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SDSS Lecture14

Spatial decision support systems (SDSS) use GIS and computer modeling to help decision makers solve complex problems involving spatial data and multiple criteria. An SDSS integrates a database, model base, and interface to allow interactive decision making. It supports various planning methods and can incorporate public participation through stakeholder involvement and outreach. SDSS are designed for semi-structured spatial problems involving alternatives, spatially variable consequences, multiple evaluation criteria, and uncertainty.

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Declan koech
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17 views

SDSS Lecture14

Spatial decision support systems (SDSS) use GIS and computer modeling to help decision makers solve complex problems involving spatial data and multiple criteria. An SDSS integrates a database, model base, and interface to allow interactive decision making. It supports various planning methods and can incorporate public participation through stakeholder involvement and outreach. SDSS are designed for semi-structured spatial problems involving alternatives, spatially variable consequences, multiple evaluation criteria, and uncertainty.

Uploaded by

Declan koech
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spatial Decision Support and

GIS
The Decision-making Process
• Simon divides any decision-making
process into the phases of decision-
making
– intelligence - is there a problem or an
opportunity for change?
– design - what are the decision alternatives?
– choice - which alternative is best?
Planning Methods
• SWOT
• Bargaining
• Brainstorming
• Scenario writing
• Consensus building
• Public meeting support
• Consultations
• Stakeholder involvement
• Outreach
Using GIS
• GIS and computers can synthesize data
and perform analysis and modeling
• But PEOPLE make decisions!
• How can GIS be used as part of the
decision-making process?
• Decisions can be top down (managers) or
bottom-up (public participation)
What is SDSS?
• SDSS is an interactive, computer-based system
designed to support a user or group of users in
achieving a higher effectiveness of decision
making while solving a semi-structured spatial
decision problem;
• The three terms (semi-structured spatial
problems, effectiveness, and decision support)
capture the essence of the SDSS concept
Spatial Decision Problems
The main characteristics of spatial decision problems
include:
– Many alternatives,
– Consequences of the decision alternatives are spatially variable
– Each alternative is evaluated on the basis of multiple criteria,
– Some of the criteria are qualitative others quantitative
– More than one decision maker (or interest group) involved in the
decision-making process
– Decision makers have different preferences on evaluation
criteria and decision consequences
– Decisions are often surrounded by uncertainty
Components of SDSS
• Data Base Management System
contains the functions to manage the
geographic data base
• Model Base Management System
contains the functions to manage the
model base;
• Dialog Generation and Management
System manages the interface between
the user and the rest of the system.
Sustainable land Management
Sustainable Land Management

Land Use
Zones Map

Land Allocation
Rainfall Soil Drainage Soil pH Soil Depth Soil Texture TAWC
Weight 20% Weight 13% Weight 13% Weight 14% Weight 20% Weight 20%

Data reclass

Conversion to Raster data format(cell size 100mx100m)

Soil
Rainfall Soil Depth Soil texture
Drainage Soil pH Data TAWC Data
Data data Data
Data
Land use planning(IDP
resettlement)
Agro Forestry
Disaster management

Storm
Categories
Example: CommunityViz
Summary
• SDSS has been defined as an interactive, computer-
based system designed to support a user or group of
users in achieving a higher effectiveness of decision
making while solving a semi-structured spatial decision
problem
• The SDSS concept is based on the DDM (dialog, data,
model) paradigm; a well-design SDSS should have
balance among the three capabilities.
• There are three sets of technologies for building an
SDSS: the DSS development tools, the DSS generators,
and specific SDSS
• The DSS tools facilite the development of specific SDSS
or they can be configured into a DSS generator which in
turn can be used to build a variety of specific SDSS.

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