Prime Air

Delivering
Every Day
Progress
Amazon’s 2021 Sustainability Report
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 2

About Amazon About This Report

Contents
Amazon is guided by four principles: customer At Amazon, we are committed to and invested in
obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for sustainability because it’s a win all around—it’s good Introduction Governance
invention, commitment to operational excellence, and for the planet, for business, for our customers, and 3 Opening Letter From Kara Hurst, Vic 75 Corporate Governance
long-term thinking. We strive to be Earth’s most for our communities. e President, Worldwide Sustainabilit 77 Business Ethics
customer-centric company, Earth’s best employer, and y
78 Advocacy and Public Policy
Earth’s safest Our 2021 Sustainability Report builds on our 4 Our Business
79 Partnerships
place to work. Customer reviews, 1-Click shopping, sustainability progress over the last decade—particularly 5 Sustainability Around the Globe

personalized recommendations, Prime, Fulfillment by since we co- founded The Climate Pledge in 2019 and 6 Goals and Progress

Amazon, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Kindle Direct announced our commitment to achieve net-zero 7 Continuing Our COVID-19 Response
Appendix
Publishing, Kindle, Career Choice, Fire tablets, Fire carbon emissions across our business by 2040. This 81 SASB
TV, Amazon Echo, Alexa, Just Walk Out technology, report also includes our work on a wide range of Environment 84 UNGP Reporting Framework
Amazon Studios, and The Climate Pledge are some Amazon commitments and initiatives to support our 10 Our Carbon Footprint 90 TCFD
of the things pioneered by Amazon. We have more employees, our supply chain partners, and the 14 Growing The Climate Pledge 96 UN SDGs
than communities where we operate around the world. 16 Investing in Innovation Thr 97 Carbon Footprint Data
1.6 million employees worldwide, with operations All financial figures are reported in U.S. dollars ough The Climate Pledge Fund 98 Supplier Assessments
in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, India, Latin ($), unless otherwise stated. 18 Supporting Nature-Based 99 Our Workforce Data
America, the Middle East, and North America. Solutions
100 Disclaimer and
20 On the Path to 1 0 0 % Renewable Forward-Looking Statements
Please note that data within this report primarily
Energy
Look out for these symbols reflects progress as of 2021, and all data that is
22 Incorporating Sustainability Into
throughout the report: timebound since a certain date is updated as of June Our Buildings
A link that directs you to a 2022, unless otherwise indicated. 24 Decarbonizing Transportation
website A link within the report 26 Avoiding and Managing Waste
A link to a download This report includes appendices that are informed 28 Improving Our Packaging
by the following frameworks: the Sustainability 30 Product Sustainability
Look out for these common Accounting Standards Board (SASB), the Task Force 35 Sustainability in the Cloud
abbreviations throughout the on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), Society
report: AWS—Amazon Web Services and the United Nations Guiding Principles (UNGP) 41 Respecting Human Rights Throughout
UN—United Nations NGO— Reporting Framework. Our Business
Nongovernmental organizations CO 2 — 46 Providing a Range of Employee
Benefits
Carbon dioxide
51 Fostering Diversity, Equity, and
CO 2 e—Carbon dioxide equivalent Inclusion
57 Employee Engagement: Listening to
Our People
59 Safety, Health, and Well-Being at
Amazon
61 Building a Supply Chain That Puts
People First
69 Supporting Our Communities
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 3

Opening Letter Delivering Progress for the Planet diverse representation in our workforce at the most senior
levels. We’ve helped more than 70,000 Amazon employees
Delivering Progress Every Day

From Kara Hurst In 2019, we co-founded The Climate Pledge and made a
commitment to achieve net-zero carbon by 2040—10
learn new skills and advance their careers as part of our
Upskilling 2025 pledge, and we are enabling thousands of
We are proud of the progress we’ve made, but we
recognize we have more to do. Our everyday actions to
years ahead of the Paris Agreement. We invited others to hourly employees in 14 countries to earn certificates and deliver progress are in service of achieving long-term,
Vice President, Worldwide join degrees through Amazon Career Choice. Earlier this year, we systemic change that improves the well-being of
Sustainability, Amazon us and there are now more than 300 businesses and also expanded travel reimbursements for our employees in people, communities, and the planet.
organizations across 51 industries and 29 countries that the U.S. to cover treatment for non-life-threatening medical
Every day at Amazon, we ask ourselves, “How can we make have signed the Pledge, which means we are issues when travel is required, including elective abortion The path to achieving some of our goals will be long and
this product, this service, or this experience better for our collectively coming at the climate crisis from nearly and infertility, starting in 2022. complex, but we are not deterred. At Amazon, we thrive on
customers?” We continually seek ways to challenge every sector and nearly every angle. pushing the boundaries of what’s possible. We are taking
ourselves and improve how we deliver for our customers, As part of our efforts to decarbonize our business, we In our communities, we are supporting initiatives to address the same tenacity we use to invent and problem solve for
support became the world’s largest corporate purchaser of the affordable housing crisis—including a commitment of our customers and applying it to how we help address
our employees, and accelerate the pace of innovation. renewable energy in 2020, and last year, we reached 8 5 % more than $2 billion from the Amazon Housing Equity some of the world’s biggest challenges. I hope you enjoy
This mindset is ingrained in our culture, so every day, renewable energy across our business. We continue to Fund, launched last year. As of March 2022, these learning more about how we are doing this as you read
we apply the same relentless pursuit to delivering expand our use of zero-emission transportation such as commitments have already preserved or created 8,000 our 2021 Sustainability Report.
progress on our sustainability commitments. electric delivery vans, cargo bikes, and on-foot deliveries, affordable units to house more than 18,000 people. Also
The journey to become more sustainable is not simple and in 2021, more than 100 million packages were last year—in service to people in our communities and With gratitude,
or straightforward for any organization. For a company delivered to our customers’ doorsteps globally using zero- supply chain—we signed the United Nations’ (UN)
of the size and broad scope of Amazon, it’s a big emission vehicles. We are also investing in nature-based Women’s Empowerment Principles, which offers businesses Kara Hurst
challenge. But at Amazon, we don’t shy away from big solutions, and last year, we helped to create the Lowering guidance on ways to promote gender equity in the
challenges. We innovate and create. We don’t have all Emissions by Accelerating Forest finance (LEAF) Coalition—a workplace and global community; we created a $150
the answers today, but we believe in the need to act global initiative of governments and leading companies million Black Business Accelerator program in partnership
now. that has already mobilized $1 billion to protect the world’s with our Black Employee Network affinity group; and we
This is reflected in one of our newest Leadership Principles, tropical rainforests. We will continue launched a $12 million, five-year partnership with the U.S.
introduced last year: Success and Scale Bring Broad to act boldly to address climate change and to invest in National Safety Council to uncover new ways to prevent
Responsibility. It says that “we are big, we impact the solutions to help meet our commitment to reach net- and address musculoskeletal disorders.
world, and we are far from perfect. We must be humble zero carbon across our operations by 2040. Since the beginning of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in early
and thoughtful about even the secondary effects of our 2022, we quickly mobilized to provide humanitarian aid
actions. Our local communities, planet, and future Delivering Progress for People and assistance to the people of Ukraine, including
generations need us to be better every day.” We apply our financial and in-kind donations, cloud computing credits,
Leadership Principles daily—whether we are discussing Our ability to be a force for change on behalf of our resettlement support, and more. We are proud of how
ideas for new inventions or deciding on the best approach planet relies on diverse perspectives from smart, our global teams came together to support this effort and
to solve a problem. Throughout 2021, we embedded the passionate, are honored
spirit of and committed people from all backgrounds. In 2021, we to have been awarded the Ukraine Peace Prize for the
this Leadership Principle into our everyday actions continued to make progress on our diversity goals, support AWS has shown the Ukraine government and
and continued to make progress on our including increasing the number of Black directors and vice the Ukrainian people.
environmental and social commitments. presidents by almost 70%, and we remain committed to
increasing
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 4

Our Business
As part of our mission to be Earth’s most customer-centric company, we are
committed to building a sustainable business for our employees, customers,
and communities, including the people that support our entire value chain.

Our Operations Our Communities Our Supply Chain Our Customers

We offer access to a wide selection of products We leverage our scale and assets for good to Our approach is designed to drive We are always finding new ways to delight our
sold by us and by third parties across dozens of support charitable organizations and strengthen engagement with suppliers that meet our customers while constantly aiming to offer lower
categories. We help make customers’ lives communities where our employees and customers expectations for prices, better selections, and more convenient
easier and more enjoyable through our devices live and respecting human rights, providing safe and services. We serve our primary customer sets in the
and work. Our culture is built around solving seemingly inclusive workplaces, and promoting a sustainable following ways: consumers through our online and
services. We create and provide access to world- impossible problems, which is why we take a future. physical stores; sellers through programs that
class content and entertainment. We provide the different, more hands-on approach than most. We We engage with suppliers across the globe enable them to grow their businesses; developers
world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted use this approach to support education for that are required to meet the standards we and enterprises of all sizes through AWS; content
cloud offering. All of this and more is underscored underrepresented groups, address direct needs outline and commit to these principles. creators through services that enable them to
by our commitment to customer service and a including family hunger, homelessness, and natural publish and sell content; and advertisers through
state-of-the- art logistics and delivery network. disasters, and protect our planet to build a better advertising services.
future for all.

Our Principles We have 16 Leadership Principles , which describe how we do business and how we keep the customer at the
center of our decisions. In 2021, we added two new Leadership Principles: Strive to be Earth’s Best
Employer
and Success and Scale Bring Broad Responsibility.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 5

Sustainability Canada
Germany
Partnered with The Nature
Italy
Singapore

Around
Conservancy’s Urban Greening Announced our first renewable
Announced our largest Program in Germany and Supported Parco Italia, an energy project in Singapore, a
renewable energy project in supported mapping and urban forestry program that 62-megawatt (MW) solar

the Globe
Canada in June 2021. Once analysis for roofs, grasslands, aims to plant 22 million trees project
online, our renewable projects and urban across made up of a series of solar
in Canada will produce more streetscapes in Berlin. 14 metropolitan areas in Italy. panels mounted on a ground
than 1 million megawatt-hours system that will generate 80,000
(MWh) each year. MWh of clean energy annually.
Our global sustainability efforts
are making a positive impact in
communities around the world.

Learn more about our global on our United States

initiatives website.
Women at Amazon in Indonesia
the
U.S. earned 99.9 Partnered with Water.org and
cents for every dollar WaterAid in India and Indonesia
that men earned to provide clean water to over
performing the same 250,000 community members.
jobs in 2021.

Brazil India
Partnered with The Nature Began adding 10,000
Conservancy to launch the electric vehicles to
Agroforestry and Restoration our existing fleet.
Accelerator to restore native
rainforest to naturally trap
and store carbon and
mitigate
Tanzania
climate change. Began hosting data on AWS
South Africa on the Digital Earth Africa
Launched our first platform to monitor how Australia
operational solar project in coastal erosion, rising sea
South Africa, expected to levels, and deforestation are Supported Solcast to use
generate up to 28,000 MWh contributing to the degradation cloud cover, solar radiation,
of renewable energy per year of mangrove trees on the and photovoltaic power data
for the grid. island. to provide forecasts to the
solar power industry.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 6

Goals On a path to
powering our
Increase
representation of
Success and
Scale Bring
and operations with
100% renewable
employees from
diverse backgrounds
Broad
Responsibility
Progress energy by 2025 across our business

Bold thinking and relentless

274 85% +70% 45.5% 225M+ $2B
Renewable projects Renewable energy Increase in the number Female representation on In-kind donated items, Investment through the
innovation. That’s what we announced as of the (electricity) reached of Black directors and Amazon’s Board of including personal protective Amazon Housing Equity Fund
end of 2021 across Amazon’s business vice presidents in 2021 Directors as of 2021 equipment and essentials, in to support affordable housing
do at Amazon, and how we in 2021 2021
approach sustainability is
no approach
Our exception.
combines long-term commitments #1 100K+ 9K+
World’s largest corporate Employee participants in Amazon transportation associates trained to identify
and everyday actions, reinforced by our
purchaser of renewable Amazon affinity groups globally and respond to potential victims of human trafficking
Leadership Principles and our “Day 1” mentality. energy in 2021
We apply our history of invention to ideas and
efforts that support people and communities.
We make targeted investments to support our Contributing to a
Transforming Our Operations Activating Collective Impact
ambitions and the development of sustainable More Equitable
technologies. These are just some of the Society
many ways we are working to deliver
progress on the path to achieving our long- Make 50% of Strive to be Inspire and
term goals. Amazon shipments Earth’s Best empower others to
Learn more about our Goals and net-zero carbon Employer join us on a mission
Progress on our website. by 2030 to reach
net-zero carbon by
2040

100M+ 1.5M+ $1.2B $300M+ 300+ 370M+

Packages delivered to Tons of packaging Investment as part of Investments in safety, Companies that have Climate Pledge Friendly
customers’ doorsteps using eliminated since 2015 our Upskilling 2025 including capital improvements joined Amazon in units shipped to
zero-emission vehicles in pledge and new technology, in 2021 signing The Climate Amazon customers in
2021 Pledge 2021

38% $18+ $2B

Reduction in per-shipment packaging Average starting wage per hour for roles in Investment through The Climate Pledge Fund to
weight since 2015 fulfillment and transportation in the U.S. support the development of sustainable technologies
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 7

Continuing Vaccine Support Enabling Global Innovation AWS Diagnostic Development Initiative

Our COVID- From March through early December 2021, we hosted

more than 1,800 on-site vaccination events for front-
Our infrastructure has also been helping scientists gain and
share knowledge of RNA viruses in record time. Diseases
The AWS Diagnostic Development Initiative (DDI)
a two-year, $20 million commitment to accelerate
is

19
line caused by RNA viruses include the common cold, influenza, research
employees. We also launched the Max Your Vax sweepstakes SARS, COVID-19, hepatitis C, Ebola, rabies, polio, and and innovation to advance the collective understanding and
to encourage our front-line operations employees to get measles. detection of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in

Response vaccinated. We offered a variety of weekly prizes—including

two $500,000 grand prizes, six $100,000 cash prizes, five
An international team of scientists from the Serratus project
built a powerful supercomputer on AWS in just eight weeks.
order to mitigate current and future outbreaks.
In the first phase of the AWS DDI , AWS supported 87
new vehicles valued at $40,000 each, and five vacations The supercomputer searched almost 6 million publicly organizations in 17 countries, ranging from nonprofits
Since the early stages of the each valued at $12,000 that included 40 hours of paid time available biological samples for the presence of RNA viruses in and research institutions to startups and large
off. less than two weeks for $24,000—achieving what would businesses.
COVID-19 pandemic, we have Empowering Customers to Manage have taken a standard computer well over 2,000 years and AWS awarded $8 million to support a range of diagnostic
worked nonstop to make Health and Safety cost at least 10 times more. Through this process, the projects, including molecular tests for antibodies,
hundreds of changes to our research team used the AWS Cloud to identify more than antigens, and nucleic acids; diagnostic imaging;
Throughout the pandemic, we have invested billions of 130,000 new RNA viruses, including nine new coronaviruses, wearables; and data analytics tools that use artificial
operational processes to protect
dollars in the health and safety of our employees and creating a “global viral surveillance system” that could help intelligence and machine learning to detect COVID-19.
the health of customers, including building an in-house COVID-19 testing prevent future pandemics. In April 2021, AWS launched the next phase and
our employees and communities. In program to ensure front-line employees have access to broadened the Initiative’s scope to three new areas: 1)
2021, amid new variants and further free, regular testing in the U.S. and the UK. A Helping Hand early disease detection to identify outbreaks at the
individual and at the community level; 2) prognosis to
lockdowns, we continued to invest By January 2021, our national COVID-19 testing lab In early 2021, Amazon took immediate action to help better understand disease trajectory; and 3) public health
heavily in supporting our located in Kentucky processed more than 1 million address the COVID-19 surge in India. We utilized our global genomics to bolster viral genome sequencing worldwide.
employees, customers, and COVID-19 tests for front-line employees from more than logistics network to purchase, airlift, and deliver medical
700 testing sites, and provided access to COVID-19 testing equipment identified as critically needed by the
communities.
Learn more about our global efforts to nearly all front-line employees. At the height of the government of India and local charities. Helping Employees Get Back to
to support customers, pandemic, our labs were processing more than 30,000 tests Work
employees, and communities through the each day. We worked with industry partners and nongovernmental When the time came for employees to start returning to
COVID-19 pandemic. We took what we learned from this process to create our organizations (NGOs) to deliver more than 8,000 oxygen corporate offices, we engaged with our teams to find out
own at-home COVID-19 test collection kit for concentrators and 500 BiPAP machines to India. This medical what kind of flexibility they needed to keep everyone safe,
customers. The tests received Emergency Use equipment was donated to hospitals and public institutions rather than specifying a one-size-fits-all approach for all
Authorization from the to increase their capacity to help COVID-19-infected business units. We encouraged leaders to determine how
U.S. Food and Drug Administration in June 2021, patients across multiple cities. We also joined the U.S. many days their team members would be in the office and

$15B+
COVID-19-related costs incurred since the
providing an affordable, reliable, and convenient way for
customers to test for COVID-19 at home. The kits are
processed by
Chamber of Commerce’s Global Task Force on Pandemic
Response to deliver ventilators to India. In Nepal, Amazon
teamed up with the UN World Food Programme to donate
which days those would be, so long as that decision was
guided by what would be most effective for our customers
and safest for our employees. Some teams continue
start of the pandemic to help keep Amazon’s in-house laboratory using the diagnostic approach and deliver supplies to communities affected by COVID-19, working mostly remotely, others work a combination of
employees safe while delivering for our recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control including 850,000 personal protective items. remotely and in the office, and others work mostly in the
customers and Prevention . office.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 8

In This Section
Our Carbon Footprint

The Climate Pledge

The Climate Pledge Fund

Nature-Based Solutions

Renewable Energy

Environment Our Buildings

Investing in Positive Impact Decarbonizing

Transportation Avoiding and
Operating sustainably is no longer a choice— Managing Waste Packaging
it’s an imperative. Making meaningful
progress to address climate change takes Product Sustainability
unprecedented action across all industries
and societies. Amazon recognizes this and Sustainability in the Cloud
acknowledges that the ways we do business
have impacts far beyond our own company.
There’s no time to waste, and that’s
why we are investing in efforts to
protect the
environments of the people and communities
we serve—both now and in the future.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 9

Commitment The Climate Pledge Commitment

Over 300 signatories
Reach net-zero have joined Amazon in Make 50% of
carbon emissions signing The Climate Amazon shipments
across our operations Pledge. net-zero carbon by
by 2040 2030

Products
Shipment Zero
In 2021, more than 370 million
In 2021, more than 100
Climate Pledge Friendly units
million packages were
were shipped to Amazon

Our
delivered to
customers and we welcomed 20
our customers’ doorsteps
new third‑party sustainability
globally using zero‑emission

Commitments
certifications to the Climate
Pledge Friendly program.
Environmental vehicles. Since 2015, we
have reduced per‑shipment

and Progress packaging weight by 38%

and eliminated over 1.5
million tons of packaging.

