14, 26, 50, 91, …
Solution:
a. 1, 4, 9, 17, 28, …

The next term is 42.

Solution:
b. 6, 9, 14, 26, 50, 91, …

The next term is 154.

 Exercise 3.2. Solve the following Mathematical Problems.

 Jerry is 7 years older than Jan. In three years Jerry will be twice as old
as Jan. Find their present ages.

 Malik and Marites left at 8A.M. from the same point. Malik is traveling
east at an average speed of 50 mph and Marites travelling south at an
average speed at 60 mph. At what time to the nearest minute will they
be 300 miles apart?

 The sum of three consecutive positive integers is 165. What are these
three numbers?

 There are ten students in a room. If they give a handshake for his
classmate once and only once, how many handshakes can be made?
Recreational Problems
using Mathematics
 1. Magic Square
Magic square of order n is an arrangement of numbers in a
square such that the sum of the n numbers in each row, col-
umn, and diagonal is the same number.
 2. Palindrome
A palindrome is a number (or word, or phrase) sequence of
characters (or symbols) which reads the same backward as for-
ward, for example 131, 12,321, 1,234,321, etc.

Palindromes of squares are as follows:

12 = 1
112 = 121
1112 = 12,321
1,1112 = 1,234,321
11,1112 = 123,454,321
111,1112 = 12,345,654,321
1,111,1112 = 1,234,567,654,321
2
3. Pascal’s Triangle
One of the most famous palindrome triangles is the Pascal’s
Triangle named after French mathematician Blaise Pascal
(1623-1662).

The Pascal’s triangle has intrigued mathematicians for hun-

dreds of years.
 Properties of Pascal's Triangle

PRIMES. The prime numbers that are the first

number in the row is a divisor of every number
in that row.
Properties of Pascal's Triangle
POWERS OF TWO. The sum of the
numbers of any nth row would equal
to 2^n
Properties of Pascal's Triangle
FIBONACCI NUMBERS. The sum of the
shallow diagonal, you will get the Fibonacci
numbers.
Properties of Pascal's Triangle
FRACTALS. ShadIing all the even numbers,
you will get a fractal.
 4. Lazy Caterer’s Problem
Example:
The lazy caterer’s sequence describes
the maximum number of pieces of a pizza that
can be made with a given number of straight
cuts. One straight cut across a pizza produces
2 pieces. Two straight cuts produce 4 pieces.
Three straight cuts produce a maximum of 7
pieces. Four straight cuts produce a maximum
of 11 pieces. Determine the number of pieces
in which it is the maximum possible pieces to
divide the pizza for a given number of straight
cuts.
Solution:
Illustrating the number of cuts and the number of regions it creates.

To maximize the number of pieces in the next cut, then nth cut
must cut each of the n – 1 previous one.

The new cut meets one of the n – 1 previous one, a pizza piece is cut in two.

A piece cut in two when the new cut finishes on the opposite side of the pizza.
The total number of pieces of pizza increases by n when we pass
from n – 1 cuts to n cut, which is exactly what the recurrence reveals.
The recurrence relation in nth cut creates new regions,

f(1) = 2
f(2) = 4 = 2 + f(1)
f(3) = 7 = 3 + f(2)
f(4) = 11 = 4 + f(3)
:f(n) = n + f(n – 1)
Therefore, f(n) = n + f(n – 1).
Maths Puzzles:
Cryptarithms, Symbologies and Secret Codes

Cryptarithms - puzzles where the digits have been replaced by letters.

Symbologies - puzzles where numbers are represented by symbols.

Mathematical operator puzzles - puzzles where the numbers are

given, but the mathematical operator is missing
 Magic Six Pointed
Stara magic six pointed star, place the numbers 1
Example 2: Given to 12 in the circles, using one
of each. Each line of four numbers should have the same total.
 Magic Six Pointed
Solution:
Star
There are six lines in the magic pointed star.

Adding each line, each of the number is considered twice.

Adding the numbers 1 to 12,

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 = 78
26
2(78) = 156
26
26
Divide the sum of the totals 156 by the lines
obtaining a value of 26.

26
26
 Alphametic
Alphametic. A type of cryptarithmetic puzzle in which a set of words is written down in the
form of a long addition sum or some other mathematical problem. The object is to replace the
letters of the alphabet with decimal digits to make a valid arithmetic sum.

