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Week 2

This document provides an overview of different types of mathematical functions that are relevant for architects and designers. It discusses coordinate systems, lines, circles, parabolas, linear functions, power functions, polynomials, rational functions, algebraic functions, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, even functions, odd functions, and trigonometric functions. Examples are given for each type of function to illustrate their key properties and graphs. Exercises are included for students to practice applying concepts from the lesson.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Aamir Ferozi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views

Week 2

This document provides an overview of different types of mathematical functions that are relevant for architects and designers. It discusses coordinate systems, lines, circles, parabolas, linear functions, power functions, polynomials, rational functions, algebraic functions, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, even functions, odd functions, and trigonometric functions. Examples are given for each type of function to illustrate their key properties and graphs. Exercises are included for students to practice applying concepts from the lesson.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Aamir Ferozi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics for Architects and

Designers
B. Arch/ B. ID. MATH-141 (2 Cr. Hr.)
Week-2
INSTRUCTOR
DR. ADNAN ASLAM
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR SEECS- NUST.
PH.D. IN MATHEMATICS
3D Coordinate System
 In three-dimensional space, the Cartesian coordinate system is based on three
mutually perpendicular coordinate axes: the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis.
The three axes intersect at the point called the origin.
Some famous Curves: Line
Line:
 Equation of a line passing through two points and is

 Slope intercept form is , is the slope and is .


 is equation of a line passing through origin.
Circle
 Circle: Equation of a circle
having center at and radius is

 Equation of a circle having


center at origin and radius is
𝑟
Parabola
General equation of Parabola is
Exercise

Exercise A (6th Ed): Do the relevant


questions only.
Functions and their Graphs
o Linear Functions
o Power Functions
o Polynomials
o Rational Functions
o Algebraic Functions
o Exponential Functions
o Logarithmic Functions
o Odd Functions
o Even Functions
o Trigonometric Functions
1.Linear Functions

A function of the from , for constants and , is called a linear function.


Graphically it is an array/family of straight lines.
 is family of lines passing through origin.
 is a straight lines parallel to at a distance from the origin.
 is a straight lines parallel to at a height from the origin.
Linear Functions :Examples
𝑦 =𝑚𝑥 𝑦 =𝑚𝑥 +𝑏
Linear Functions :Examples
𝑦 =𝑏 𝑥 =𝑎

𝑦 𝑥 =2

𝑥
2. Power Function
A function , whereis an integer, is called a power function.

There are following cases to consider.


 If
 If is an positive even integer.
 If is an positive odd integer.
 If is an negative even integer.
 If is an negative odd integer.
Power Function

It is a straight line passing through origin.


Power Function

 As power increases, it becomes flatter when and steeper when .


 Domain:
 Range:
Comparison of different even powers
Power Function

 As power increases, it becomes flatter when and steeper when


 Domain:
 Range:
Comparison of different odd powers
Power Function

 As power decreases, it becomes flatter when and


steeper when .
 Domain:
 Domain:
Comparison of different powers

𝟏
𝒚= 𝟓
𝒙
Power Function

 As power decreases, it becomes flatter when and steeper


when .
 Domain:
 Range:
Comparison of different powers
3. Polynomials
A function is called a polynomial if

where is a nonnegative integer and the numbers are real constants called
Coefficients of the polynomial.
If leading coefficient and , then is called the Degree of the polynomial.
 Linear functions are polynomials of degree 1.

 Range is different for every function.


Examples
1. is polynomial of degree one.
2. is polynomial of degree three.
3. and in general is polynomial of degree zero.
4. is polynomial of degree 4.
4. Rational Functions
A rational function is a quotient or ratio of two polynomials.

is the set of all real numberfor which


Examples:
,
,
5. Algebraic Functions
An algebraic function is a function constructed from polynomials
using algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division and taking roots).
Examples:
1.
2.
3.
6. Exponential Functions
Functions of the form , where the base is a positive constant and are called
Exponential functions.

Examples:
1.
2.
3.
As increases , curve becomes flatter
for and steeper for .
 As increases , curve becomes flatter for and steeper for .
 ;;
7.Logarithmic Functions
These are the function , where the base is a positive constant. They are
the inverse functions of the exponential functions.
Relation between Logarithmic and Exponential Function:
 As increases , curve becomes flatter for 1 and steeper for
 For , As increases , curve becomes flatter for 1 and steeper for
Properties of Logarithmic Functions
1.

2.

3.

4. (Change of Base)
5.

6.

7.

Note
Example: Identify the functions for the
following graphs from the given list.

1.
2. ( 𝒂)
3. (𝒃)
4. (𝒅)
5.
6.
7.
(𝒆) (𝒄)
8.Even Functions
 A function is even if
These functions are symmetric about vertical axis.
9. Odd Functions
 A function is odd if
 These functions are symmetric about origin.
10. Trigonometric Functions
Exercise

 Exercise B: Do some of the relevant problems for


practice.

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