Commitment

On a path to powering our

Commitment
operations with 100%
Reduce food renewable energy by 2025
waste by 50% — five years ahead of our
across our original target of 2030
U.S. and Europe Renewable Energy
operations by With 274 renewable projects
2030 announced as of the end of 2021,
Amazon is the world’s largest
corporate purchaser of renewable Learn more about our complete list of Goals and Progr on our
ess website.
energy.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 10

Our The path to decarbonization remains challenging.

This is especially true for a business of the size and
design, integrating power supplies into our racks, and
utilizing Graviton EC2 instances that use up to 6 0 % less
Powering Operations With 100%
Renewable Energy
Carbon broad scope of Amazon. We operate businesses—
delivery and transportation logistics, physical stores,
energy for the same performance than comparable
Amazon EC2 instances. In 2021, we reached 8 5 % renewable energy across our

Footprint
grocery, operations, and we are on a path to achieve 1 0 0 % by
manufacturing, and cloud computing services—that With all of our growth in 2021, our absolute carbon 2025—five years ahead of the original target of 2030.
involve moving products, manufacturing goods, and emissions increased by 1 8 % in 2021; however, This transition to 1 0 0 % renewable energy benefits our
creating computing capacity, all at scale. While some of importantly, our carbon intensity decreased by 1.9%—this customers as well. Studies by the international analyst
Climate change is one of the these businesses—including cloud computing and e- is the third year in a row we’ve seen our carbon intensity firm 451 Research found that moving on-premises
world’s greatest crises, and to commerce— offer greater efficiencies, some are more decrease. computing workloads to AWS can lower workload carbon
carbon-intensive endeavors. In reducing their carbon This measurement quantifies total carbon emissions, in footprint by nearly 8 0 % compared to surveyed enterprise
address it, the public and private footprint through investment and innovation, we will grams of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e), per dollar data centers.
sectors need to act together. That’s enable even greater efficiency and more-sustainable of gross merchandise sales (GMS). As companies invest That number could improve to as high as 9 6 % once AWS is
why we choices for our
As we work customers. our company, Amazon is
to decarbonize in new products and services, and their businesses powered with 1 0 0 % renewable energy—a target we are
growing rapidly. We have scaled our business at an grow on path to meet by 2025. AWS’ infrastructure is 3.6 times
co-founded The Climate Pledge,
unprecedented pace to help meet the needs of our substantially, the focus should not be solely on a company’s more energy efficient than the median of surveyed U.S.
a commitment to reach net-zero customers through the pandemic. From early 2020 to the carbon footprint in terms of absolute carbon emissions, enterprise data centers and up to five times more energy
carbon by 2040—10 years ahead end of 2021, we created more than 750,000 full-time and but also on whether it’s lowering its carbon intensity. Over efficient than the average European enterprise data center.
of the Paris Agreement. Since part-time jobs worldwide and doubled the size of the time, continued decreases in carbon intensity can lead to
fulfillment network that we lower
While we’ve had success cutting emissions from some
we created the Pledge in 2019, had built over the previous 25 years. At the same time, an absolute emissions.
operations, Seeearly
we are still the Appendix for our
in the process carbon data.
of transforming
more than 300 companies have increasing number of companies around the world moved others. Some actions and investments have immediate
joined their technology to the cloud, gaining significant speed, carbon savings, while others will take years to
innovation, and cost advantages, and AWS grew its revenue demonstrate results. The path to net-zero carbon has
Amazon in making this by 3 7 % year-over-year in 2021. many obstacles, but we thrive on big challenges. A few of
commitment. These developments meant we had to build new facilities those big challenges include:
— for both our consumer and cloud businesses—and
expand our transportation network. Throughout this • Powering our operations with 1 0 0 % renewable
growth, we remained focused on improving our efficiency energy by 2025
through more-sustainable solutions, including electric • Developing more-sustainable transportation
vehicles and alternative fuel options as well as wind and infrastructure
solar power across our network. In AWS, the team spent • Constructing more-sustainable buildings
considerable resource innovating on power efficiency, • Decarbonizing the supply chain
removing the central Uninterruptible Power Supply from
our data center
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 11

technologies: Amazon’s Climate Pledge Fund—a corporate renewable energy through a combination of off-site and Constructing our AWS data centers also presents challenges
venture fund that invests in sustainability—recently on-site solar projects. And we plan to achieve Leadership related to sustainability. Concrete and steel used in
announced it has invested in EH2 in the U.S. and Sunfire in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Platinum construction are two of the largest contributors of
in Germany, two companies helping to push the certification, the highest sustainability building certification embodied carbon in a data center building, and we have
green hydrogen industry forward. issued by the U.S. Green Building Council. multiple initiatives to reduce their carbon impact. For
example, our design standards now require concrete with a
It will take time to remove carbon emissions from heavy We also continue to innovate with construction techniques 2 0 % reduction in embodied carbon compared with
transportation systems, including ocean shipping, to make our fulfillment centers more sustainable. Many of standard concrete for new U.S. data centers, and we are
aviation, and trucking. Governments and the private our fulfillment facilities throughout the U.S., Europe, and expanding this requirement globally. Also, instead of using
sector need India are powered by on-site solar, where a rooftop steel from oxygen furnaces that burn coal or gas, we are
to come together on this important work. Amazon is installation can power up to 8 0 % of the facility’s energy moving to steel from electric-arc furnaces, which use scrap
at the heart of such industry initiatives and use. As of steel and can create steel using renewable energy and up
government 2021, 115 of our global fulfillment facilities have to 1 0 0 % recycled content. In 2021, six AWS data centers
partnerships, including the Cargo Owners for Zero rooftop solar installations. were constructed with steel made this way, and we have
Emission Vessels network (coZEV), the First Movers plans
Coalition, the Sustainable Aviation Buyers Alliance Aviators to build more in the future.
Group (SABA), and the Clean Energy Demand Initiative.
Developing More-Sustainable Constructing More-
Transportation Sustainable Buildings
Infrastructure
Reducing carbon emissions in transportation is a complex Businesses also face the challenge of removing carbon
challenge for many companies. We plan to make half of emissions from new building construction. Via The
our shipments net-zero carbon by 2030, and to do that, we Climate Pledge Fund, Amazon has invested in
are creating a worldwide fleet of zero-emission vehicles. CarbonCure
Right now, the vehicles and charging infrastructure don’t Technologies, which enables concrete producers to make
exist at the scale needed to serve customers. We need the same high-quality concrete with a lower carbon
the supply to increase dramatically. We have ordered footprint, and Brimstone Energy, which seeks to make
100,000 electric vehicles (EVs) from Rivian, and thousands cement carbon- neutral through a process focused on
more from manufacturers such as Mercedes-Benz, calcium silicate rocks, which have no embedded CO2, as
Stellantis, and Mahindra Electric. These orders have sent a well as magnesium species, which passively absorb CO2.
demand signal that is shifting the market to meet not only
Amazon is lowering
our needs, but also the needs of other companies around
the carbon footprint of our buildings by using
the world.
CarbonCure’s systems and Brimstone Energy cement in
some new construction, including in Amazon’s second
We announced in November that, in the city of Paris, HQ2 will be ainmodel
headquarters for (HQ2).
Virginia sustainable construction. We’ve
two-thirds of our shipments are delivered using zero- electrified the operations of HQ2, eliminating the use of
emission transport such as EVs, electric cargo bikes, and fossil fuels for buildings systems and food service. We
on-foot deliveries. We also are exploring green have committed to powering 1 0 0 % of HQ2’s operations
hydrogen with
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 12

Decarbonizing the Supply Chain We Thrive on Big Challenges

Amazon utilizes an extensive supply chain to deliver goods The challenges we collectively face on the path to net-
and services to our customers. Our carbon accounting zero carbon are considerable. Many new technologies are
process addresses all three Scopes of emissions under the showing promise in their ability to reduce carbon
Greenhouse Gas Protocol. Since 2019, we have shared the emissions, but may still require significant development.
Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions included in our footprint We need to both invent new solutions and scale and drive
through our annual Sustainability Report, along with a down the costs of known solutions.
detailed description of the comprehensive methodology
underlying our calculations. In 2021, we reached 8 5 % renewable energy across our
operations, and we are on a path to achieve 1 0 0 % by
Measurement is critical as we work toward our goal of net- 2025—five years ahead of the original target of 2030.
zero carbon by 2040—we have to measure and Progress is not easy, and we are far from done. However,
understand emissions in order to eliminate them. Like our success in deploying renewable energy globally
other companies, we are working to improve the provides us with a playbook that we are deploying to
granularity of data available and will continue to seek tackle big challenges like transportation, building
improvements to our reporting processes. We already construction, and supply chain decarbonization strategies.
work with organizations and regulatory bodies around the With our relentless culture of innovation, and a tenacious
globe to promote transparent and comparable climate team of sustainability scientists and professionals, we are
reporting. committed to reaching our 2040 target.
One example of this is through our partnership with the
We Mean Business Coalition, a group of nonprofits But we can’t do it alone. We will continue to work with
focused on accelerating the transition to a net-zero partners in the public and private sectors to drive
economy. We innovation, technology advancements, and global policy
support the Coalition’s SME Climate Hub—a global initiative change. To the public sector, we say: We support and
that gives small and medium-sized enterprises, like those encourage policies and public-private partnerships that will
in our supply chain, free tools and resources to measure help accelerate climate solutions. And as one of more than
and report their emissions. With the Hub’s support, these 300 signatories to The Climate Pledge, we say to the
companies are committing to halve their emissions by innovators, scientists,
2030 and to reach net-zero by 2050. builders, and entrepreneurs: Our door is open. We all need
to decarbonize. The work may not make the headlines or
bring immediate rewards, but a challenge like this will
never be resolved overnight. These are the hard steps that
need to be taken. We welcome you to join us in finding
solutions to this global crisis.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 13

How Amazon Is Addressing the

Global Challenges in Carbon Reduction Commitment

Reach net-zero
The path to decarbonization is incredibly complex, but we thrive on
big challenges. Here’s a snapshot of how we are addressing some of
carbon emissions
them. across our operations
by 2040

Prime Air
On a path to powering our operations
with 100% renewable energy by 2025 Recruiting more than 300
—five years ahead of our original target businesses to join us in
the pledge to reach the Collaborating with others
Helping our customers meet goal to improve carbon
Constructing data centers their net-zero goals: Studies of the Paris Agreement emissions reporting, such
using steel made with found that moving on-premises Ordering a worldwide 10 years early, and be as the We Mean Business
Eliminating the use of fossil workloads to AWS can lower fleet of more than
renewable energy and up net-zero carbon by Coalition’s SME Climate
fuels for buildings systems and workload carbon footprint by 100,000 EVs, powering
to 100% recycled 2040 Hub
food service at HQ2 and nearly 80% our goal to make half Supporting the
content
achieving LEED Platinum our shipments net-zero transparency of carbon
certification carbon by 2030 emissions reporting and
working to improve the
Launching partnerships
granularity of data
to decarbonize
available
shipping Supporting the adoption of
and air freight low-carbon fuel
industries, such as standards
and policies that accelerate
coZEV, First Movers EV charging infrastructure
Coalition, and SABA
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 14

Growing The Our Approach The Pledge Commitments “In the face of great peril, which is
what the latest science depicts, the

Climate Joining The Climate Pledge is an opportunity for

companies to be part of a community committed to
Signatories of The Climate Pledge agree to three
areas of action:
business community must have a
clear path forward. Step up and

Pledge
transformational action to protect the environment from accelerate emissions reductions so
the disruptive Regular Reporting: Measure and report greenhouse that we might avoid the worst of
risks associated with climate change. Signatories commit gas emissions on a regular basis. the damages yet
to reaching net-zero carbon emissions by 2040 and play to come. It’s encouraging that 300
The Climate Pledge is a commitment a critical role in stimulating investment in the Carbon Elimination: Implement decarbonization strategies companies are committed to working
to reach net-zero carbon emissions development of low-carbon products and services. in line with the Paris Agreement through real business together to achieve net-zero carbon by
by 2040—10 years ahead of the Amazon became the first company to sign The Climate changes and innovations, including efficiency 2040 or sooner through The Climate
Pledge after co-founding the initiative with Global improvements, renewable energy, materials reductions, and Pledge. But 300 companies are not
Paris Agreement. Amazon co- Optimism, a purpose-driven organization led by Christiana other carbon- emission-elimination strategies. enough to deliver the transformations
founded Figueres and Tom Rivett-Carnac, who oversaw the delivery we need. I encourage all business
The Climate Pledge in 2019 to of the historic Paris Agreement, the first global accord on Credible Offsets: Neutralize any remaining emissions with leaders to get to grips with the science,
climate change. additional, quantifiable, real, permanent, and socially beneficial translate it for their businesses, and
build a cross-sector community The Climate Pledge joins leading organizations like the offsets to achieve net-zero annual carbon emissions by enable the changes we need without
of companies, organizations, We Mean Business Coalition, Race to Zero, TED 2040. delay.”
individuals, and partners working Countdown, and the Science Based Targets initiative Learn more about the latest stories, progress,
(SBTi) to provide resources and support to mobilize the and signatories on The Climate Pledge website . Christiana Figueres
together to address the climate private sector to reach net-zero carbon by 2040. Founding Partner of Global Optimism, Former
crisis and solve the challenges of Executive Secretary of the UN Framework
decarbonizing
Collectively, The Climateour economy.
Pledge signatories
Convention on Climate Change
represent:
Progress in 2021
300+
Businesses and organizations
$3.5T+
In global annual
In 2021, 253 companies joined Amazon as
signatories of The Climate Pledge—an increase of
revenue
over 700% in signatories over the previous year.

8M+
Employees
51
Industries

29
Countries
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 15

Putting Principles Into Practice

The power of The Climate Pledge is bringing companies together

to accelerate action—and that’s just what happened with
Climate Pledge Arena . Oak View Group , the Seattle Kraken
, and Amazon—all signatories of The Climate Pledge—worked
together to build the most sustainable arena in the world.

Named by Amazon and opened in 2021, Seattle’s history-

making Climate Pledge Arena embodies the spirit of the Pledge
and
aims to set a new sustainability bar for the sports and events
industry. In November 2020, the arena submitted its net-zero
carbon registration to the International Living Future Institute.
If certification is achieved, Climate Pledge Arena will be the
first net-zero carbon certified arena in the world.

Renewable electricity from on-site solar panels and off-site

renewable energy powers 1 0 0 % of the arena’s operations.
The stadium uses reclaimed rainwater stored in the ice rink
system, a concept called “Rain to Rink,” to create the
greenest ice in the National Hockey League (NHL). The
building itself is
also a feat; the original 44-million-pound roof from the
previous Key Arena was reused in the construction to
significantly reduce the embodied carbon of the new arena.

The arena is also aiming to divert over 9 7 % of waste and

eliminate 1 0 0 % of single-use plastics by 2024. As for the guest
experience, at least 7 5 % of the ingredients of food served in the
arena will
be sourced within a 300-mile radius and on a seasonal basis to
support regional farmers and producers. All viable unused food
from events will be donated to local community food
programs.

The arena stands as a living example of what’s possible in the

transition to a low-carbon economy. It’s not about giving up
things we love—it’s about using innovation, technology, and
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 16

Investing in Investments in 2021 BETA Technologies is reshaping air

transportation with an electric vertical takeoff and landing
Hippo Harvest is an agricultural company using plant
science, machine learning, and robotics to grow leafy

Innovation In 2021, Amazon invested in the following companies and

initiatives to accelerate sustainability progress across the
(eVTOL) aircraft. This aircraft, called the ALIA, can carry
three cargo pallets, or up to six people, for zero
greens and other produce in greenhouse environments.
Hippo Harvest’s technology addresses the emissions and

Through
areas of transportation, aviation, freight, packaging, operational emissions delivery of cargo, medical supplies, waste that result from traditional produce farming. These
farming, and technology: or passengers. Amazon’s investment in BETA Technologies include fertilizer and land use, transportation, and landfill
advances our path to zero-emissions package delivery and methane from wasted produce, which account for roughly

The Climate Amogy is developing a system to convert green

ammonia to power that will be emission-free at the point
builds on our previous
investment in ZeroAvia, the developers of hydrogen-
3 0 % of the emissions from crops grown for human
consumption.

Pledge of use. With the potential to become one of the first

scalable ammonia- to-power systems, Amogy’s
electric aviation solutions. The greenhouse system can be deployed almost anywhere,
allowing produce to be grown closer to consumers. This cuts

Fund
technology carries enough energy density to support down emissions from produce transportation and increases
long-distance transportation such as cargo shipping. This the shelf life of fresh produce by up to five days. As a
would be a significant step in helping decarbonize the grocery retailer, Amazon is committed to supporting new
main transport mode for global trade. Amogy’s technology produce solutions like those offered by Hippo Harvest as we
We know that substantial also has future implications for Amazon’s own grow
investment is needed to decarbonization goals, including those set by The Climate our product offerings at our Amazon Fresh and
Pledge. Whole Foods Market stores.
develop solutions that will
facilitate CMC Machinery designs and manufactures custom-sized
the transition to a low-carbon boxes tailored to the dimensions of the items in each
order. This technology lowers or removes the need for
economy. The Climate Pledge
single-use plastic padding while still protecting items
Fund is a $2 billion venture during shipping. Amazon expects that by the end of
investment program supporting 2022, this technology could reduce the cubic volume of
the development of sustainable the boxes we use for package deliveries by 2 4 % on
average, and the technology is projected to reduce our
technologies and services that use of approximately 1 billion plastic air pillows by the
will enable Amazon to meet our end of 2022.
net- zero carbon goal. As of the
end
of 2021, Amazon had invested
in 13 companies across
multiple industry sectors since
launching this fund in 2020.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 17

Resilient Power (RP) builds efficient and

effective transformer-based EV charging technology. RP’s
technology enables EV fast-charging infrastructure to be
built at one- tenth the size and installation time of
traditional charging technology, and is capable of charging
up to 24 vehicles at a time without requiring expensive
distribution grid upgrades. RP’s technology has the
potential to help Amazon meet our goal of deploying
100,000 Rivian electric vans by 2030, by ensuring that
vehicles can be quickly recharged to support delivery of
customer packages.
Infinium is a renewable electrofuels solution provider that
focuses on converting captured carbon dioxide and
hydrogen feedstocks into net-zero carbon fuels for use in
today’s air transport, marine freight, and heavy truck fleets.
Infinium electrofuels have the potential to enable
organizations
to meet their carbon-reduction goals by accelerating
the transition away from fossil fuels.