One of the most famous alphametic puzzles is the one introduced by Henry Dudeney in 1924.

He was an English author and mathematician who specialized in logic

puzzles and mathematical games.
If SEND + MORE = MONEY then find M + O + N + E + Y
Explanation:
 Addition of two numbers with 'n' digits, results in a n+1 digits, then the left most place always = 1.
So M = 1. Substitute this value.
 Now 'o' cannot be 1 as M already 1. It may not be 2 either as S+1 = 12 or 1 + S + 1 = 12 in the
both cases S is a two digit number. So 'o' is nothing but zero. Put o = 0.
 Now S can be either 8 or 9. If S = 8, then there must be a carry over.
E + 0 = 10 + N or 1 + E + 0 = 10 + N
 In the above two cases, E - N = 10 is not possible and E - N = 9 not possible as as N cannot be
zero. So E = 9.
 Now E + 0 = N is not possible as E = N. So 1 + E = N possible.
 The possible cases are, N + R = 10 + E - - - (eqn. 1) or
1 + N + R = 10 + E - - - (eqn. 2)
 Substituting E = N -1 in the first equation, N + R = 10 + N - 1, we get R = 9 which is not possible.
 Substituting E = N - 1 in the second equation, 1 + N + R = 10 + N - 1, we get R = 8.
 We know that N and E are consecutive and N is larger. Take (N, E) = (7, 6) check and substitute, you
wont get any unique value for D.
 Take (N, E) = (6, 5), Now you get D = 7, Y = 2.

Thus, M + O + N + E + Y = 14
Magic Squares
1. With the use of pencil or pen, connect the nine dots by
means of 4 straight lines without lifting the pen and re-
tracing the line.
2. How many squares could you find at the picture below?
3. The figure below is arranged using 16 matchsticks to form 5
squares. Rearrange exactly 2 of the matchsticks to form 4 squares
of the same size, without leaving any stray matchsticks.
KenKen Puzzles
KenKen is an arithmetic-based logic puzzle that was invented by
the Japanese mathematics teacher Tetsuya Miyamoto in 2004.

The noun ―ken‖ has ―knowledge‖ and ―awareness‖ as synonyms.

Hence, KenKen translates as knowledge squared, or awareness squared.

KenKen puzzles are similar to Sudoku puzzles, but they also require
you to perform arithmetic to solve the puzzle.
 Rules for solving a Ken Ken Puzzle:

 Do not repeat a number in any row or column.

 The numbers in each heavily outlined set of squares, called cages,
must combine (in some order) to produce the target number in the
top lest corner of the cage using the mathematical operation indicated.
 Cages with just one square should be filled in with the target number.
 A number can be repeated within a cage as long as it is not in the
same row or column.
Example: A 4 x 4 Ken Ken puzzle with 8 cages

6x 7+

2 1 3 4
2 8x
3 2 4 1
4x 12x -1
1 4 2 3
1
4 3 1 2
Example: A 5 x 5 Ken Ken puzzle with 12 cages
Example: A 5 x 5 Ken Ken puzzle with 12 cages.
Genaro Bendo Abreu
Physics Mentor, Traveler, Waterfalls Chaser, Hobbyist and Insurer
Thank you!!
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LOGIC PUZZLES
1. In the forest, a girl encounters a hunter and an old woman. She asks what
day it was. Every Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, the hunter tells lies, but on
the other days, he tells the truth. The old woman tells the truth the rest of the
week but lies on Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. The hunter confessed to the
girl, “I was lying yesterday.” So was I, the old woman said. What day was it?

2. You are in a room with 2 doors and 2 guards. One of the doors will guide
you to freedom and behind the other is a hangman–you don't know which is which,
but the guards do know.
One of the guards always tells the truth and the other always lies. You don't
know which one is the truth-teller or the liar either. However both guards know
each other. You have to choose and open one of these doors, but you can only ask
a single question to one of the guards.
What do you ask to find the door leading to freedom?
 3. There are three people (Koko, Bibo and Dada), one of whom is a knight, one a
knave, and one a spy. The knight always tells the truth, the knave always lies, and
the spy can either lie or tell the truth. Koko says: “Dada is a knave.” Bibo says:
“Koko is a knight.” Dada says: "I am the spy.” Who is the knight, who’s the knave,
and who’s the spy?
 Kiko is trying to cut down on drinking coffee. His goal is to cut down to
6 cups per week. If he starts with 24 cups the first week, then cuts down
to 21 cups the second week and 18 cups the third week, how many weeks
will it take him to reach his goal?

