Indira Gandhi Government Engineering
Sagar, Madhya-Pradesh
College
Internship Presentation on
Submitted To – Prof. RSS Rawat Submitted By – Umesh Patidar
Sir Enrollment No. – 0601IT211056
(HOD of IT Department )
Introduction to Java
Introduction
• Present the syntax of Java
• Introduce the Java API
• Demonstrate how to build
• stand-alone Java programs
• Java applets, which run within browsers e.g. Netscape
• Example programs
Why Java?
• It’s the current “hot” language
• It’s almost entirely object-oriented
• It has a vast library of predefined objects and operations
• It’s more platform independent
• this makes it great for Web programming
• It’s more secure
Applets, Servlets and Applications
• An applet is designed to be embedded in a Web page, and run by a
browser
• Applets run in a sandbox with numerous restrictions; for example,
they can’t read files and then use the network
• A servlet is designed to be run by a web server
• An application is a conventional program
Building Standalone JAVA Programs (on
UNIX)
• Prepare the file foo.java using an editor
• Invoke the compiler: javac foo.java
• This creates foo.class
• Run the java interpreter: java foo
Java Virtual Machine
• The .class files generated by the compiler are not executable binaries
• so Java combines compilation and interpretation
• Instead, they contain “byte-codes” to be executed by the Java Virtual
Machine
• other languages have done this, e.g. UCSD Pascal
• This approach provides platform independence, and greater security
HelloWorld (standalone)
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}
• Note that String is built in
• println is a member function for the System.out class
Comments are almost like C++
• /* This kind of comment can span multiple lines */
• // This kind is to the end of the line
Primitive data types are like C
• Main data types are int, double, boolean, char
• Also have byte, short, long, float
• boolean has values true and false
• Declarations look like C, for example,
• double x, y;
• int count = 0;
Expressions are like C (Operator)
• Assignment statements mostly look like those in C; you
can use =, +=, *= etc.
• Arithmetic uses the familiar + - * / %
• Java also has ++ and --
• Java has boolean operators && || !
• Java has comparisons < <= == != >= >
• Java does not have pointers or pointer arithmetic
Conditional statements / loops
• if (x < y) smaller = x;
• if (x < y){ smaller=x;sum += x;}
else { smaller = y; sum += y; }
• while (x < y) { y = y - x; }
• do { y = y - x; } while (x < y)
• for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) sum += i;
Control statements II
switch (n + 1) {
case 0: m = n - 1; break;
case 1: m = n + 1;
case 3: m = m * n; break;
default: m = -n; break;
}
• Java also introduces the try statement, about which more later
Java isn't C!
• In C, almost everything is in functions
• In Java, almost everything is in classes
• There is often only one class per file
• There must be only one public class per file
• The file name must be the same as the name of that public class, but
with a .java extension
Java program layout
• A typical Java file looks like:
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.*;
public class SomethingOrOther {
// object definitions go here
...
}
This must be in a file named SomethingOrOther.java !
What is a class?
• Early languages had only arrays
• all elements had to be of the same type
• Then languages introduced structures (called
records, or structs)
• allowed different data types to be grouped
• Then Abstract Data Types (ADTs) became popular
• grouped operations along with the data
So, what is a class?
• A class consists of
• a collection of fields, or variables, very much like the named fields of a struct
• all the operations (called methods) that can be performed on those fields
• can be instantiated
• A class describes objects and operations defined on those objects
An example of a class
class Person {
String name;
int age;
void birthday ( ) {
age++;
System.out.println (name + ' is now ' + age);
}
}
Another example of a class
class Driver extends Person {
long driversLicenseNumber;
Date expirationDate;
}
Creating and using an object
• Person john;
john = new Person ( );
john.name = "John Smith";
john.age = 37;
• Person mary = new Person ( );
mary.name = "Mary Brown";
mary.age = 33;
mary.birthday ( );
An array is an object
• Person mary = new Person ( );
• int myArray[ ] = new int[5];
• or:
• int myArray[ ] = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25};
• String languages [ ] = {"Prolog", "Java"};