Collaborating to Accelerate Invention The Climate Pledge Fund has also joined Elemental
Excelerator’s Scale-Up Program . Together, Elemental
In 2021, The Climate Pledge Fund joined Greentown Labs , Excelerator and Amazon are working to accelerate a
ION Energy develops software to improve the life and the largest climate tech startup incubator in North America. pathway to decarbonization that mitigates the impact of
performance of lithium-ion batteries that power electric Greentown Labs has a growing network of industry-leading climate change more quickly and equitably by identifying
vehicles (EVs) and energy-storage systems. ION works with organizations committed to climate action and innovation. and supporting technology startups at the forefront of
more than 75 customers in the mobility and energy The Climate Pledge Fund’s engagement with climate tech clean energy, mobility, agriculture, and the circular economy.
industry across 15 countries, including India, France, Spain, startups will help accelerate the transition to a low-carbon
and the economy. Learn more about our full list of
U.S. We believe that ION’s mission to improve the life and investments on The Climate Pledge website
performance of lithium-ion batteries will ultimately scale .
solutions that help us all achieve our ambitious climate
goals.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 18

Supporting Our Approach scalable business models for reforestation and

regenerative agroforestry. Over time, we will look to
Nepal. The LEAF Coalition is expected to become one of the
largest initiatives ever to protect tropical forests and

Nature-Based In 2019, Amazon created the Right Now Climate Fund, a

$100 million fund for nature-based solutions to restore and
expand our focus to include other forms of nature-based
carbon removal, such as restoring mangrove forests and
support sustainable development, and will benefit billions
of people around the world who depend on the

Solutions
conserve forests, wetlands, and grasslands around the marine ecosystems. rainforests.
world.
Amazon uses nature-based solutions to mitigate carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal in Brazil Supporting Family Forests in the U.S.
emissions outside of our value chain and supplement the In 2021, Amazon partnered with The Nature In 2020, Amazon committed $10 million to support two
Climate science is telling us carbon-reduction efforts we are driving across our Conservancy to launch the Agroforestry and Restoration programs in collaboration with The Nature Conservancy.
that, even with aggressive operations. Nature-based solutions also have the additional Accelerator . The programs help family forest owners sequester
benefit of helping to preserve the natural world by The Accelerator will restore native rainforest to naturally carbon across the Appalachian region of the Eastern
decarbonization efforts, companies conserving wildlife habitats, protecting biodiversity, trap and store carbon and mitigate climate change. It will U.S., which has been identified as disproportionately
will need to go beyond their improving water quality, and reducing flood risk. All of these also create a more sustainable source of income for important for conserving biodiversity and mitigating
own operations to reach net- impacts can greatly enhance well-being in communities thousands of local farmers in the Brazilian Amazonian state climate change.
around the world. of Pará. The Accelerator is experimenting with innovative Amazon’s grant supports efforts to expand the programs
zero emissions by 2050. We We follow scientific research to fund initiatives that are to new regions, develop a scientific approach to
ways to support farmers and nurture markets for
believe that companies, including critical to hitting the targets of the Paris Agreement and sustainable commodities and will advance new approaches measuring regional carbon impact, and enhance carbon
Amazon, can drastically reduce staving and satellite-based technologies to quantify and monitor verification methodology for these projects. In 2021, the
off the most catastrophic effects of climate change. Our programs added 107 new family landowners and
their own emissions while also carbon removal.
approach to carbon neutralization focuses on three Reducing Emissions From expanded access to the program to 130 counties.
investing outside their operations actions outside our value chain that can deliver needed Deforestation
in initiatives that significantly mitigation and that have a significant unmet need for
•investment:
contribute to achieving the Paris Reducing deforestation to near zero, especially Significant investment is urgently needed to help
in tropical regions communities set a course that both provides for
Agreement. One way we are doing • Scaling up the removal of carbon from the sustainable economic development and protects forests,
this is by investing in nature-based atmosphere with nature-based solutions such as particularly in tropical forest regions.
solutions that conserve, restore, and reforestation
and agroforestry
improve land management • Scaling up carbon-removal technologies, such as Protecting the World’s Tropical Rainforests
activities to increase carbon storage direct air carbon capture and storage In 2021, Amazon helped to create the Lowering
in a variety of habitats. Emissions by Accelerating Forest finance (LEAF) Coalition ,
Scaling Up Nature-Based a global initiative of governments and leading companies
Carbon Removal that has already mobilized $1 billion to protect the
world’s tropical rainforests . The public-private project is
Nature-based carbon removal has the potential to take designed to accelerate climate action by providing
billions of tons of carbon dioxide out of the financing to help countries protect their tropical
atmosphere. Our nature-based carbon removal actions rainforests. In November
center on developing systems, tools, scientific 2021, the coalition signed Letters of Intent with five
knowledge, and tropical forest countries: Ecuador, Costa Rica, Ghana,
Vietnam, and
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 19

Nature-Based Investments in Urban Greening in Germany

Communities Across Europe In 2020, Amazon committed €3.75 million to The Nature
Conservancy’s Urban Greening Program in Germany,
Nature can transform urban communities while also which promotes biodiversity, reduces urban heat islands,
mitigating some of the effects of climate change, like urban and improves stormwater management in the face of
heat, flooding, and biodiversity loss. Therefore, in addition to climate change. With Amazon’s support, the program
our work and funding toward large-scale carbon launched
emissions mitigation through nature-based solutions, we in Berlin’s Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district in 2020.
are also funding smaller-scale nature projects in the In 2021, the Urban Greening Program developed
communities where we operate. mapping and analysis for roofs, grasslands, and urban
streetscapes for greening potential.
As part of our Right Now Climate Fund, Amazon has c Learn more about Amazon’s science-driven approach
ommitted €20 million toward nature-based projects in to carbon neutralization and nature-based solutions .
communities across Europe. These projects will have
robust, science-based environmental benefits for carbon
removal and biodiversity, along with social benefits such as
job creation and access to nature.

Promoting Reforestation in Italy

In 2021, Amazon committed €2 million to support
Parco Italia, an urban forestry program that aims to
plant
22 million trees across 14 metropolitan areas in Italy. This
translates to one tree planted per city resident. Amazon’s
support for this project will help cities become more
resilient to climate change by increasing urban biodiversity,
improving air quality, and promoting urban cooling.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 20

On the Path to Our Approach In 2021, we expanded our renewable energy footprint into
new geographies, and by the end of the year, announced
We also announced two new offshore wind projects in
Europe, including our largest renewable energy project to

100% Since 2014, Amazon has invested in global renewable

energy generation to decarbonize our business across our
renewable energy projects across 18 countries. Our first
solar projects in South Africa and the United Arab Emirates
date. As
of December 2021, we have enabled more than 3.5 GW of

Renewable
worldwide operations. We procure new renewable energy came online, and we announced new projects in Singapore, renewable energy in Europe through 80 projects, making
through contracts for utility-scale wind and solar, on-site Japan, Australia, and China. Our projects in South Africa Amazon the largest purchaser of renewable energy in
rooftop solar installations, and green tariffs with local and Japan are the first corporate-backed, utility-scale solar Europe.
In June 2021, Amazon announced our largest renewable

Energy utilities that deliver new, renewable energy to the grids

where
farms in these countries. energy project in Canada. Once online, Amazon’s renewable
projects in Canada will produce more than 1 million MWh
we operate. each year—enough to power more than 100,000 Canadian
Transitioning to renewable energy Our projects supply renewable energy for a variety of homes.
Amazon facilities, including corporate offices, fulfillment
is one of the highest-impact ways to centers, data centers, and physical stores, which collectively
immediately lower emissions. With serve millions of customers globally. These projects also
274 renewable projects announced help meet Amazon’s commitment to produce the clean
energy equivalent of the electricity used by every
as of the end of 2021, Amazon is customer’s Echo device. We are making additional large-
the world’s largest corporate scale investments in wind and solar farm capacity, which
purchaser of renewable energy and will produce the clean energy equivalent to the electricity
used by all Echo, Fire TV, and Ring devices worldwide by
is on a path to powering our
2025.
operations with 1 0 0 % renewable
energy by 2025—five years ahead Our Journey
of our original target of 2030.
In 2021, we reached 8 5 % renewable energy across our
business, with more than 12 gigawatts (GW) of
renewable energy production capacity across our global
As of the end of 2021, Amazon had portfolio.
announced: Once these projects are fully operational, they are expected
to deliver up to 33,700 gigawatt-hours of energy annually

274
Global renewable
105
Utility-scale wind
— the electricity output equivalent to powering more than
3 million U.S. homes for one year.
These projects helped power more than 30 million
energy projects and solar
megawatt-hours (MWh) of electricity used by Amazon in
projects
2021 and led to a 2 3 % reduction in our carbon

169
Solar rooftops on facilities and
emissions from purchased electricity from 2020 to
2021.

stores
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 21

A South African Solar Farm Energy Storage Solutions

In 2021, Amazon’s first operational solar project
24K+ Keeping the power grid supplied when the sun isn’t shining
in South Africa started to supply clean, Solar panels and the wind isn’t blowing demands innovative solutions to
renewable energy to the grid that powers AWS continually generate carbon-free electricity. In 2021, Amazon

25K
data centers, contributing to the country’s 2030 announced our first solar energy and storage projects ,
renewable energy goals. Located in the Northern which provide the infrastructure required to store solar
Cape province, the 10-megawatt (MW) solar energy generated when the sun is shining. These utility-
project Tons carbon emissions
avoided annually scale projects help enable electricity grids to operate with
is expected to generate up to 28,000 MWh of
carbon- free electricity when the sun isn’t shining.
renewable energy per year, which is equivalent
to the annual electricity consumption of over
8,000 average South African homes.
Making the Grid Greener
The solar project consists of more than 24,000
Through Renewable Energy
solar panels that track the sun from east to Optimization
west, rotating on a single point. Altogether,
the project covers an area of 20 hectares in As our use of renewable energy grows, we monitor the
the Northern Cape, where sunlight is an operational performance of hundreds of global projects to
abundant resource. help us achieve our renewable energy goals. We employ a
The project’s design will avoid an estimated team dedicated to renewable energy optimization (REO) ,
25,000 tons of carbon emissions annually, the which leverages AWS Cloud technology to improve the
equivalent of removing 5,400 cars from the performance of Amazon’s portfolio of wind and solar
road in South Africa. projects. Our REO team developed an end-to-end solution
using AWS services to perform near real-time monitoring of
The solar project is majority-owned by local our renewable energy projects. The team used AWS
women and operated by a fully South African- Internet of Things-based architecture to create a highly
owned company. The project has reduced waste secure, reliable, scalable, and low-cost solution that
by donating unused materials from construction, manages data from hundreds of renewable energy
including pallets and electrical cable drums, to projects. This enables us to rapidly identify and
local furniture businesses and special skills schools troubleshoot inefficiencies and find more opportunities for
to support small and medium-sized businesses. greater impact.

By 2025, we expect these optimizations will deliver the

same amount of additional clean energy as a new 150-
MW wind farm.

Learn more about our global

© SOLA GROUP renewable energy projects on our
website .
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 22

Incorporating Our Approach In Corporate Offices Informed by an active and ongoing engagement process with
Arlington County, we are reintroducing native plant species

Sustainability We leverage industry best practices and emerging

technologies in facility design and operation to drive
We use innovative design to build sustainability into our
physical campuses. Energy-efficient lighting, low-flow
and creating a green, walkable, safe, and enjoyable
community park for employees, nearby residents, and visitors.

Into Our
reductions across carbon, energy, water, and waste. We water fixtures, composting, and recycling are common We are also expanding the planted area by 5,500 square
focus on the direct emissions that result from features in our corporate offices. Many of our office feet, bringing the total area of public space at PenPlace to
powering our buildings, as well as the indirect buildings offer plazas and open green spaces for public 2.5 acres.

Buildings emissions from

the embodied carbon—the carbon emitted during
use, along with green roofs that provide outdoor amenity
space while supporting ecological functions like
In addition, we are making it easier for pedestrians and
cyclists to navigate the campus. Protected bike lanes
construction—in our building materials and equipment. stormwater management. We also offer plug-in electric connect PenPlace to the comprehensive local bike transit
Amazon operates thousands of We use proven technologies to enhance efficiency vehicle (EV) charging stations and bicycle parking to plan, ensuring our presence helps push forward Arlington’s
across our facilities and pilot new ideas, including encourage low- carbon transportation for employees and own sustainability ambitions.
world-class facilities that serve our innovations supported by The Climate Pledge Fund, to visitors.
global employees, customers, and transition our buildings to net-zero carbon. In 2021, we unveiled our latest plans for sustainable
communities. We strive to reduce design enhancements at PenPlace , the second phase In Fulfillment Facilities
of our HQ2 development in Virginia. From the start,
the environmental impacts of our sustainability has been a key element of our HQ2 campus Our fulfillment facilities are state-of-the-art
buildings while creating a positive and we warehouses where we process orders for our customers. In
experience for the people who are committed to achieving Leadership in Energy and 2021, we conducted pilot projects at several new fulfillment
Environmental Design (LEED) Platinum certification, the facilities using a low-carbon concrete technology produced
occupy them.
highest sustainability certification for a development by CarbonCure, a company Amazon has invested in through
issued by the U.S. Green Building Council. The Climate Pledge Fund. CarbonCure’s technology enables
Once completed, we aim for PenPlace to achieve the concrete industry to sequester carbon permanently in
a minimum of: fresh concrete, reducing embodied carbon at new
construction sites.
• 1 0 % reduction in the amount of embodied carbon We also launched pilot projects at fulfillment facilities in
compared to typical construction practices, North America to improve our on-site water management.
followed by a commitment to offset 1 0 0 % of This involved retrofitting sites to divert excess water
the remaining embodied carbon. runoff away from stormwater drains and toward ponds
that exist on each facility’s property.
• 5 0 % reduction in water consumption beyond national
standards, using low-flow fixtures and reclaimed In addition, many of our fulfillment facilities throughout
water. the U.S., Europe, and India are powered by on-site solar,
• 3 0 % energy savings below the American Society of where a rooftop installation can power up to 8 0 % of
Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers the
(ASHRAE) baseline, with electrified building systems facility’s energy use. As of 2021, 115 of our global
powered by 100% renewable energy through a fulfillment facilities have rooftop solar installations and we
combination of both on-site solar and local off-site solar continue to scale this program globally.
generation.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 23

In Our Stores Amazon Sustainability Ambassadors of new Amazon employees. In Tennessee, more
than 35 Ambassadors hosted an event at a nearby
Sustainable building design is also important in our physical Sustainability Ambassadors are sustainability- middle school to plant a total of 44 trees that
stores. In early 2022, our Amazon Fresh location in Seattle, minded Amazon employees who work to will help sequester carbon and divert stormwater
Washington, became the world’s first grocery store to amplify global, companywide efforts at the at the school campus. Ambassadors in Singapore
pursue Zero Carbon Certification from the International local level. also led a tree-planting event to support the
Living Future Institute, a leading nonprofit dedicated to Ambassadors lead projects on Amazon campuses Singapore Botanic Gardens.
advancing sustainable building practices. and create virtual engagement opportunities to
inspire fellow employees, both at work and at Ambassadors in our corporate offices are focused
More than a dozen upgrades were incorporated home. The program also serves as a community for on sustainability initiatives that can be done
throughout the development of the store, including sharing best practices among teams in different virtually in any setting. In 2021, 5,600
transitioning to a CO2-based refrigeration system that settings and locations. Ambassadors across the globe participated in the
reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 38 metric tons per Since launching in 2018, the Sustainability Four-Week Sustainability Challenge, picking up litter
year compared to a conventional system. The store also Ambassador program has transformed into a or eating plant-based foods, among other everyday
uses steel byproducts in the concrete floor to reduce collaborative network across 1,250 global actions that help promote a more sustainable
embodied carbon by nearly 4 0 % compared to a standard locations. As of 2021, more than 8,900 Amazon lifestyle. As part of
concrete floor. employees participate in the program—up from the challenge, a group of participants in Europe
Other key features include a fully electric kitchen space 7,500 in 2020. In 2021, we launched new collected more than 2,500 pieces of plastic
that reduces the need for fossil fuel combustion in the chapters in India, Brazil, Australia, Mexico, the waste in just 15 days.
store, electrifying the store using 1 0 0 % renewable United Arab Emirates, and beyond. For the second year in a row, Sustainability
electricity sourced from Amazon’s renewable energy Ambassadors led Amazon’s Sustainability Summit, a
projects, incorporation of low-flow fixtures in virtual educational event available to all
restrooms and kitchens to reduce water use, and free Driving Local Impact, Globally employees to learn more about our corporate
EV charging for customers. As a result of these Ambassadors who work at physical sites, like sustainability programs and partnerships. The
upgrades, we expect fulfillment centers, focus on opportunities to event drew 13,000 registrations across 23 virtual
the store will save nearly 185 tons of CO2 e each year—the engage fellow employees through on-site sessions in 2021 and featured speakers from
equivalent of driving around the Earth 18 times in a initiatives. In 2021, Ambassadors at a facility in Amazon’s sustainability leadership team,
standard passenger vehicle.1 Wisconsin partnered with a local waste vendor to Sustainability Ambassador chapters, and
Our Whole Foods Market stores feature similar sustainability install recycling stations for employees to deposit signatories of The Climate Pledge.
benefits and upgrades. At the end of 2021, 200 EV used electronics. In Italy, an Ambassador The summit also featured our second
charging stations were available in Whole Foods Market spearheaded crowdsourcing challenge for Amazon employees to
parking lots throughout the U.S. Nearly 50 Whole Foods an effort to include sustainability information in present innovative ideas on sustainability, which
Market stores utilized refrigeration systems that rely on new hire orientation programming for received
natural refrigerants with low global warming potentials and thousands 89 submissions.
over 70 Whole Foods Market stores had solar rooftops.