A new big resort opens in San Luis, Batangas. On opening day, the
resort has 120 visitors; on each of the next three days, the resort has 10
more visitors than the day before; and on each of the three days after
that, the resort has 20 more visitors than the day before.
How many visitors were at the resort on the 7th day?
If resort limits the number of visitors to 300, on what day will
theystart disallowing entry of oncoming visitors?
 Three Farmers Akai, Clint and Claude, spend a day gathering coconuts together. When
they have finished, they are very tired and fell asleep. The following morning Akai
wakes up. Not wishing to disturb his friends, he decides to divide the coconuts into
three. There is one leftover, so he throws this odd one away, helps himself to his share
and goes home. A few minutes later, Clint awakes. Not realizing that the first has
already gone, he too divides the coconuts into three. He finds one leftover, throws the
odd one away, helps himself to his fair share, and goes home. In the morning, Claude
wakes to find that he is alone. He spots the two discarded coconuts, and puts them
with the pile, giving him a total of 20 coconuts. How many coconuts did the farmers
gather in all?

 The line for the Dunking Machine was twice as long as the Cake Walk line. The line
for the Cake Walk was one-third the length of the line for the Hoop Shoot. If there were
120 people in the line for the Hoop Shoot, how many people were in a line for the
Dunking Machine?
2. There are 5 foreign vessels in Batangas port:

1. The Estonian ship leaves at four and carries bananas.

2. The Ship in the middle has a brown exterior.
3. The Panamanian ship leaves at six.
4. The Dutch ship with blue exterior is to the left of a ship that carries bananas.
5. To the right of the ship carrying cocoa is a ship going to Bohol.
6. The Costa Rican ship is heading for Marinduque.
7. Next to the ship carrying rice is a ship with a orange exterior.
8. A ship going to Zamboanga City leaves at five.
9. The Nigerian ship leaves at seven and is to the right of the ship going to Bohol.
10. The ship with a red exterior goes to Palawan.
11. Next to the ship leaving at seven is a ship with a black exterior.
12. The ship on the border carries sugarcane.
13. The ship with a brown exterior leaves at eight.
14. The ship carrying sugarcane is anchored next to the ship carrying rice.
15. The ship to Palawan leaves at six.

Which ship goes to Surigao? Which ship carries corn?

Table

Ship Departure Product Exterior Destination

 3. Five Social Influencers are standing in a queue for plane tickets in Manila. They are
Einstein Puzzles busy checking on their Social Media Accounts while waiting.
Influencers: CongTV, Chinkee Tan, Cherizawa, Zeinab Harake and Geo Ong
Social Media Platform: SnapChat, Facebook, You Tube, Tiktok and Instagram.
Destinations: Bukidnon, Tacloban, Catanduanes, Dumaguete and Batanes
Ages: 23, 26, 28, 32, 57
Hairstyle: Wavy, long, straight, curly and brunette
Where they live: Malabon, Pasig, Quezon City, Valenzuela and Taguig

1. The person in the middle watches Tiktok.

2. Cherizawa is the first in the queue
3. The person who’s into SnapChat is next to the person who lives in Valenzuela City
4. The person going to Dumaguete City is behind CongTV.
5. The person who lives in Quezon City is 57
6. The person who is going to Tacloban City has straight hair
7. The person travelling to Dumaguete City watches Tiktok
 8. The 23-year-old is at the end of the queue
9. Geo Ong is busy engaging in Instagram.
Einstein Puzzles 10. The person heading to Batanes has long hair
11. Chinkee Tan lives in Quezon City
12. The 28-year-old is a brunette
13. The fourth in the queue is going to Tacloban
14. The people who are in Tiktok and Instagram are standing next to each other
15. The person who watches Facebook stands ahead from the person with a wavy hair
16. A person next to CongTV has a wavy hair
17. The 26-year-old lives in Valenzuela City.
18. The person who watches Facebook has long hair
19. The 23-year-old lives in Taguig
20. The person who is travelling to Bukidnon lives in Malabon
21. Zeinab Harake is not next to the brunette.

Who hails from Pasig City? Who’s checking on SnapChat?

Table
Influencer Age Destination Address SocMed Interest Hairstyle
Example: A 5 x 5 Ken Ken puzzle with 12 cages