COMMUNITY HEALTH
SERVICE MANAGEMENT
LECTURE 6- Community
HEALTH
At the end of the lecture, the students will be able to:
1.define terms related to the concept of health and
illness;
2. identify the dimensions of health;
3 . explain the models of health;
4. identify the levels of prevention and the behavior
associated with each level; and
5. Understand Community Health
• Health
-state of being complete physical,
mental and social well being, and not
merely the absence of disease or
infirmity. ( WHO )
• WELLNESS-
An integrated method of functioning which
is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which
the individual is capable. It requires that the
individual maintain a continuum of balance and
purposeful direction within the environment where
he is functioning. ( Halbert Dunn )
• ILLNESS
-Is a state in which someone’s needs are
not sufficiently met to allow the
individual to have a sense of physical and
psycho- social well being.
Models of health
• Medical Model ( M.B. Belloc & L. Breslow-1972 )
► Health is the state of being free from
signs or symptoms of disease. Illness is the presence
of signs or symptoms of disease.
• Health- Illness Continuum ( McCann/Flynn &
Heffron 1984 )
► Health is a constantly changing state, with
high level wellness and death being on opposite ends
of a graduated scale, or continuum
• Role-Performance Model ( Parsons 1958 )
► Health is the ability to perform all
those roles from which one has been
socialized.
• High- Level Wellness ( Dunn 1961 )
► Refers to functioning to one’s
maximum potential while maintaining balance
and purposeful direction in the environment.
• High- Level Wellness ( Dunn 1961 )
► Refers to functioning to one’s
maximum potential while maintaining balance
and purposeful direction in the environment.
• World Health Organization Definition ( WHO
1947 )
► Health is the state of complete
physical, mental, social well being and not
merely the absence of disease.
• Needs- Fulfillment Model
► Health is a state in which needs are being
sufficiently met to allow an individual to function
successfully in life with the ability to achieve the
highest possible potential.
Levels of prevention
(Leavell and Clarks)
1. Primary Prevention
- to encourage optimal health and to increase
the person’s resistance to illness.
- seeks to prevent a disease or condition at a
pre- pathologic state; to stop something from
ever happening.
- quit smoking
- avoid/limit alcohol intake
- exercise regularly
-eat well-balanced diet
- reduce fat and increase fiber in diet
- take adequate fluids
- avoid over exposure to sunlight
- maintain ideal body weight
- complete immunization program
- wear hazard devices in work site
2. Secondary Prevention
- It is also known as health maintenance.
- seeks to identify specific illness or
conditions at an early stage with prompt
intervention to prevent or limit disability; to
prevent catastrophic effects that could occur if
proper attention and treatment are not provided.
- have annual physical examination
- regular pap’s test for women
- monthly BSE for women who are 20
years old and above
- sputum examination for tuberculosis
- annual stool guaiac test and rectal
examination for clients over age 50 years
3. Tertiary Prevention
- to support the client's achievement of
successful adaptation to known risk, optimal
reconstitution, and /or establishment of high-
level wellness.
- occurs after a disease or disability has
occurred and the recovery process has begun;
intent is to halt the disease or injury process and
assist the person in obtaining an optimal health
status.
- self-monitoring of blood glucose among
diabetics
- physical therapy after CVA
(stroke), participation in cardiac rehabilitation
after MI(myocardial infarction or heart attack)
- attending self-management education
for diabetes
- undergoing speech therapy after
laryngectomy
COMMUNITY
HEALTH
Activity # 1:SEMI FINAL
ROLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH MIDWIFE
Instruction:
In a minimum of 300 ROLES OF MIDWIFE
words and a maximum of 1. CLINICIAN
1000 words ,as a 2. EDUCATOR
community health 3. ADVOCATE
midwife explain how do 4. LEADER
you apply this ROLES in 5. MANAGER
your respective area. 6. COLLABORATOR
7. RESEARCHER