1 Calculation based on CO2e saved, using the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) carbon calculator .
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 24

Decarbonizing Our Approach In 2021, more than 100 million packages were delivered to
our customers’ doorsteps across Europe with a fleet of over
Additionally, we are using micromobility technologies to
transform the way packages are delivered, particularly in
One of the ways we are decarbonizing our transportation 3,000 electric delivery vans and other zero-emission urban settings. In 2021, more than 5 million shipments
network is by deploying technical solutions including vehicles. Additionally, over half a million packages were across 17 European cities and 30 million packages in

Transportatio
zero- emission vehicles and low-carbon fuels. We are delivered to our customers’ doorsteps in North America with Manhattan, New York, were delivered to our customers’
preparing our systems and facilities to accommodate the EVs. More than 100 Amazon delivery stations across North doorsteps using cargo bikes and walkers. Our global bicycle
large- scale adoption of zero-emission vehicles in the America and Europe are equipped for EV usage, and all new fleet includes traditional bicycles and electric bikes

n coming years, which will require new refueling

infrastructure and operating patterns.
delivery stations are designed to meet the needs of our
current and future electric delivery fleets.
connected to cargo trailers that can carry up to 45 packages
at a time. More than 400 cargo bikes are used to make
deliveries for Whole Foods Market and Amazon Fresh to
Delivering for our global customers Achieving our net-zero carbon goal will also demand long- customers in Manhattan and Brooklyn in New York City.
term solutions that have not yet been invented, along with
requires Amazon to rely on a variety an abundant supply of clean energy sources to power
of transportation solutions for long those technologies. Knowing this, we are investing in
and short distances. breakthrough innovations through The Climate Pledge
Fund and forging industry partnerships to accelerate Zero-Emission Transportation in Paris
Decarbonizing our transportation change.
network is a We announced in November 2021 that, in the city of Paris,
key part of meeting The Climate Deploying Solutions Across two-thirds of our shipments are delivered using zero-
Pledge by 2040 and making Our Network emission
transportation. This was achieved through a combination of
5 0 % of Amazon shipments net- Last-Mile Delivery EVs, cargo bikes, and carts for deliveries on foot through our
zero carbon by 2030, which is We use a range of delivery methods to reduce emissions on Delivery Service Partners—all of which contribute to
why last-mile routes to our customers’ doorsteps. These include decarbonizing the last-mile delivery process.
electric delivery vehicles and micromobility technologies
we are actively transforming our that can be used for shorter journeys.
fleet network and operations.
In 2019, we ordered 100,000 custom electric delivery

100M+
Packages delivered
5M+
Shipments delivered
vehicles from Rivian—the largest order ever of electric
delivery vehicles. We rolled out the first of these vehicles
in 2021. We expanded our European electric delivery
across Europe with in Europe using fleet with an order for 1,800 electric vans from
zero-emission micromobility solutions Mercedes-Benz, a signatory of The Climate Pledge. In
vehicles
India, we are adding

30M
Packages delivered in Manhattan, New
10,000 electric vehicles (EVs) to our existing fleet, including
two-wheeler, three-wheeler, and four-wheeler vehicles built
by local manufacturers. We are also piloting electric delivery
York, vehicles in other locations, including Latin America, Asia,
using cargo bikes and walkers and the Middle East.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 25

Middle-Mile and Long- We also purchased sustainable fuel made from waste Additionally, we are driving policies that support the adoption
Distance cooking oil to reduce shipping emissions in ocean shipping. of green technology around the world. In May 2021, we
Transportation This purchase was estimated to have reduced emissions by supported a policy proposal to the Japanese government for
When it comes to transporting goods over longer approximately 20,000 metric tons of CO2 e in 2021, which the adoption of zero-emission vehicles in the delivery
distances, we rely on transportation across roads, rail, air, will be continued in 2022. We continue to advance public industry by the Japan Climate Leaders’ Partnership . The
and water, each of which offers few existing low-carbon policies at the national and multinational levels that will government set a new target of 1 0 0 % electric or fuel cell
solutions that can be immediately deployed at scale. We support the decarbonization of the maritime shipping vehicles in new delivery vehicle sales by 2040. It also
are promoting the use of low-carbon solutions in the near sector. introduced intensive measures to adopt EVs over the next
term while also investing in emerging technologies and decade through the Green Growth Strategy in
collaborating with others to accelerate cross-sector Partnering to Support Solutions of June 2021.
innovation in middle-mile and long-distance transportation the Future
In
forNorth America and Europe, we increased our total rail
the future.
load volume and expanded our Amazon and leased rail We know that moving to more-sustainable transportation “By joining the First Movers Coalition,
assets will require innovative solutions and sustainable fuels we are sending a clear signal that
in 2021. We started deploying battery EV trucks across our that do not yet exist. Through The Climate Pledge Fund companies like Amazon are seeking
heavy commercial trucking fleets and began switching to , long-term,
vehicles that use alternative fuel sources, like compressed we are helping inventors and entrepreneurs move faster low-carbon fuel solutions to help us
natural gas (CNG) trucks. As of 2021, we had ordered with an investment portfolio that includes breakthrough achieve net-zero carbon by 2040. We
more than 3,000 CNG vehicles, and we are procuring transportation technologies, such as those being welcome the Biden administration and
millions of gallons of renewable natural gas created from developed by Rivian, BETA Technologies, Resilient Power, the World Economic Forum’s decision
waste stocks to power them, significantly reducing carbon Amogy, Infinium, and ZeroAvia. to launch the First Movers Coalition,
emissions and particulate matter pollutants. In 2021, we helped launch Cargo Owners for Zero which will help further accelerate our
We are investing in alternative fuels, such as sustainable Emission Vessels (coZEV) with the Aspen Institute. Through efforts to decarbonize our operations
aviation fuel, which reduces carbon emissions in flight up coZEV, Amazon is supporting initiatives to increase the through real business change and
to 2 0 % over standard aviation fuel. Amazon secured availability of zero-emission technologies and fuels while innovation.” Amazon FASTforward
more than 5 million gallons of low-carbon aviation fuel gaining support from shipping lines, cargo owners, ports, and
in 2020 and agreed to purchase up to 6.5 million gallons other organizations that can enable energy transition. We Andy Jassy Amazon works with thousands of external
in 2021 and 2022. We also joined the Sustainable also became a founding private sector member of the First President and CEO, Amazon transportation providers, from individual truck owners
Aviation Buyers Movers Coalition to lead decarbonization of the maritime to multinational logistics service companies. As part of
Alliance in 2021 and became one of the group’s shipping industry. The coalition brings global companies our work to decarbonize our transportation network, we
founding members to drive investment and send market together to harness their purchasing power and supply want to make clean technologies available and
signals in support of sustainable aviation fuel. chains to create early markets for innovative clean energy accessible to all of them. In 2021, we held our first
technologies that are key for tackling the climate crisis. With virtual transportation sustainability summit ,
this launch, we announced our commitment to use ships FASTforward, focused on Future Advanced Sustainable
with zero-emission fuels for at least 1 0 % of the volume of Transportation. The summit brought together industry
our goods shipped internationally by 2030 and 1 0 0 % by leaders, fleet operators and manufacturers, researchers,
2040. and policy experts from Europe to share experiences
and inspire action.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 26

Avoiding and Our Approach

Managing The best way to reduce waste is to avoid creating it in

the first place, through waste-prevention programs and

Waste
optimized inventory management. Reuse is the next
best option, and is achieved by repairing, repurposing,
and donating usable items—all actions we’ve
developed programs to support. We then rely on
Beyond Amazon’s commitment to recycling and composting to enable the recovery of
decarbonize our operations, we raw materials, and as a last resort, we seek to recover
energy from
are working to send less material any waste material that must be sent to landfill.
to landfills and more back into
the circular economy loop. The Reimagining the Product Lifecycle
majority of the waste we produce Through Amazon Second Chance
How to shop pre-owned tablets, video games and consoles, Bluetooth devices, and
comes through our customer Through Amazon Second Chance , we provide customers items: more, in exchange for an Amazon Gift Card. Traded-in
fulfillment operations, from with ways to responsibly retire their products. Customers in Amazon Renewed offers refurbished products such as Amazon devices are processed and resold to new owners,
the U.S., UK, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, electronics, home appliances, and more. All products are and any devices not qualified for resale are recycled
materials that become obsolete in
Sweden, and Japan can access a range of services to professionally inspected and tested to work and look through an Amazon-approved recycler.
our supply chain, or from surplus recycle, repair, or trade in their items, as well as shop for like new and are backed by the Amazon Renewed
inventory, including items that like-new and refurbished products. We also provide Guarantee. For electronic equipment that cannot be repaired or traded
are guidance on the responsible disposal of Amazon Amazon Warehouse gives a second life to products in, customers can recycle their items free of charge
packaging. returned by customers. Each product undergoes a rigorous through Amazon Device Recycling in the U.S. and
overstocked, returned, cosmetically 20-point inspection process before being sold at a through various recycling initiatives in
damaged, or near expiration. discount. Europe. These programs route electronic equipment to
Pre-Owned Amazon Devices provides customers with recycling partners and verify that they are recycled and
access to certified refurbished, like-new Amazon repurposed.
devices that have been screened and tested by
Amazon and are backed with the same limited How to repair items:
warranty as a new device.
Free product support provides customers
How to recycle or trade in with technical assistance for select items, encouraging
products: customers to fix items and maximize their lifespan before
Amazon Trade-In allows customers in the U.S., UK, and replacing or disposing of them. In the U.S., repair support
Germany to trade in thousands of eligible electronics, is also available through iFixit .
such as Amazon devices and select third-party cell
phones,
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 27

Avoiding Waste Through CityServe to anaerobic digestion facilities through an organic waste
Product Donations recycling system called Grind2Energy. The Grind2Energy
CityServe, based in California, is one example system has helped to divert 12,500 tons of food waste at
At our global fulfillment centers, we use software to of a Good360 Community Redistribution Whole Foods Market stores since 2014. As a result, we
identify and sort eligible items that are fit for donation. Partner; it works with a network of local have prevented nearly 9,000 metric tons of CO 2 e from
We partner with local community organizations to collect churches to deliver necessities to thousands entering the atmosphere and produced enough clean,
these items from Amazon facilities and distribute them of individuals and families. renewable energy to power over 2,500 U.S. homes for a
to month.
people in need. By donating surplus inventory to In 2021, our donations enabled CityServe
charitable organizations, we keep usable products out of to provide personal care supplies to more Recycling Solutions Across
the waste stream and help strengthen our local than 20,000 people. CityServe staff and Our Operations
communities.
Many of our product donations are generated through our volunteers assembled “blessing bags” full
Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) donations program, which of items donated by Amazon, including Corrugated board is the most common material that
automates the process for Amazon selling partners to toothpaste, toothbrushes, hand towels, flows through our fulfillment center operations, and we
donate their overstocked or returned items. The service and work with third-party recycling haulers to remove excess
requires no additional action from selling partners, allowing disposable masks. The bags were corrugate from our facilities for off-site recycling. Many
Amazon to easily scale product donations through our distributed to individuals and families of these haulers also supply Amazon with the packaging
existing logistics. without housing. materials that we use for customer shipments,
We distribute the majority of our product donations through converting waste material recovered from Amazon
Good360, a nonprofit that works with a network of operations into new, recycled packaging.
100,000 charity partners in the U.S. Through our by 5 0 % across our U.S. and Europe operations by 2030. 2021. All of our UK grocery stores have a donation
partnership with Good360, Amazon product donations are We became a member of the Food Loss and Waste partner in place that helps deliver surplus food to Not all the materials we use can be easily recycled with
distributed to low- income households, foster families, 2030 Champions through the U.S. Environmental charities current systems, so we look for innovative solutions to
individuals with special needs or disabilities, seniors, Protection around London. Similarly, all of our U.S. grocery stores recycle these challenging materials. One example is plastic
veterans, immigrants, and more. In Europe, we partner Agency in 2020, and extended our commitment to have a donation partner. film, which is not commonly accepted through municipal
directly with more than 100 charities and local reducing food waste to our Europe operations in 2021. To For food that can’t be donated, we turn to processes recycling programs. We have on-site plastic film recycling
organizations to distribute product donations. achieve this, we are optimizing our food inventory that avoid landfills, such as composting and systems at many Amazon operations facilities across North
Since 2019, Amazon has contributed more than 100 million management systems to minimize waste from the outset anaerobic America and Europe, enabling us to convert plastic film
products to our global charity partners in North America, and prioritizing ways to avoid landfills. digestion. In 2021, we diverted 27,000 tons of food into bags made of 1 0 0 % recycled material.
Europe, Australia, and Japan. We are continuing to expand Wherever possible, we donate surplus food to individuals through composting and anaerobic digestion across our
our product donations program globally by adding new and families who need it most through community worldwide operations. All Amazon Fresh stores operating in We continue to explore alternative solutions for other
locations in the Middle East, North Africa, and South redistribution programs. In 2021, we donated 85 million the U.S. have composting programs for food that cannot materials that are challenging to recycle. In 2021, we
America. pounds of food—equivalent to more than 70 million meals be donated, and we are expanding our on-site composting completed a pilot to recycle and repair damaged bags used
—through Feeding America in the U.S. Feeding America is a capabilities across our facilities. to sort and stow items in our fulfillment operations into
Redirecting Food Waste network At our Whole Foods Market stores, we have active reusable materials. Additionally, we work with our shipping
of food banks, pantries, soup kitchens, shelters, and other composting programs at nearly 470 locations and label suppliers in several European locations to recycle the
As an online food retailer and an operator of physical community-based agencies that helps Amazon maximize collectively diverted more than 155,000 tons of food waste silicone backing paper from shipping labels to make new
grocery stores, Amazon is committed to reducing our food the impact of our food donations. In Europe, we donated by the ones.
waste more than 4,000 tons of food—equivalent to 10 million end of 2021. Another 2,775 tons of food waste were sent
meals—in
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 28

Improving Our Approach

Our Amazon customers want right-sized, recyclable packaging

that minimizes waste and ensures damage-free delivery.

Packaging
We work to reinvent and simplify our sustainable
packaging options using a science-based approach that
combines
lab testing, machine learning, materials science, and
Packaging plays a critical role in manufacturing partnerships to scale sustainable change
the customer delivery experience, across the packaging supply chain.

and Amazon is committed to Eliminating Packaging Where Possible

delivering products safely and
sustainably. Since 2015, we have Frustration-Free Packaging (FFP) is Amazon’s
flagship program designed to reinvent the packaging Partnering for Better Packaging Cold Groceries, Delivered
invested in materials, processes,
experience. FFP products offer more-sustainable More Sustainably
and technologies that have reduced packaging that is easy to open, fully recyclable, and Some products are more difficult to ship than others.
per-shipment packaging weight capable of shipping Stemware, for example, is fragile and frequently arrives In 2021, U.S. grocery teams launched new curbside-
without additional packaging protection. In 2021, we
by 3 8 % and eliminated over with multiple layers of padding to prevent damage. recyclable packaging to replace nonrecyclable insulation
began offering incentives to vendors that convert their This additional material can make for a frustrating that protects chilled items in grocery deliveries. This
1.5 million tons of packaging. packaging to FFP to encourage more vendors to adopt customer experience and doesn’t always protect the has eliminated the annual need for 1,500 tons of
these best-in- class standards. We also offer additional product. natural cotton fiber and 7,500 tons of nonrecyclable
incentives when those changes include reductions in total mixed plastic that was previously required to safely
cubic volume. To demonstrate that e-commerce packaging can be deliver chilled or frozen groceries from Amazon Fresh
This generates less packaging waste for customers both minimal and effective, we facilitated a and Whole Foods Market.
and enables more packages per delivery vehicle. By complete redesign of stemware packaging for
the end of 2021, more than 2 million products Lenox, a well- known brand that has specialized in It is particularly challenging to design new solutions
qualified under our FFP programs. tableware and glassware for over 130 years. that maintain adequate insulation properties to keep
products chilled. Our innovative packaging uses
This novel packaging design includes changing product layers of tissue to provide both durability and
orientation to optimize for space. It also includes a insulation without sacrificing recyclability.
protective corrugate insert, replacing the need for
bubble wrap, further reducing plastic waste and Customers were with us for every step of this
improving the customer experience. The result is a fully journey.
recyclable package that uses 8 3 % less material weight
and 7 8 % less volume without compromising Learn more about how we tested this packaging in
protection of the item inside. several U.S. cities and incorporated improvements int
o the design based on customer feedback .
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 29

Optimizing Materials Where In Europe, we switched from single-use plastic delivery when smaller products are suitable for flexible Algorithm Packaging Efficiencies
Packaging Is Necessary bags to recyclable paper delivery bags and cardboard packaging, such as padded mailers and bags, which are
envelopes for orders shipped from fulfillment centers in up to 7 5 % lighter than similar-sized boxes. Over the
When additional Amazon packaging is required to ship a 2021. We also removed a wide range of single-use plastic past five years, these algorithms have allowed us to
Size with old algorithm
product, we strive to optimize that packaging for increased products from our European stores. In Australia, we reduce the use of corrugated boxes by over 35%. 2,133 inch3
recyclability along with reduced waste and carbon. We are replaced all single-use air pillows with 1 0 0 % recyclable
transitioning to materials that are compatible with local paper material to protect goods during shipping. Amazon In 2021, we deployed data-science algorithms to
paper and plastic recycling streams where we operate. We also became a founding member of the India Plastics Pact optimize the number and size of boxes used for 12
also support initiatives to expand the availability of after removing single-use, thin film plastics from Amazon geographies around the world. These algorithms—which
curbside packaging throughout India fulfillment centers in 2020. help our fulfillment centers maintain the right mix of box
recycling infrastructure to the public through investments in sizes— now cover 6 5 % of global box shipments, with
The Recycling Partnership and the Closed Loop Infrastructure plans to scale to 9 7 % in 2022.
Fund.
In the U.S., we expanded the use of our recyclable paper Using Technology to Optimize
padded mailer, replacing nearly 7 0 % of our mixed material Packaging Type and Fit We also introduced advanced fitting algorithms designed
bubble mailers in 2021. We also improved the composition to reduce packaging specifically for shipments with
of our single-use plastic packaging to use less material and We use a range of boxes and mailers across our fulfillment multiple items. These new algorithms calculate the
incorporate more recycled content. In 2021, we increased network, and for every shipment that requires packaging, possible arrangements of products for best fit in a three-
the recycled content of our plastic film bags from 2 5 % to we use science-based systems to determine optimal dimensional virtual package. Since launch, this technology
5 0 % and that of our plastic padded bags from 1 5 % to packaging sizes and types. This starts with using machine has downgraded the size or type of packaging for 7 % of
over 40%. learning total shipments and we plan to deploy it globally in
Through these collective efforts, we avoided over 30,000 to identify products that can be delivered safely with 2022.
tons of plastic across North America in 2021. less material. Machine learning algorithms help us
determine
Size with new algorithm
34.7%
External
Our Fulfillment Packaging Breakdown in 2021 1,393 inch3
cube
Lower reduction
Waste
Corrugated Flexibles Shipment Zero Packaging
43% of shipments 49% of shipments 8 % of shipments

Boxes Padded Flexible Paperboard Unpadded Recyclable Paper No Amazon

Mailer Envelopes Bags Padded Mailer Packaging
Mailers
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 30

Product Making Sustainable Shopping Simpler Additionally, in 2021, we launched 17 features and
experiments to increase the discoverability of Climate
by 1,650 organizations since launching in July 2021.
Guided Buying steers business customers to Climate

Sustainability As people change the way they shop and search for
products that align with their values, Amazon is
empowering our customers to make more informed
Pledge Friendly products. This included a new Guided
Buying tool
for Amazon Business Prime customers, designed to spotlight
Pledge Friendly products as the preferred procurement
option by their organizations.

shopping decisions Climate Pledge Friendly products. The tool has been
As part of our mission to be Earth’s every day. adopted
most customer-centric company,
we are giving customers access to Our Approach
Everyday Essentials, Consciously Created home, beauty, and other categories—all with product-
products that are more Through the Climate Pledge Friendly With Amazon Aware specific certifications, such as Global Recycled Standard for
sustainable. This includes both our program, we are helping customers in the U.S. and Europe recycled polyester content in apparel items.
Amazon- branded products and discover and shop for more-sustainable products. To In early 2022, Amazon launched Amazon Aware,
identify these products, we partner with a wide range of a new line of everyday essential items with third- Bedding and bath products use certified organic cotton
the third- party items we offer trusted and transparent external certifications . Qualifying party certifications featured in our Climate and are certified by MADE IN GREEN by OEKO-TEX,
that feature sustainability products are labeled Pledge Friendly program. which verifies that products are tested for harmful
certifications through in shopping results and have additional substances and made in safer workplaces with reduced
sustainability information on their product pages. Amazon Aware helps customers in the U.S., Canada, environmental
our Climate Pledge Friendly
We also developed our own certification, Compact by and Europe to shop for products made from materials impacts. Household cleaners are made with U.S.
program. Design , to identify products that have a more efficient such as recycled polyester, organic cotton, and bio- Department of Agriculture-certified, bio-based cleaning
design. By eliminating excess air, water, and packaging, based ingredients. The line features products across formulas.
Learn more about the launch of Amazon Aware .
products require less packaging and become more apparel,
efficient to ship. At scale, these small differences in
product size and weight lead to significant carbon-
emission reductions.

Our Journey
Since we launched Climate Pledge Friendly in 2020, the

250K+
Climate Pledge
36
Participating external
number of products included in the program has grown
from 75,000 to more than 250,000 by the end of 2021.
Search rates for these products have also increased
Friendly products certifications significantly during the same time frame. In 2021, more
than 370 million Climate Pledge Friendly units were

370M+
Climate Pledge Friendly units shipped to
shipped to Amazon customers and we welcomed 20 new
third-party sustainability certifications to the program. See a
full list of Climate Pledge Friendly certifications on
Amazon Amazon.com .
customers in 2021
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 31

Empowering Sustainable Businesses Hear From Climate Pledge

Friendly Certification Partners
In addition to helping shoppers find more-sustainable
products, Climate Pledge Friendly is encouraging more brands Carbon neutral by ClimatePartner verifies that the carbon footprint of a product is
and selling partners to join the program and grow our impact. continuously calculated and reduced, with any remaining emissions offset. The
Carbon neutral label has been on the market for more than a decade and is
“We’re encouraged by Amazon’s Climate Pledge recognized as a trustworthy certification by independent and governmental
Friendly program, its recognition that institutions.
consumers want to take an active role in
helping our planet, and its commitment to “People want to shop more consciously and Amazon is making
making it easier to shop for sustainable that easier. ClimatePartner is proud to be part of this
options, such as our Nestlé Toll House important
morsels.” journey, providing transparency and credibility with its verification
of climate neutrality.”
Steve Presley
U.S. Market Head and CEO, Nestlé USA Tristan Foerster
CEO and Co-Founder, ClimatePartner

EWG VERIFIED products are reviewed to ensure they are free from
Environmental Working Group (EWG)’s known chemicals of concern and adhere to
strict health standards. For almost 30 years, EWG has tracked chemical safety and
warned consumers about companies that use hazardous chemicals in items such as
cosmetics and other personal care products.

“We are delighted that Amazon has selected EWG VERIFIED to

include in its effort to feature more-sustainable products as a
way to protect our climate. When Amazon shoppers see the
Climate Pledge Friendly label on a product that has earned the
EWG VERIFIED mark, they’ll know that it is also one of the
products identified as more sustainable on Amazon, in addition
to meeting our industry-leading benchmarks for health.”

Ken Cook
President, EWG
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 32

Sourcing Sustainable Materials The following set of sustainability commitments guide All 365 by Whole Foods Market brand chocolate bars, Leather
Amazon Private Brands and Whole Foods Market chocolate chips, and baking chocolate are certified by Fair
In addition to offering more-sustainable choices, we want our decisions for sourcing materials and ingredients: Trade USA, and in 2021, we transitioned all tea under the We are striving to source all leather for our Amazon
Amazon Private Brands to support responsible supply chains same brand to be certified by either Fair Trade USA or Private Brands apparel and shoe products from more-
and contribute to growing circular economies. From groceries Rainforest Alliance. In addition, all 365 by Whole Foods sustainable sources by the end of 2023. To achieve this,
and cleaning supplies to fashion and devices, we carefully Animal Welfare Market packaged coffee is responsibly sourced and certified we will source from tanneries that meet the Leather
consider the materials and lifecycle impacts across our according to an approved third-party certification, including Working Group’s bronze level award or higher.
product categories by asking: How can these products be As retailers of animal-derived products, we recognize our Rainforest Alliance, Fair Trade USA, or Fairtrade International.
better? responsibility to uphold animal welfare within our supply Whole Foods Market is also a member of Conservation
chain. We expect our suppliers to uphold the Five International’s Sustainable Coffee Challenge, a collaborative
Our Approach Freedoms framework for animal welfare, which mandates effort of companies, governments, NGOs, research
freedom from hunger and thirst; freedom from institutions, and others to transition the coffee sector to be
We are working to enhance the certification and discomfort; freedom from pain, injury, or disease; freedom more sustainable.
traceability of key raw materials and ingredients in our to express normal behavior; and freedom from fear and
consumable products. We also participate in industry distress. We expect our suppliers to comply with all Cotton
partnerships and working groups that drive greater applicable laws and to take a zero-tolerance approach to
adoption of sustainable and responsible practices. animal cruelty, abuse, and neglect. We encourage suppliers We are striving to source all cotton for our Amazon Private
Additionally, we are increasing the amount of recycled to continuously improve their animal welfare standards Brands apparel products from more-sustainable sources by
fiber used in many of our Amazon Private Brands apparel and practices, and to work toward recognized animal the end of 2022. This includes using cotton sourced from
products. welfare certifications or industry guidelines that include recycled materials, from farms certified as producing
welfare provisions. For information about animal welfare organic cotton, or through Better Cotton , a global
at Whole Foods Market, see our nonprofit that aims to transform the cotton supply chain
Meat Department Quality Standards . by developing Better Cotton as a sustainable mainstream
commodity.
Cocoa, Coffee, and Tea
Eggs
Amazon is committed to sourcing cocoa, coffee, and tea
that is certified against sustainability standards by Rainforest Amazon is committed to sourcing cage-free eggs in our
Alliance or Fairtrade International for our grocery Amazon grocery Private Brands whole shell egg products in North
Private Brands2 selection in Europe. For cocoa products in America and Europe. At Whole Foods Market, all shell and
Europe, other independently verified third-party schemes liquid eggs sold in our dairy cases and used in our kitchens Amazon Private Brands consist of products across several
(such as Cocoa Horizons) may also be used, subject to and bakeries in the U.S. go beyond cage-free and are audited category types, including apparel, grocery, home, electronics,
review to one of four production systems to meet Whole Foods and more. Explore our Private Brands on Amazon.com .
and approval. Most of our Private Brands ground, whole Market’s Animal Welfare Standards for Laying Hens . At
bean, and pods coffee products in North America are also Whole Foods Market in Canada, all eggs come from cage-
certified by Rainforest Alliance, Fairtrade International, or free hens.
2 As used here, Amazon’s grocery Private Brands include brands under our
Fair Trade USA, and we expect the remaining selection to
Fresh, Kitchen, and Consumables businesses. Whole Foods Market refers to
Whole Foods Market in the U.S., except where stated otherwise. transition
in 2022.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 33

Man-Made Cellulosic Fibers Pork

We are striving to source all man-made cellulosic fibers— In addition to complying with the European restrictions on
including rayon, viscose, lyocell, and modal—for our Amazon the use of gestation crates, Amazon is committed to
Private Brands apparel products from more-sustainable sourcing
sources by the end of 2022. We use the nonprofit Canopy’s gestation crate-free pork by 2025 in our grocery Private
tools and reports to help avoid fibers sourced from Brands fresh pork products in North America. At Whole Foods
endangered forests, endangered species’ habitats, or Market, all pork sold in the Meat Department is also crate-
other controversial sources. free and certified by the Global Animal Partnership—a
nonprofit alliance of producers, retailers, animal advocates,
and scientists that certifies producers’ animal welfare
Palm Oil practices to more than 100 animal welfare standards. See
Whole Foods Market’s Meat Department Quality Standards
Amazon uses palm oil certified against sustainability for more information.
standards in our Private Brands food and nonfood products Recycled
in North America and Europe. In a small number of cases, Fabrics
palm oil credits may be used to cover small volumes and We are increasing the use of recycled fabrics in Amazon
complex derivatives. We revisit these cases annually with Private Brands apparel products, including moving from
applicable suppliers and agree on plans to transition to conventional to recycled polyester, and launching products
physically certified palm oil where possible. In addition, made from innovative recycled fibers.
1 0 0 % of 365 by Whole Foods Market brand food items
containing palm oil, palm kernel oil, palm fruit oil, and palm or higher. For single-ingredient farmed seafood, Amazon Learn more about our Restricted Substance List , which
shortening are produced using sustainable oil products . Seafood grocery Private Brands products must be certified by the provides an extensive list of chemicals we seek to avoid in
Aquaculture Stewardship Council, certified organic by EU Amazon Private Brands baby, household cleaning,
Amazon is committed to sourcing seafood that is certified organic, Naturland, or other approved schemes, or certified personal care, and beauty products, and applies to all
Paper or rated against sustainability standards for our grocery 2 stars or higher by the Global Aquaculture Alliance’s Best suppliers of these product categories in the U.S. and
Private Brands selection in North America and Europe, as Aquaculture Practices. All Whole Foods Market farm-raised Europe.
In North America and Europe, Amazon grocery Private well as throughout Whole Foods Market’s Seafood fresh or frozen seafood meets our Responsibly Farmed Our Food Contact Materials Restricted Substance
Brands are committed to sourcing paper products such Department. standards, is traceable to the source, and requires third- List outlines the chemicals of concern and
as paper towels, toilet paper, and facial tissue that are For wild-caught seafood under these selections, single- party verification of water quality and dozens of other nonrecyclable materials we prohibit in Amazon
certified against sustainability standards or as recycled ingredient fresh, frozen, and canned products must be quality standards. See Whole Foods Market’s Seafood Depa Kitchen food contact packaging.
by sourced from fisheries that are certified against rtment Quality Standards for more information.
organizations such as the Forest Stewardship Council sustainability criteria by the Marine Stewardship Council In addition, every food product sold by Whole Foods
(FSC), Sustainable Forestry Initiative, and Programme for Standard or rated “Green” or “Yellow” by Monterey Bay Market must meet rigorous quality standards , which
the Endorsement of Forest Certification. In addition, all Aquarium Seafood Watch program. Amazon’s grocery prohibit more than 230 preservatives, flavors, colors,
365 by Whole Foods Market paper products are either Private Brands wild- caught seafood products may also be sweeteners, and other ingredients. Whole Foods
made from 1 0 0 % recycled materials or certified by FSC. part of a credible fishery improvement program with a Market also has standards for all household cleaning
progress rating of C ,
beauty, and body care .
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 34

Designing Our Devices and Packaging Reliability Alexa

Services for Sustainability
In 2020, we committed to making Amazon device We design our devices with best-in-class reliability models so We are making it easier for customers to understand their
Amazon devices and services are a part of everyday life packaging 1 0 0 % recyclable by 2023. Additionally, we are that they are more resilient, last longer, and don’t need to be home energy use with the Alexa energy dashboard ,
for millions of customers around the world. They inform, working replaced as often. We also release over-the-air software available in the U.S. The dashboard works with
entertain, and connect our customers, and we are to source 1 0 0 % of the wood fiber in our packaging from updates for our customers’ devices with feature and security compatible smart lights, plugs, switches, water heaters,
working hard to make our devices more sustainable. responsibly managed forests or recycled sources. We have updates. thermostats, televisions, and Echo devices, allowing
That includes made significant progress toward our goals, eliminating customers to easily estimate the energy used by these
helping customers reduce their impact on the more than 29 million plastic bags from our device packaging Suppliers devices. Customers
environment through our products and services. between September 2020 and September 2021. For new can also enable Alexa to help them conserve energy with
Echo, Fire TV Stick, Fire Tablet, and Kindle Paperwhite We work with our suppliers to encourage sustainability as a Hunches. For example, if Alexa has a Hunch that a customer
Our Approach devices launched in 2021, 9 4 % – 9 8 % of the packaging is top priority. In 2021, we launched our Zero Waste to Landfill is away and forgot to turn off a light, Alexa can
made program for suppliers. Ten of our supplier sites responsible for automatically turn it off, helping customers save energy
We design our devices to be more sustainable by of wood fiber-based materials from responsibly the final assembly of some of our most popular Echo, and reduce
measuring and reducing carbon emissions at all stages of managed forests or recycled sources, depending on the Kindle, and Fire TV devices achieved UL’s Zero Waste to carbon emissions.
the product lifecycle, from how the devices are made to product. Energy Landfill Silver or Platinum certification—a significant step Extending Our Impact
how they are used and ultimately disposed of. We extend toward achieving our zero-waste ambitions. This
our impact In 2020, Amazon became the first consumer electronics certification indicates that waste has been handled in To drive change beyond our business, we look for ways to
by delivering products and experiences to help company to commit to addressing the electricity used by environmentally responsible ways, diverting more than 9 0 % share learnings and innovations that have shaped the way
customers manage their own environmental impact. our devices through renewable energy development, of a facility’s waste from landfill through methods other than we design our products. This allows others to leverage
starting with our Echo devices. We are also making waste to energy. our expertise and make more-sustainable products for
Materials and Chemicals investments their own customers. In early 2022, we published a
in additional wind and solar farm capacity that, by 2025, Climate Pledge Friendly paper called
We incorporate recycled materials into many new will be equal to the energy use of Fire TV and Ring devices Decarbonizing and Neutralizing the Use Phase of
Amazon devices. In 2021, we launched several Echo, Fire worldwide. Combined, we expect these projects will We partner with trusted and transparent external Connected Devices , focused on how we are integrating
TV, Fire Tablet, Kindle, and Smart Home devices and produce over 5 million megawatt-hours of clean energy certifications to validate the sustainability of our products carbon- reduction strategies across the use phase of our
accessories that include up to 6 0 % recycled molded per year— that’s enough to power more than 400,000 and clearly communicate this to customers with the devices.
plastic, up to 1 0 0 % recycled fabrics, up to 1 0 0 % homes.
To accompany our investments in renewable energy, we also Climate Pledge Friendly label. In 2020 and 2021, our Echo, These strategies account for an estimated 1 0 % – 1 5 % of the
recycled aluminum, and up to 7 0 % recycled magnesium, continue to make our devices more energy efficient. We Fire TV, Fire Tablet, Kindle Paperwhite, and Smart Home overall carbon footprint of rechargeable battery-operated
depending on the product. We also incorporated 5 0 % have been rolling out Low Power Mode to new devices, as devices and accessories launched with the Climate Pledge devices and an estimated 6 0 % – 8 0 % of the footprint of
recycled plastic into certain power adapters that ship well as to older devices already in customers’ homes. By the Friendly plugged-in devices. At Amazon, we recognize that we
with our devices. end of 2021, over 5 0 % of all Echo and Fire TV devices in label. Many of these products carry the Carbon Trust’s cannot solve this challenge alone, and we are eager to
To advance the move to safer chemistry, we joined ChemF customers’ homes had Low Power Mode. We also launched Reducing CO 2 certification, demonstrating a reduction invite other consumer electronics companies and
ORWARD as a co-design partner. Through this a number of new Fire Tablet, Fire TV, and Amazon Smart in the carbon emissions of a product year over year. connected device manufacturers to join the mission of
partnership, we are collaborating with industry peers to Home devices in 2021 that were designed for energy The driving to a net-zero carbon use phase.
proactively identify harmful chemicals and safer efficiency and earned the ENERGY STAR certification. Amazon Smart Thermostat is the first Amazon device to be
alternatives ahead of regulations. ECOLOGO Silver certified—a certification that
demonstrates products meet standards that can reduce
the environmental impact of one or more stages of the
product lifecycle.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 35

Sustainability Our Approach AWS also continually innovates on cooling efficiency. For
example, we worked with our vendors to optimize the
delivered six projects constructed with recycled steel in
2021 and will expand this to all future U.S. and European

in the Cloud We focus on efficiency across all aspects of our

infrastructure, from the design of our data centers and
hardware to modeling the performance of our operations
longevity and airflow performance of the cooling medium
used in our data center cooling systems. The new medium
provides twice the service life and allows air to pass
data centers moving forward.

Concrete also contributes a large share of embodied carbon

for continuous enhanced efficiency. We are on a path to through more easily than previous iterations, saving fan in data center construction, and AWS has multiple initiatives
AWS is the world’s most power our operations with 1 0 0 % renewable energy by energy. This has significant impacts on building energy to reduce the carbon impact of the concrete required. For
comprehensive and broadly 2025. These renewable energy investments help power our performance, reducing the energy use of cooling example, our design standards now require concrete with a
adopted cloud offering, with data centers, as part of our commitment to reach net-zero equipment by 20%. 2 0 % reduction in embodied carbon versus standard
carbon across our operations by 2040. concrete for new U.S. data centers, and we are expanding
millions of global users depending Predicting and Tracking Performance this requirement globally.
on it every day. To build a For AWS, operating sustainably also means reducing the We use advanced modeling methods, such as
sustainable business for our amount of water we use to cool our data centers. Our computational fluid dynamics tools, to optimize our data
holistic approach minimizes both energy and water center design.
customers and for the world we all consumption in our operations and guides the development This allows us to fully understand how the data center
share, we are designing data centers of our water use strategy for each AWS Region where we will perform before it is ever built, enabling us to
that provide the efficient, resilient operate. optimize for higher reliability and energy efficiency in
In addition, we work to reduce the carbon emitted during
service our customers expect while our systems. Once our data centers are operational, real-
the extraction, manufacturing, and transportation of time, physics-
minimizing our environmental materials based models allow us to further improve and optimize
footprint—and theirs. to data center construction sites. Reducing this our
embodied carbon offers a significant opportunity to cut designs. We build these custom models using AWS
our overall emissions from data centers. services and weather datasets from the Amazon
Sustainability Data Initiative to predict system
Energy Efficiency performance for our sites and track their performance
Reducing
against Embodied
how they should Carbon
We are using innovation to improve power efficiency in be operating.
multiple ways, including our investment in AWS-designed In addition to emissions from our energy usage, AWS
chips and the AWS Nitro System. For instance, AWS- addresses a wide range of indirect emissions—including
designed Graviton3 is our most power-efficient general- those associated with the construction of our data centers.
purpose processor. Graviton3-based Elastic Compute Steel is one of the largest contributors of embodied carbon
Cloud in the structure of AWS data centers and we are lowering

3.6x
AWS is 3.6 times more
5x
AWS is up to five times
(EC2) instances use up to 6 0 % less energy for the same
performance than non-Graviton EC2 instances. With the
world’s increasing need for computing and as machine
these emissions by working with mills using electric arc
furnace production processes. Unlike conventional steel
produced from primary materials, coal, and gas, our
energy efficient than the more energy efficient learning has become mainstream, continually innovating suppliers are using up to 1 0 0 % recycled content and are
median of U.S. than the average data at the chip level will be critical to sustainably powering powered by electricity only, reducing embodied carbon up
enterprise data centers center surveyed in the workloads of the future. to 70%. We
surveyed Europe
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 36

Moving to AWS Can Help Significantly Lower Carbon AWS Customer Carbon Footprint Tool In addition, historical carbon emissions data is
available based on a customer’s AWS use from
Studies by 451 Research , part of S&P Global Market Intelligence, have shown that AWS’ As AWS continues to invest in sustainability across January 2020 onward. This data includes Scope 1
infrastructure is more efficient than on-premises data centers. AWS is 3.6 times more our infrastructure, many of our customers have and Scope 2 emissions. Scope 1 emissions come
energy efficient than the median of U.S. enterprise data centers surveyed and up to five asked us to help measure the carbon footprint of directly from a company’s operations, while Scope 2
times more energy efficient than the average in Europe. A similar study that surveyed their AWS workloads—both to understand how emissions come from the generation of purchased
organizations in Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Australia, and India found that, on moving to AWS reduces their carbon footprint and energy, such as the electricity used to power Amazon
average, moving to the cloud was up to five times more energy efficient than using their to report their overall footprint. facilities.
on-premises data centers. The customer carbon footprint tool uses carbon data
Our new customer carbon footprint tool that meets the widely adopted international standard of
After analyzing several regions, 451 Research also found that AWS can lower customers’ uses simple visualizations to show customers their the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, which supplies the world’s
workload carbon footprints by nearly 8 0 % compared to surveyed enterprise data historical carbon emissions, evaluate related trends most widely used greenhouse gas accounting standards.
centers, and up to 9 6 % once AWS is powered with 1 0 0 % renewable energy—a target as their use of AWS evolves, estimate emissions When signed into the AWS Billing console, customers can
we are on path to meet by 2025. avoided by using AWS instead of an on-premises data view their carbon emissions data by geographical
center, and review forecasted emissions based on location and by AWS service, such as EC2 and Amazon
their current usage. Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). They can also
The forecast shows how customers’ footprints will measure changes in their carbon footprint over time, as
change as Amazon stays on path to powering our they deploy new resources in the cloud.
operations with 1 0 0 % renewable energy by 2025, five
years earlier than the original target of 2030, and drives
toward net-zero carbon by 2040.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 37

Water Stewardship in Data Community Water Programs São Paulo, Brazil. These completed projects have restored
Centers Water is a key resource we share with those who live 365 hectares of land and increased water supply
Amazon knows water is a precious resource. Our holistic where we operate, so we look for opportunities to return availability by 45 million gallons per year.
approach minimizes both energy and water consumption water
in our data center operations and guides our water use to these communities. For example, we partnered with Through partnerships with Water.org and WaterAid in India
strategy for each AWS Region. This starts with evaluating the City of Umatilla and the West Extension Irrigation and Indonesia, we initially intended to provide clean water to
climate patterns, local water management and District to deliver water to farmers in Oregon. Instead of 165,000 people. By the time these partnerships concluded in
availability, and opportunities to avoid using potable going early 2022, we surpassed our goal and provided clean water
water sources whenever possible. We are committed to to a wastewater treatment plant, our clean cooling water and sanitation to over 250,000 community members. In
conserving and goes into a canal that delivers the water to farmers for 2022, we began supporting a new set of projects, which
reusing water, both in our on-site operations and by use in irrigation. With this project, we reuse up to 9 6 % include wetland creation in the Thames River Basin in
working with private and public entities to support water of 2021,
In the we funded watershed restoration efforts by England and water quality projects in the Chesapeake Bay
availability in communities where we operate data centers. The Nature Conservancy
wastewater we discharge in Cape
from ourTown,
data South
centersAfrica,
in this watershed in
region.
and the U.S.
Evaporative Cooling Recycled Water
Our preferred cooling strategy for data centers uses We evaluate the opportunity to reduce our
evaporative technologies. We analyze the weather in each consumption of potable water and are actively
region and monitor our cooling system, which is designed expanding our use of nonpotable and recycled water
to maximize environmental cooling and minimize water for cooling purposes. In
use. During the hottest months of the year, we have certain regions, we work directly with utilities and
optimized systems to minimize water usage. Outside air is regulators
cooled through an evaporative process and pushed into to obtain approval for the use of recycled water in direct
the server rooms to keep hardware at stable operating evaporative cooling technology. We are continuing to work
temperatures. With this design, even our largest data with water utilities in various regions to expand this
centers at full capacity would use, on average, about the recycled water infrastructure. Through these actions, we
same water in are actively contributing to sustainable water solutions by
a year as only 25 U.S. households. During cooler months, reducing
where possible, outside air is supplied directly to the our impact on the local potable water supply for
data center without needing to be cooled. the communities
On-Site Waterwhere we operate.
Treatment
We are constantly innovating the design of our cooling We use on-site, modular water-treatment systems in
systems to further reduce water usage. We are installing multiple regions, which allow us to remove scale-forming
sensors that provide real-time water-use data to minerals and reuse water for more cycles. Increasing our
operators and sustainability teams. By analyzing this data, “cycles of concentration” contributes to reducing the
we can identify opportunities to reduce water usage and water intake needed to cool our data centers.
rapidly make operational changes.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 38

Amazon Sustainability Data Initiative Weather data in particular can help shippers optimize their
routes. Traditionally, these and other climate‐related datasets
The Amazon Sustainability Data Initiative (ASDI) helps have resided around the world in large files and complex
researchers, scientists, and innovators around the world systems, making them hard to access without the aid of
advance their work on sustainability-related research. The specialized computers. To solve this, nauticAi is leveraging
program provides publicly available, free access to weather forecast data through ASDI from NOAA and the
important scientific data that can otherwise be hard for Finnish Meteorological Institute. nauticAi’s technology also
researchers to access or analyze. uses machine learning and artificial intelligence tools on
AWS to further improve maritime operations.
Solcast In Zanzibar, Tanzania, government officials and the State
Our Approach Solcast is an Australian company that builds forecasts for University of Zanzibar are using the Digital Earth Africa
solar industry customers using cloud cover, solar radiation, platform to monitor how coastal erosion, rising sea
ASDI works with scientific organizations around the and photovoltaic (PV) power data. The forecasts help solar levels, and deforestation are contributing to the
world to identify important datasets, which are then producers predict the amount of solar irradiance and the degradation of mangrove trees on the island. The data
hosted for free by the AWS Open Data Sponsorship amount of solar PV energy that their farms may receive. hosted on AWS, which local officials previously had no
Program. The Solcast’s forecasts rely on large datasets from a global way to access,
program currently hosts petabytes of data including fleet of weather satellites, including Geostationary has helped leaders understand the need to restore their
weather observations, ocean temperatures, climate Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) data from the mangroves and led to an effort to plant 1,000 mangrove
projection data, and satellite imagery. U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Our approach allows sustainability experts to analyze (NOAA), which Solcast accesses through ASDI. seeds per week .
massive amounts of data in minutes, regardless of Qhub
where they are in the world or how much local storage The data helps solar customers orchestrate renewable The Earth Science Information Partners Lab, a scientific
space or computing capacity they can access. energy generation across electrical grids, visualize the nonprofit, is working with ASDI to extend cloud credits to
impact of thousands of PV systems, and optimize utility- support the deployment of Qhub, a development space on
scale batteries and solar farms. In addition, the data helps the AWS Cloud that gives more than 90 scientists across
Innovating for Sustainability identify the best locations for solar farms, enabling four
in the Cloud governments around the world to plan their transition U.S. government agencies an area to share and analyze
toward a 1 0 0 % renewable energy future. Learn more on data.
This new space enables the U.S. federal government and
From university researchers to local governments and the AWS blog . the scientists to collaborate in ways that were previously
federal agencies to private startups, organizations leverage nauticAi difficult due to the lack of a shared computing
ASDI to help address major sustainability challenges. ASDI Digital Earth Africa nauticAi is a maritime startup company from Finland that infrastructure. The effort has helped accelerate research on
encourages this by providing cloud grants to those Digital Earth Africa is a nonprofit working with African offers ocean freight shipping companies a real-time cloud everything from flooding to illegal mining while helping the
interested in exploring the use of AWS’ technology. Here are nations to provide local leaders with information to plan for platform to help them operate their fleets more efficiently. scientists learn the benefits of collaborative data and
some examples of how ASDI is helping drive sustainability impacts related to climate change, like flooding, droughts, The technology analyzes a variety of data, including computing.
innovations: and erosion. Through a collaboration with ASDI, Digital weather forecasts, engine performance, humidity, and
Earth Africa is using satellite imagery hosted on AWS to motion, which operators can use to improve ships’
create a platform that helps monitor environmental performance and help vessels avoid damaging storms.
conditions in the African continent.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 39

In This Section
Human Rights

Employee Benefits

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Employee Engagement

Safety, Health, and Well-Being

Supply Chain

Society Communities

Contributing to a
More Equitable
Society
We depend on the people who
support our entire value chain and
are committed to ensuring they are
treated with dignity and respect each
and every day. We know we have
more to do, and we are committed
to continuously widening our lens to
better understand the potential human
rights impacts of our business.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 40

Leadership Principle Black Business Accelerator Leadership Principle

In 2021, we launched the
Success and Black Business Accelerator, Strive to be
Scale Bring a Earth’s Best
Broad $150 million initiative to help Employer
Responsibility build sustainable equity and
growth for Black‑owned
businesses.

Starting Wages
We offer an average
starting wage of $18+ per

Our hour for roles in fulfillment

and transportation in the

Gender Equity
Commitments
Societal
U.S.—more than double
the federal minimum

and
wage.
We signed and adopted
the UN Women’s
Empowerment Principles
as part of our long‑
standing commitment
Donations
Progress
Through the Amazon Business Donations
Hub, we contributed more than 225
to gender equity.
million in‑kind donated items in 2021,
including personal protective equipment,
school supplies, and other essentials. Commitment

Increase
Commitment
representation of
Upskill 300,000 employees from
Amazon diverse backgrounds
employees by across our business
2025

Learn more about our complete list of Goals and Progress on our
website.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 41

Respecting Our Approach Strong Policies of our business, including related risks and the
strategies for addressing them. While the entire Board

Human Rights Our commitment and approach are informed by leading

international standards and frameworks developed by the
Our efforts are anchored in policies that apply across
our business—from our own operations to our supply
has overall responsibility for risk oversight, the Board
has delegated responsibility for certain risks to its

Throughout
UN and the International Labour Organization (ILO). Amazon chain, and from the design and use of our technology committees.
is committed to respecting and supporting the UN Guiding to the communities we impact. We regularly review our Among other duties and responsibilities, the Nominating
Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), the UN policies to identify areas for update and improvement, and Corporate Governance Committee oversees Amazon’s

Our Business Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the core

Conventions of the ILO, and the ILO Declaration on
engaging
external stakeholders and benchmarking against
environmental, social, and corporate governance policies
and initiatives. This includes policies and initiatives related
Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. international human rights standards and evolving industry to corporate social responsibility, such as human rights
norms.
Our Global Human Rights Principles demonstrate our and ethical business practices, and related risks most
Amazon is committed to treating Our strategy to deliver on these commitments is based commitment to respecting human rights and the dignity relevant to Amazon’s operations and engagement with
the people connected to our entire on the UNGPs and has five pillars: developing strong of people connected to our business around the world. customers, suppliers, and communities. Among other duties
value chain with fundamental policies; embedding human rights into our business; and responsibilities, the Leadership Development and
assessing, prioritizing, and addressing risk through Our Supply Chain Standards detail the requirements and Compensation Committee oversees Amazon’s strategies and
dignity and respect. We strive to mechanisms; transparency and stakeholder engagement; expectations for our suppliers, their supply chains, and policies related to human capital management, including
embed respect for human rights and enabling access to effective remedy. selling partners that list products in our stores. They are diversity and inclusion, workplace environment and safety,
throughout our business activities grounded in principles of inclusivity, continuous and corporate culture. The Committees regularly meet with
We work to continuously improve, tracking our progress on improvement, and management and review these matters.
and relationships. our human rights commitments and reviewing and supply chain accountability. We engage with suppliers that are
updating our policies, processes, and practices to put committed to these same principles; suppliers commit to As a global company, we recognize the responsibility
people at the center of our work. these standards as a condition of doing business with us. At and opportunity we have to raise awareness among
least every three years, in line with industry best practices, our
we review our Supply Chain Standards against policies employees on human rights issues. We have a central team
developed by industry associations. Additionally, we review that works across the company to operationalize human
these standards in consultation with human rights experts rights due diligence and embed human rights considerations
and organizations, including Business for Social Responsibility into everyday business decisions. We also offer trainings
(BSR), Impactt Limited, International Center for Research on tailored to salient human rights risks. For example, our
Women, Nest, the Responsible Business Alliance (RBA), and forced labor awareness program makes ongoing training
UN Women. available to employees around the world to recognize
Embedding Human Rights indicators of forced labor and report concerns to
Into Our Business appropriate authorities in a way that puts the interests of
potential victims first.
We are committed to embedding human rights
considerations into decision-making across our company
and into our policy and governance framework. Amazon’s
Board of Directors is responsible for the control and
direction of Amazon and regularly reviews reports on
various aspects
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 42

Mechanisms to Assess, Prioritize, We recognize that audits alone are insufficient to drive Identifying Salient Human Rights Risks experts, incorporated their feedback into the results, and
and Address Risk long- term change across industries. We, like many The UNGPs guide companies to prioritize the most severe benchmarked the results against internationally recognized
companies risks to people connected to their operations and business human rights standards. The assessment identified a
We are committed to assessing, prioritizing, and in similar industries, are exploring new ways to encourage relationships and are the foundation of our human rights set of priority human rights values, three foundational
addressing adverse human rights impacts connected to improvement in worker protections. This includes supporting due diligence approach. Teams use a variety of tools— commitments, and key salient human rights risks for
our business and we are continually working to improve suppliers’ efforts to improve their grievance mechanisms, saliency assessments, human rights impact assessments Amazon.
our approach. At Amazon, businesses deploy a variety of supplier capacity-building programs, worker trainings, and (HRIAs), and other human rights-based processes The saliency assessment was a key milestone in the
mechanisms to do this. collaborations with other brands and civil society. We currently grounded in the UNGPs—to assess, prioritize, and address development of our human rights due diligence
focus our supply chain efforts on key commitment areas: the most severe risks to people. strategy.
In our supply chain, we assess and respond to risk by Safe Workplaces, Freely Chosen Employment, Gender Equity, Building on this work, in 2021, we made progress on
leveraging internal and external data and guidance from Fair Wages, Environmental Protection, and Grievance In 2020, Amazon worked with sustainability and human our salient human rights risks and furthered our
external stakeholders, including industry experts, civil Mechanisms.
Learn more about our work rights consulting firm Article One Advisors to conduct efforts to implement human rights due diligence
society groups, and NGOs. We engage directly with to source products our first enterprisewide saliency assessment, focused on mechanisms. What follows are some examples of
suppliers and their workers and conduct independent responsibly . identifying salient human rights risks across our business. how we assessed and addressed our salient risks,
audits to verify compliance with our Supply Chain Within our own operations, our central team focuses on We consulted a diverse group of external human rights prioritizing our three foundational commitments.
Standards. We also work with suppliers on appropriate human rights due diligence and collaborates with teams
remediation measures and offer partnerships and programs dedicated to assessing, prioritizing, and addressing human
to help them address risks and invest in worker well-being. rights risks to our employees. These teams focus on Amazon’s Enterprisewide Salient Human Rights Risks
establishing open communication with Amazon employees,
providing them with meaningful grievance mechanisms, Salient Risks
Human Rights Values
building a diverse and inclusive workplace, and keeping our
employees safe. We know we have more to do, and we Diversity, Freedom of Association
Respect Human Rights Earn and Keep the
are committed to widening our lens to better understand Equity, and
in Our Supply Chain Trust of Our
the potential human rights impacts of our business. Future of Work
Customers Inclusion
Empower Employees
Right to
Learn more about our approach to employee engagement ; and Contractors Strengthen the Safe and Healthy
Communities We Working Conditions Privacy
our efforts on diversity, equity, and inclusion ;
and our investments in workplace safety . Serve Product
Modern Slavery
and Forced Labor Safety and
Security
Fair Wages and
Hours Social, Economic, and
Environmental
Three Foundational Commitments Justice

Meaningful Consultation Opportunity for Concerns to Focus on Vulnerable

with Stakeholders be Heard and Issues Resolved Groups
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 43

Meaningful Consultation With Stakeholders • We launched a $12 million, five-year partnership with the
We worked with human rights expert organizations to U.S. National Safety Council to uncover new ways to
advance our human rights due diligence, including Article prevent and address musculoskeletal disorders.
One Advisors, BSR, Impactt Limited, and The Centre for
Child Rights and Business. Some of the outcomes from Learn more about our engagement
Amazon’s partnerships and collaborations that were with stakeholders on our website .
accomplished in 2021 include:

• We created a $150 million Black Business Accelerator Opportunity for Concerns to be Heard and Issues
program in partnership with our Black Employee Network Resolved We developed a set of Worker Voice Criteria,
affinity group and strategic partners with experience outlining key expectations for worker voice mechanisms in
supporting Black businesses, including the Minority our supply chain. This is part of our efforts to build our
Business Development Agency and the U.S. Black capacity to provide suppliers and service providers with a Human Rights Impact Assessments linked to potential risks. We have policies and
Chambers, Inc. Learn more on page 54 . variety of trusted tools, products, and systems in order to Our teams use HRIAs as a due diligence tool to mechanisms in place to help address these potential
hear directly from workers about their experiences and to identify and address adverse impacts business risks, including our Supply Chain Standards, regular
• We engaged the Policing Project at New York University support the resolution of issues from workers’ perspectives. activities might have on individuals such as workers, supplier assessments, and grievance mechanisms.
School of Law to audit the Neighbors application and local community
Neighbors Public Safety Service—which provide users with Learn more about our Ethics Line . members, or consumers. HRIAs surface detailed In 2021, we began implementing recommendations from
real-time crime and safety alerts—to help improve our Ring information the HRIA, such as increasing our support for industry
products and services from a civil liberties and policing Learn more about our help email for inquiries or about our human rights risks and root causes, as well as collaboration on responsible mineral sourcing, and
ethics perspective. Read our report on the Ring blog. complaints about our handling of Amazon customers’ stakeholder perspectives, so that we can address those building the capacity of our supply chain partners to
personal information or about our privacy practices risks with targeted action. For each HRIA, we partner effectively manage human rights risks. We also began
• We signed and adopted the UN Women’s Empowerment generally on Amazon.com . with an independent human rights consulting firm to developing
Principles (WEPs) as part of our long-standing conduct the assessment, facilitate stakeholder a multiyear, Amazon-branded digital devices strategy to
commitment to gender equality. The WEPs were engagement, and deliver recommendations for address risks, seeking perspectives from organizations with
established by the UN Global Compact and UN Women to Focus on Vulnerable Groups improved
Below we business
provide anpractices
update to
onaddress
our firstthe relevant
HRIA, expertise in human rights, inclusive economy, circularity,
offer businesses guidance on ways to promote gender We signed the memorandum on “Standing up for human rights in
summarized risks.
our 2020 Sustainability Report . and responsible innovation to meet the expectations of
equality and women’s empowerment in the workplace, Children’s Rights in the Digital Environment” at the 2021 our customers and impacted communities.
marketplace, and community. Paris Peace Forum. Additionally, we expanded partnerships Update on Our Devices Supply Chain HRIA In 2021, several final assembly and manufacturing
with In 2020, we conducted Amazon’s first HRIA on the raw suppliers of Amazon-branded digital devices participated in
• We also signed the Trusted Cloud Principles , RBA and the International Organization for Migration and recovered materials supply chain for Amazon- the RBA Factory Lead Certification Program. The program
including principles recognizing that “international to help strengthen suppliers’ practices around branded digital devices. Using the UNGPs as a framework trains factory management on effective worker
human rights law enshrines a right to privacy,” and responsible recruitment of foreign migrant workers. to guide the assessment, the HRIA results indicated we communication and maintaining safe working conditions,
committed to the Partnership on AI , working with are directly linked to potential risks for Tier 1–2 allowing suppliers to proactively prevent or mitigate
partners to help drive responsible artificial intelligence Learn more in our 2021 Modern Slavery Statement . manufacturing and reverse logistics suppliers. For potential issues before they arise.
solutions for people and society. minerals, metals, plastics, and synthetics suppliers, results
indicated we are indirectly
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 44

Transparency and Stakeholder Engagement Gender Equity

Stakeholder Engagement Engagement with external stakeholders is key to our human
rights due diligence approach. This collaboration is essential In 2021, we signed and adopted the UN Women’s
We are committed to driving best practices in human to identifying positive outcomes for people connected to Empowerment Principles (WEPs) . Supported by
rights due diligence through increased disclosures about our business and is part of our responsibility to respect more than 6,000 corporate signatories, the WEPs were
our approach and by expanding our stakeholder human rights in line with the UNGPs. We rely on experts established by the UN Global Compact and UN
engagement. Each year, we track progress on our human and affected rights-holders to inform our approach and Women
rights commitments and publicly share up-to-date validate that our efforts have the intended impact. to offer businesses guidance on ways to promote
information about our programs, including external Through regular stakeholder engagement and strategic gender equality and women’s empowerment in the
partnerships with organizations that share our core partnerships, we incorporate invaluable expert input into workplace, marketplace, and community.
human rights values. our work, helping us achieve greater impact on people
connected to our business around the world. “Our support of the Women’s Empowerment
Transparency Principles underscores our long-standing
Transparency is an important tool to help us understand Learn more about our partnerships on our website , work to promote gender equality and
and address risks in our value chain and identify or see a list of our partners . empowerment in the workplace,
opportunities for collaboration on systemic issues. We marketplace, and communities, and we are
publish an interactive supply chain map that encouraged
provides details on suppliers of Amazon-branded apparel, to see other like-minded businesses coming
consumer electronics, food and beverage, and home goods together to drive positive change.”
products. We provide data from supplier assessments
annually, including year-over-year Andy Jassy
data on high- and medium-level issues in our supply chain. President and CEO, Amazon
We report on actions to prioritize the three foundational
commitments identified in our enterprisewide saliency We also made a $1 million contribution to the Resilience
assessment. We also contribute lists of our apparel Fund for Women in Global Value Chains . The
suppliers to the Open Apparel Registry to foster brand Resilience Fund pools corporate investments to drive
collaboration and action in the apparel industry. local, women- led solutions to some of the toughest
We report annually in line with the UNGP Reporting problems facing women in global value chains.
Framework and publish an annual Modern Slavery Stat Established by BSR, the
ement . UN Foundation, and Women Win, the Resilience Fund aims
to raise at least $10 million to make strategic, long-term
investments in women’s economic resilience, health, and
well-being. Amazon’s donation will be invested in local
organizations globally, serving women in manufacturing,
apparel, and agricultural supply chain communities.

Learn more on About Amazon .

 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 45

Grievance Mechanisms and Effective In our operations, consistent, honest, and open Worker Voice Mechanism Criteria Equitable and Accessible: Mechanisms should
Access to Remedy communication with our employees allows us to continually accommodate diversity and ensure that workers
improve our workplace experience, empowering individuals have
As part of our first enterprisewide human rights saliency to voice concerns and have them directly addressed by We developed a set of Worker Voice Criteria to outline key
assessment, we made a foundational commitment that leadership.
those in our value chain have the opportunity for concerns Our goal is to hear from and listen to everyone. Dedicated reasonable access to the information, advice, and
to be heard and issues resolved. Focusing on listening to teams across the company focus on establishing open expertise expectations and drive best practices for our
the people connected to our business and understanding communication with our employees, providing them with suppliers
Transparent andand Predictable: Mechanisms should
their experiences to address risks and remedy issues is a meaningful grievance mechanisms and avenues for dialogue provide users with clear procedures to set
critical element of our human rights approach and a core with leadership. Aligning with the UNGP framework, necessary
expectations to engage
on timewith the mechanism.
frames, how outcomes Workers
will be
obligation under the UNGPs. Amazon’s policies and practices are designed to promote Worker Inclusive: Worker trust is paramount; workers service providers that are implementing and
monitored,
respect for should have input into the mechanisms’ design and maintaining
and how stakeholders will be informed about
the rights of freedom of association and collective performance, particularly how worker voice the mechanism’s effectiveness.
bargaining and to comply with the legal requirements of mechanisms will address and resolve issues. who
Sourcefaceofparticular
Continuousbarriers due toNew
Learning: language,
mechanisms
the countries where we operate. As stated in our literacy,
should beworker voice resourced,
adequately mechanisms. These criteria
developed to
Leadership Principles, Privacy Ensured: Mechanisms must never cause harm draw from
complement existing mechanisms, and used to
we Strive to be Earth’s Best Employer, offering a safer, more to workers; mechanisms must have adequate understand areas of risk and integrate feedback into the
productive, higher performing, more diverse, and more just safeguards in place, providing workers with notice of or disability
design should have adequate
and implementation assistance.
of programs.
work environment. We have many policies, practices, and how data will be protected. t
mechanisms in place to provide open lines of communication h
In 2021, we expanded our efforts to help suppliers build
between leadership and employees and act regularly to e
and employ worker voice tools and improve their
address employee concerns and make improvements. We capacity to respond to worker grievances in Cambodia,
recognize that Success and Scale Bring Broad Responsibility. U
China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Vietnam.
We must begin each day with a determination to make N
better,
Learn do better,
more andour
about be better for our customers, our G
employees,
approach toouremployee
partners,engagement
and the world
. at large. P
s
Our aim is that every worker across our supply chain has
access to an effective grievance mechanism. We work with a
suppliers to increase their capacity to develop these n
mechanisms by creating channels to hear directly from d
workers about their experiences and to support the
resolution of issues from workers’ perspectives. t
h
Learn more about our e
Responsible Sourcing Program .
W
o
r
k
e
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 46

Providing Our Approach The Ripple Effect

a Range Amazon strives to be a great place to work, whether our

employees are building lifelong careers with us or
Sylvia’s Café, a Caribbean-style restaurant run by wife-and-husband
team Sylvia Burke and François Theodore, is located near a 2.4 million

of
developing skills to help them on their professional square- foot Amazon fulfillment center in Opa-locka, Florida.
journeys. This Throughout the pandemic, the presence of Amazon employees looking
begins with offering competitive starting wages in for great food meant that the doors of Sylvia’s Café didn’t shut. This

Employee locations around the world, and continues with benefits,

support, and opportunities to help employees reach their
was thanks, in part, to employees like Nelly Nelson, whose higher wage
means she can make better food choices.

Benefits full potential.

Going Above and Beyond
With Starting Wages
“Instead of fast food, I’m able to eat better,
healthier food,” she said.

We believe that a diverse, We’re proud that our average starting wage has increased There are similar stories across our operations network, from EastBrew Café
passionate workforce is key to to $18 per hour in the U.S. In the UK, Germany, and and Bakery near a fulfillment center in Eastvale, California, to The Parlor
France, our minimum starting wages are 10 GBP, 12 Salon and Spa in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. These are small examples of
a successful business. Amazon EUR, and the big impact our wages are having on communities across the U.S.
is building a strong culture and 10.88 EUR, respectively.
making investments to attract and Learn more on About Amazon .
retain the talented employees we
need today and in the future.

2021 Awards and Recognition

Amazon also received several awards from

#1 #2 #4 #1
Comparably, a company that reviews and compares
company cultures and market compensation to
showcase the most fair and accurate display of
LinkedIn’s Most Desired Fortune’s Top Companies Forbes World’s AmbitionBox Best Place
Best employer brands.
Place to Work in the to Work in India
U.S. in 2021 Employers in 2021 Amongst Mega These awards included:
Companies • Best Global Culture
• Best Place to Work
(Seattle, Atlanta, Los Angeles, and
2021 Top Employer Austin)
• Best Engineering Team
In France, Italy, and Spain (Top Employers • Best Operations Team
Institute)
• Best Product & Design Team
• Best Company Outlook
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 47

Health
Our Inclusive Benefits care

Taking care of our employees’ health and wellness is a Medical, prescription

Adoption
priority. We strive to offer benefits that are inclusive for drug, dental, and
our employees, regardless of their personal circumstances. vision coverage
reimbursement

We offer health care benefits to all regular, full-time Amazon An at-a-glance look
employees in the U.S., including medical, prescription drug, Access to Ramp Back, which allows at our investments in the On-site and Neighborhood
dental, and vision coverage. In regions with fewer options parents to work a reduced schedule health, family, and life Health Centers providing
for convenient access to high-quality and affordable primary for up to eight weeks after the of our employees in the convenient access to high-quality
and mental health care, we launched Neighborhood birth or adoption of a child U.S. care
Health Centers to support our employees and their
families, with 17 locations across the U.S. as of the end of
2021. Access to Leave Share, which
We also developed a health care benefits system that, allows employees to In-network health options
where possible, provides gender transition benefits, donate for virtual care, specialty
including gender affirmation. We maintain internal up to six weeks of their paid centers of excellence,
resources to help managers and team members support parental time to their partner, and health care decision
employees who should their partner’s employer support
are transitioning. not offer paid parental
leave

Access to Gender transition

comprehensive benefits, including
infertility resources gender affirmation
and treatment
coverage

Up to 20 weeks of paid Expanded reimbursement

leave for birthing parents of travel costs to cover
and up to six weeks of paid treatment for non-life-
leave for parents who do Mental health support, with free threatening medical
not give birth confidential counseling and work- issues when travel is
life services for employees, their required, including
families, and members of their elective abortion and
households infertility
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 48

Inclusive Benefits for All A Family-Friendly Employer

The benefits offered by Amazon can be truly life-changing. We know that the time employees spend at work is just one
Take Luv-Luv , a former hairdresser who chose to work at part of what makes them who they are, and that balance
an Amazon fulfillment center because of the quality of between work and home is essential for their well-being. We
health benefits offered from the first day on the job. prioritize benefits that support employees’ families of all
Crucially for Luv-Luv, this includes equal health coverage for kinds.
transgender individuals, without exclusion for medically In the U.S., for eligible full-time and reduced-time
necessary care. employees, Amazon offers up to 20 weeks of paid leave for
birthing parents and up to six weeks for non-birth parents
Since starting at the Amazon fulfillment center in or parents who adopt. We also offer adoption
Shakopee, Minnesota, nearly four years ago, Luv-Luv’s reimbursement and access to comprehensive infertility
health benefits have covered four surgeries. resources and treatment coverage. In addition, our Leave
Share program allows U.S. employees to donate up to six
“Before Amazon, I was pre-op transgender, weeks of their paid parental leave to their partner should
and since then, I’ve fully transitioned,” she their partner’s employer not offer paid parental leave. Our
said. “Amazon paid for all that.” Ramp Back program allows parents to work a reduced
schedule for up to eight weeks after the birth or adoption
Though the insurance benefit was her main reason for joining of a child. social, learning, or emotional challenge. Amazon provides
the company, the pay at Amazon helped Luv-Luv and her Mental health resources are available 24/7 to all employees, employees in the U.S. free access to expert consultants and
two pets afford a comfortable lifestyle. In addition to finding their families, and anyone in their household through educational materials for parents to help children build the
a healthy environment and work she loves, Luv-Luv’s role Amazon’s employee assistance program (EAP), which also skills needed to reach their full potential. In 2022, we are
at Amazon offered another important benefit: inclusion, offers virtual treatment options. This includes free access expanding our programs globally to reach more
on her terms. to a new mental health benefit launched in the U.S. in employees, provide more mental health support for
2021, called Resources for Living. This service children and
“Amazon has allowed me to live a provides a streamlined place for personalized, teens, and offer innovative solutions to meet the needs
comfortable life that I’ve always dreamed convenient, and confidential mental health and daily of neurodiverse families. This will include access to
of,” she said. life support. For therapists and coaches, on-demand resources, and
“I live on my own terms and I’m not employees outside of the U.S., we offer 24/7, on-demand integration with other benefits such as the EAP.
dependent on anyone else. It’s been a support for mental health and work-life concerns, along with We continue to evolve our benefits programs to support
phenomenal journey for me.” immediate consultation and support after a critical incident the needs of our diverse workforce. For example, in the
or traumatic event. These services are available through our U.S.,
Learn more about our support for LGBTQ+ employees . global EAP partners, including Workplace Options. Amazon offers FamilyFlex benefits to help bring more
We also believe in providing support for child and women and parents back to the workforce. These include
adolescent mental health, including clinical guidance for Anytime Shift, which allows employees who choose these
parents of children who have neurodevelopmental roles to create their own work schedule. There are currently
disorders, such over 23,000 open roles that qualify for Anytime Shift, and
as autism spectrum disorders, or any type of behavioral, more than 100,000 employees have taken advantage of this
option.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 49

Empowering Employees Through Helping Our Employees Level Up Subsidizing Tuition Fees
Training and Education Through Career Choice
We want every Amazon employee to pursue their For many people aspiring to grow professionally, education
We believe all employees should have the opportunity to passions and goals. Upskilling programs help may be the first stepping stone—and yet, it can be
learn new skills, grow, and build their careers as they employees gain in-demand skill sets and propel challenging to find the flexibility or resources to do so
develop their professional journeys. Some employees focus them into new careers. Through Upskilling 2025, while working.
on skills that benefit their work at Amazon and some focus Amazon is creating pathways to careers in fields that
on skills that benefit their long-term career aspirations. will continue growing in the years to come. Thanks to Amazon Career Choice , our pre-paid tuition
program, thousands of hourly employees in 14
Through this commitment, we offer different countries are earning certificates and degrees. As of
skills training and education programs, including early 2022, courses available through Career Choice
“There are very few companies out apprenticeship programs to help participants take the include those that employees can take to pursue an
there that are willing to invest in new first steps in their careers. In 2021, we added three associate degree or bachelor’s degree in fields ranging
people in this manner… This program new programs to our portfolio, for a total of nine from information technology to computer science, and
opens the door for people to get paid company-funded training options. More than 70,000 from health care to transportation. In addition, our
to learn and figure out if they enjoy a employees have participated in one of these programs Career Choice program
field. And if they do really well, they’ll since we launched our Upskilling 2025 pledge in also supports employees pursuing high school completion,
have a job.” 2019. General Education Diplomas (GEDs), and English as a
Second Language (ESL) proficiency certifications.
Melfi Perez U.S. hourly employees who have been employed at
Amazon Technical Apprenticeship Amazon for 90 days are eligible to participate in Career
Choice.
Learn more about the range of programs we To make training even more accessible and reduce the
offer in our Upskilling 2025 Report . need to commute to classes, we’ve built more than
140 on-site classrooms, enabling employees to take
college and technical classes inside our fulfillment
centers.

$1.2B
Amazon investment to
50K+
Employees have
140+
On-site classrooms globally
upskill 300,000 of our participated
own employees by in Career Choice
2025 as part of our
Upskilling 2025 pledge
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 50

Taking a New Path—From Amazon to Medicine

There is a rising demand for health workers, offering a new

opportunity for more people, like Ernesto Regis . Ernesto
was working in a fulfillment center in Florida when his
supervisor introduced him to Amazon Career Choice. Shortly
after completing a medical assistant’s course through Career
Choice, Ernesto was offered a job as a medical assistant.
Today, Ernesto is continuing his journey in the health care
field.

“I am now working as a phlebotomist and

medical assistant. But I am not done yet,” he
said. “I’ve enrolled in nursing and I’m taking
classes to become a registered nurse. Amazon
supported and financed a better future for me.
Even though that future didn’t include them.”

Ernesto Regis
Medical Assistant and former Amazon fulfillment
center employee
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 51

Fostering Our Approach A Team Powering Change For example, we launched the AWS Impact Accelerator ,
a $30 million commitment to providing Black, Latinx,

Diversity, We respect and value people of all identities and

backgrounds, including gender, gender identity, race,
Setting goals, regularly reviewing progress, and strong
management are vital to driving lasting action and
women, and LGBTQ+ founders of startups with
equitable

Equity, and
ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, military status, improving representation and inclusion throughout our access to training, mentorship, tools, and resources.
disability, and more. We take an intersectional approach business. In 2021, we welcomed a new Vice President of Startups will receive an unrestricted $125,000 cash grant
to the policies, programs, and strategies we create for Global DEI, bringing in-depth expertise and experience. and up to

Inclusion our employees, selling partners, suppliers, and

customers to build representation and inclusion into our
Candi Castleberry and her team are leading the
refinement of Amazon’s global DEI strategy and
$100,000 in AWS Activate credits, as well as guidance
from AWS technology experts, investors, and partners.
business. companywide goals. Scaling Our Work Through Strategic
Amazon’s ability to innovate on External Partnerships
Our DEI Champions We believe we can achieve more by collaborating with
behalf of our customers relies on
“When I think about Amazon and the Our work is guided by hundreds of global dedicated DEI leading organizations that are making a difference in
the perspectives and knowledge potential for impact, I’m energized by professionals who work closely with business leaders to historically underrepresented communities. Amazon partners
of people from all backgrounds. the possibilities. This work will require help Amazon maintain a diverse and high-performing with nonprofits like Management Leadership for Tomorrow,

We us to engage all communities, think work environment. Our approach to embedding DEI which works to strengthen the recruitment and retention
globally, and cultivate a workplace across of Black, Latinx, and Native American talent. In addition, our
think bigger, bolder, and better that not only is diverse but also our organization also extends to how we support our affinity groups are instrumental in building and
when we have diverse perspectives inspires a deep sense of belonging for selling nurturing external relationships as brand ambassadors.
every one of our employees. If we partners and launch products and services to the world.
across our teams and we are
get this right, together we can create
committed to putting diversity, a greater sense of inclusion, not only
equity, and inclusion (DEI) at the within Amazon, but for Amazon
front and center of everything we customers around Accessibility Across Amazon
the world.”
do.
When we think inclusively and design with
Candi Castleberry different needs in mind, technology can
Vice President of Global DEI, Amazon empower everyone and support people with
disabilities in new ways. We are continually

$30M
Commitment through
$150M
Commitment through the
enhancing our devices and services with
new accessibility features, whether
integrating Braille into our Fire tablet or
the Black Business improving Alexa to support our customers
AWS Impact Accelerator Accelerator with disabilities.
Alexa accessibility features range from

100K+
Employees participated in affinity groups in
adaptive listening to on-screen captioning and
more.

2021 Learn more on About Amazon .

 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 52

Creating an Inclusive Mentoring for the Military Community LGBTQ+ Equality

Culture
At Amazon, inclusion means being valued, trusted, Amazon recruits experienced military leaders from all branches and all Amazon and our employees stand together with the
connected, and informed so that we can deliver the backgrounds. Together, these leaders form important pipelines of talent. LGBTQ+ community. As of 2021, there were more than
best results for our customers. We offer veterans the Military Mentoring Program (MMP), a career- 100 global chapters of Glamazon, our LGBTQ+ affinity
development resource that connects new employees with experienced group. We are committed to advancing equal rights
We believe that building a sense of belonging, employees who help them translate and apply their knowledge to and have a long track record of advocating for
value, and opportunity is integral to people thriving Amazon. protections for the LGBTQ+ community.
in their lives and at work—and to what we can
achieve as a New veteran hires who join the MMP complete a brief profile before In the U.S. and India, Amazon provides transgender-
company. Amazon’s culture of inclusion is reinforced by our being matched with a mentor, who then collaborates with them inclusive health benefits and gender transition
Leadership Principles , which remind team members to throughout their first year at Amazon. Mentors also assist mentees with benefits based on the Standards of Care published by
seek diverse perspectives, learn and be curious, and lead progressing in the Military Ambassador Program, a 12-month the World Professional Association for Transgender
with empathy. One of our newest Leadership Principles— development program focused on sharing resources such as writing Health.
Strive exercises, videos, and virtual huddles. Amazon also holds a gender identity conference to
to be Earth’s Best Employer—specifically calls on leaders to build community, educate those outside of the LGBTQ+
work every day to create a safer, more productive, higher community, and provide professional development
performing, more diverse, and more just work opportunities for those at Amazon who are
Our Inclusion Goals
environment. Amazon’s Affinity Groups transitioning openly in the workplace.
In 2021, we set enterprisewide goals to rapidly scale a Our affinity groups are Amazon
more inclusive culture for employees across Amazon. communities where employees can share experiences and “Diversity exists when you go above Learn more about our
ideas to passionately and positively impact the company. and beyond being aware of inclusive benefits for employees .
Spotlighting Our 2021 Inclusion Goals Our dedicated DEI teams consult with affinity group leaders differences or accepting differences,
• Ensure that 1 0 0 % of employees take companywide to improve our inclusion efforts internally and externally, to actively
required inclusion training. and each affinity group has an executive sponsor who including people who are different from
supports them with engagement efforts. Collectively, more you and inviting them to influence.”
• Build scalable mechanisms that address new instances of than 100,000 Amazon employees participated in our
noninclusive terms in our code and document affinity groups in 2021. Renita Clarke
repositories or development tools. A Selection of Affinity Groups Area Manager, Global Specialty Facilities, Amazon
• Amazon People with
• Build a scalable mechanism in Connections—our real- Disabilities
time employee listening tool—to inspect inclusion • Asians@Amazon
sentiment by demographic for all employees. • Black Employee Network
• Glamazon
• Retain employees at statistically similar rates • Indigenous@Amazon
across all demographics. • Latinos@Amazon
• Warriors@Amazon
• Women@Amazon
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 53

Amazon Studios’ Inclusion Playbook Representation in Our Workforce Our Goals for Increasing Representation
In 2021, we set a number of goals to guide our efforts
The work of DEI requires everyone to disrupt biases We are committed to increasing representation of and progress for improved representation:
that build barriers and create inequities. This includes employees from historically underrepresented backgrounds
representation in the workplace, as well as in the at every level of our organization. To do so, we focus on
media we consume daily. The work is not easy, but
we are committed to achieving real, lasting change.
hiring, retention, growth, development, and promotion.
2x
Double the number of
30%
Increase hiring of U.S.
To find the best talent and support our search for diverse
talent, we partner with organizations and academic U.S. Black employees in Level 4
Working closely with the University of Southern
Black employees in Level through Level 7 positions
California’s Annenberg Inclusion Initiative, the institutions linked to underrepresented communities. In
8 (Director) and Level 10 by at least 3 0 % year over
International Documentary Association, and the U.S., these organizations include historically Black
(Vice President) positions year from 2020 hiring.
Gamechanger Films, we created the Inclusion Playbook colleges and universities (HBCUs), Hispanic-serving
year over year from
to help people recognize biases that occur across the institutions, women’s colleges, and tribal colleges. 2020 numbers.
lifecycle of a series or movie—from production to
launch. The Playbook explores this issue further by
allowing people to understand how they can meet the
Students visit Amazon’s campus for a range of programs
and career enrichment experiences, such as our Represent 30%
Increase the number of
40%
Increase the number of U.S.
Amazon Studios Inclusion Policy. the Future Summit. We also partner with organizations like
Grace Hopper Celebration, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor women at Level 8 and Black software
By thinking about a story, casting, crewing up, and Consortium Fellows, AfroTech, AnitaB.org, Lesbians Who Level 10 positions in development engineer
Tech, Girls in Tech, American Indian Science and tech and science roles interns by at
how to track and report inclusion successes, the
Engineering Society, and others. by 3 0 % year over year. least 40%.
Playbook
is specifically designed to advance the visibility and
responsible depictions of underrepresented
communities.
Amazon developed an online certification program with
City University of Seattle to offer training to military
employees and their families for higher-paying jobs. We
100K+
Hire more than 100,000
1.6M
Reach 1.6 million
We view this as an evolving document that will be also work U.S. veterans and military underrepresented students
updated over time, offering a much-needed tool with City University on its Apprenti program, which spouses by 2024, building globally through Amazon
to guide decision-making in creative hiring trains newcomers to the tech industry and places them on our commitment to Future Engineer with real-
practices. in paid apprenticeships at companies like Amazon. military families after world-inspired virtual and
exceeding our 2016 White hands-on computer
House pledge to hire science project learning.
“This Inclusion Playbook adds important, 25,000 veterans and
additional depth and guidance for our military spouses by May
internal teams and external partners to 2021.
ensure we continue to advance our
shared mission of amplifying the best
creatives and content around the Retain
world.”

Latasha Gillespie
Employees
Retain employees at statistically similar rates across
Executive Head, DEI, Amazon Studios
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 54

Living Our Principles Advancing Social and Racial Introducing Amazon’s Black including the Minority Business Development Agency and
Justice Business Accelerator the U.S. Black Chambers, Inc., which have deep
Amazon prioritizes equal pay. When we evaluate 2021 We are committed to using our scale to amplify historically experience in supporting Black businesses.
compensation, including base compensation, cash bonuses, underrepresented voices and empower diverse communities. In 2021, we launched the Black Business Accelerator (BBA)
and stock, our reported data demonstrates that women One of the ways we are doing this is by bridging the to target barriers to access and advancement, to drive As part of the Accelerator, we also introduced a 12-month
globally and in the U.S. earned 99.8 cents and 99.9 cents, technology and science divide for underrepresented groups economic equity for Black entrepreneurs, and to play a mentorship and networking benefit called BBA Connect
respectively, for every dollar that men earned performing through science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) to part in increasing the number of Black business owners in provide ongoing support for entrepreneurs.
the same jobs. Racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. education programs and various learning events. This includes our industry.
earned Amazon Future Engineer , our new Advanced Placement “The opportunity to connect with people
99.2 cents for every dollar that white employees Computer Science programming curriculum focused on Through our $150 million commitment, we are providing inside Amazon to continue to help us
earned performing the same jobs. equity and launched with Code.org. We also partner with Girls mature access to capital, business guidance, growth, and marketing our capabilities is super validating but
In 2021, we further strengthened our long-standing in Tech through AWS Academy, where we work closely also support for current and aspiring Black small business extremely rewarding. With Amazon’s
commitment to gender equality by signing the UN with minority-serving institutions (MSIs) and community support, owners selling in Amazon’s store to grow their businesses. the sky really feels like it’s the limit.”
Women’s Empowerment Principles (WEPs) . The WEPs colleges to provide a free, ready-to-teach cloud computing
were established by the UN Global Compact and UN curriculum. We are proud to have created this initiative with our Pernell Cezar
Women In 2021, we also announced 21 undergraduate and Black Employee Network affinity group and strategic BLK & Bold
to offer businesses guidance on ways to promote graduate recipients from HBCUs and MSIs for our Supply partners,
gender equality and women’s empowerment in the Chain Optimization Technologies organization’s fellowship
workplace, marketplace, and community. .
Learn more about our partnerships and Through AWS education programs, we announced a
investments to promote gender empowerment collaborative effort with Howard University to equip
in the workplace and community . students with competitive technical skills, provide educators
with professional development opportunities, and drive
entrepreneurship at the university. We’ve also launched
statewide training and education initiatives, which are
typically anchored by community colleges. Collaboration
with community colleges helps AWS reach diverse
populations
of minority, underrepresented, and veteran populations,
as well as urban and rural communities. In 2021, we also
announced the $10 million AWS Artificial Intelligence an
d
Machine Learning Scholarship , designed to prepare
underrepresented
Learn more about andour
underserved students
investments in globally for
careers in machine
education learning.
to eliminate the STEM gap .
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 55

Supporting Inclusivity in
Our Communities “Our work at the Asian American Writers’
Workshop centers the safeguarding
We are committed to promoting people in our and cultivation of our community’s
communities who come from historically imaginations, and we are incredibly
underrepresented communities. For example, at Whole grateful to the Amazon Literary
Foods Market, our Inclusive Product Strategy expands our Partnership for their continued
existing partnerships with brands that are owned and support that makes this critically
operated by women, members of the LGBTQ+ community, necessary work possible.”
and people of color. As part of this
strategy, we spotlight one supplier per month across Jafreen Uddin
internal communications channels. Select supplier Executive Director, Asian American Writers’
spotlights from 2021 include: Workshop
• Shea Radiance , a Black- and women-owned beauty
$21 Million Program for Real Estate brand whose shea butter is sourced directly from
Developers of Color women-run cooperatives to create economic access
through trade.
Addressing the housing crisis starts with removing barriers. • Undefined Beauty , a Black-, women-, and LGBTQ+-owned
In 2021, we announced an accelerator program to help real business that delivers innovative and high-quality products
estate developers of color kick-start their projects through at an accessible price point.
the Amazon Housing Equity Fund. The $21 million, two-
year, • Pop & Bottle , a women-operated and -owned, plant-
part-time professional development program aims to help real based bottled coffee business founded by two new
estate developers of color progress in an industry known for mothers with an interest in wellness.
high barriers to entry. We partnered with local social impact
and economic justice organizations to develop curriculums Another example is our continued commitment to the
and networking opportunities that reflect the specific issues Amazon Literary Partnership (ALP) — a grant program
facing their communities. founded in 2009 that funds organizations championing
diverse, marginalized, and underrepresented authors and
We also partner with Enterprise Community Loan Fund, storytellers. In 2021, ALP awarded 80 grants totaling
Inc. to administer grants of up to $200,000 to qualified more than $1 million to organizations across the country
real estate developers of color. These grants are open to that support writers and underrepresented voices.
anyone who applies to the Amazon Housing Equity Fund
and needs assistance with the capacity-building and pre- Learn more about how we support diverse
development expenses associated with the preservation entrepreneurs, business owners, and local producers .
and creation of affordable housing within Amazon’s three
focus regions.

Learn more on About Amazon .

 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 56

Inclusion: By the Numbers

Real progress requires actions that can be tracked. We measure and share DEI data to better understand where
we are in our journey and where we need to go. See the Appendix for the full set of diversity and inclusion
data, including for Field and Customer Support, Corporate Employees, and Senior Leaders.

Amazon Workforce (All Levels)

Global U.S. U.S. Race/Ethnicity

18.6% Latinx 26.4% Black 15.4% Asian
2019
42.7% Women 57.3% Men 2019
45.4% Women 54.6% Men 34.6% White
2019
1.3% Native American 3.6% Multiracial

44.6% Women 55.4% Men 46.9% Women 53.1% Men 22.8% Latinx 26.5% Black 13.6% Asian 32.1% White
2020 2020 2020
1.5% Native American 3.6% Multiracial

44.8% Women 55.2% Men 47.0% Women 53.0% Men 23.6% Latinx 28.2% Black 13.2% Asian 30.2% White
2021 2021 2021
1.5% Native American 3.3% Multiracial

People Managers

Global U.S. U.S. Race/Ethnicity

27.8% Women 72.2% Men 28.0% Women 72.0% Men 21.1% Asian 58.9% White
2019 2019 2019
0.6% Native American 3.0% Multiracial
8.1% Latinx 8.3% Black

29.3% Women 70.7% Men 29.0% Women 71.0% Men 10.6% Black 19.5% Asian 56.4% White
2020 2020 2020
0.7% Native American 3.2% Multiracial
9.5% Latinx

30.8% Women 69.2% Men 30.5% Women 69.5% Men 12.0% Black 19.9% Asian 53.1% White
2021 2021 2021
0.7% Native American 3.3% Multiracial 10.9%
Latinx
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 57

Employee Feedback Mechanisms Appeals Process

We believe that everyone deserves to have their voice

Engagement: We are committed to providing our employees with grievance

mechanisms and remedial action, regardless of collective
heard, including when appealing any decisions. In the U.S.
and Canada, Amazon offers an online, paperless appeals

Listening to
bargaining presence. We work hard to listen to our process, through which eligible employees can challenge
employees, make continual improvements, and invest heavily certain disciplinary actions. The appeals may involve a
to offer competitive pay and benefits in a safe and inclusive review from

Our People workplace. a second-level manager or general manager to verify that

policies have been applied correctly. If this is not found to
Voice of the Associate Boards be the case, we remediate as appropriate.
With more than 1.6 million direct We offer our team members the opportunity to express
employees worldwide, employee themselves openly. For our associates, our Voice of the Ethical Behavior
Associate (VOA) boards and their digital counterpart,
engagement is fundamental to our MyVoice, are available at Amazon facilities around the While working, our employees should always act lawfully, Open-Door Philosophy
success. Our goal is to hear from and globe. These give employees a forum for expressing their ethically, and in the best interests of Amazon. Our Code of
listen to all of our employees. We concerns, offering suggestions, and asking questions on a Business Conduct and Ethics (Code of Conduct) sets out We believe candid and constructive communication in
daily basis. Leadership teams reply directly, promoting basic guiding principles for all employees. Employees may an environment of mutual respect is essential to our
have a variety of engagement, raise questions or report suspected violations of our Code
dialogue and efficient remediation of issues. In 2021, collective success. Our open-door philosophy means
feedback, and remediation Amazon managers received and responded to more than of Conduct through Amazon’s Ethics Line, by phone or we welcome and encourage any employee to discuss
mechanisms that help us continually 210,000 submissions. online. suggestions, concerns, or feedback with their manager,
improve our workplace experience. a Human Resources team member, or any member
Connections Ethics Line of Amazon’s leadership team.
Connections is a real-time, companywide employee The Ethics Line is a commonly utilized method for employees
feedback mechanism, designed to listen to and learn from to raise concerns, offered in 165 languages and 63
employees at scale to improve the employee experience. countries. Reports to the Ethics Line are answered by an
Each day, Connections questions are delivered to every independent third party and may be made anonymously on against employees in director-level positions or above and is
Amazon employee on a computer, workstation device, or request. Our Business Conduct and Ethics team records, kept apprised of the progress and findings of our
hand scanner, generating more than 1.5 million daily reviews, investigates (or directs others to investigate), and investigations.
responses from employees. reports alleged violations of the Code of Conduct, tracking The Leadership Development and Compensation
any remediation required. Committee of the Board of Directors, comprising
Employees can choose to respond to a question or not, We take all allegations of unlawful conduct in the workplace independent directors, receives detailed quarterly updates
and individual responses are aggregated and shared with extremely seriously. We carefully review and investigate on any allegations

210K+
Suggestions, questions,
1.5M+
Responses every day to
managers at the team level to maintain confidentiality.
Connections analyzes response data and provides insights
to managers and leaders to review and take actions as
allegations of unlawful conduct or other conduct that violates
any of our policies. In addition, we will not allow retaliation
against an employee for reporting misconduct by others in
of unlawful harassment and discrimination against
employees in vice-president-level positions or above or
employees investigated on behalf of Amazon by an external
and comments addressed Connections questions in necessary. Employees respond to Connections questions in good faith. Our senior leadership team receives regular investigator. Upon completion of each investigation, we
through VOA boards 26 languages in 55 55 countries, and questions are delivered in 26 updates on any allegations of unlawful harassment and take appropriate action against anyone found to have
countries languages. discrimination engaged in unlawful conduct or to have violated our
policies.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 58

Engaging Our Employees Associate Forums Practices Related to Freedom of We value worker feedback, and are committed to
Amazon has dozens of Associate Forums in Europe and Association and Collective Bargaining providing our employees with grievance mechanisms
We value employee feedback. We believe it is in the best Africa that enable employees to regularly interact directly and remedial action, regardless of collective bargaining
interests of our employees and our company to continue with their site leadership teams. Associate Forums consist We respect freedom of association and our employees’
our direct communications, and that the best way to of site leadership and representatives elected by workplace presence. We firmly believe it is in the best interests
effect positive change is for our employees and employees who meet regularly to share information, of right to join, form, or not to join a labor union or other our employees and our company to continue our
managers to continue working together directly. feedback, and ideas. This gives associates and leaders at direct lawful organization of their own selection, without fear of communications, and that the best way to effect
the site an opportunity to consult directly on key decisions positive reprisal, intimidation, or harassment. These rights should be change is for our employees and managers to
We encourage our employees to provide feedback regularly. that affect the site or associate experience, including continue exercised in an informed and thoughtful manner. Amazon working together directly. We work hard to
Employees have daily opportunities to engage with working practices, shift schedules, and associate well- listen to our has a variety of elected associate forums and work councils employees, make continual improvements,
leaders, raise issues, and make suggestions to continually being. and invest around the world, and we have associates represented by heavily to offer competitive pay and benefits
improve our workplace through all-hands meetings with in a safe some form of collective bargaining in many countries. and inclusive workplace.
general managers, stand-up meetings with direct Associate Safety Committees
supervisors, and one-on-one meetings. Another way Amazon obtains feedback and input
from employees is through Associate Safety
Committees.
Associate Roundtables These committees exist at many sites around the
The purpose of Associate Roundtable meetings is to world, including in jurisdictions or states in the U.S.
provide leaders and associates with meaningful where they are not legally mandated.
opportunities to discuss issues. Leaders hear directly from
hourly associates, who can ask questions about any topic
and share thoughts about their job, work environment,
and any challenges they might be facing. The leadership
team uses the information to improve the workplace and
the associate experience.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 59

Safety, Health, Our Approach Prioritizing Safety From Day 1 Smart Tech for Smarter
Work
and Well- We structure our operations to fulfill customer orders as
efficiently and safely as possible, and work to optimize our
From an employee’s first day at Amazon, we highlight
and reinforce the importance of safety through our new-
We use technology to help reduce physical demands on
our employees. For example, we provide our fulfillment

Being at
processes, equipment, and facilities for safety and hire orientation program, which details safety center employees with intelligent, wearable safety items
productivity. We provide extensive safety training, coaching, expectations and policies. Helping employees that can communicate with robotic equipment in real time.
and engagement opportunities to our operations employees understand how to use the equipment and processes We also have mobile and vehicle technology to help

Amazon to continually improve workplace safety. We employ

thousands of safety professionals to solve complex problems,
designed to keep them safe
through training opportunities—such as microlearning, just-
drivers perform pickups, deliveries, and returns efficiently
and safely. We
maintain safety equipment, and establish new industry best in-time training, and learning by doing—is a top priority. are constantly evaluating new opportunities and
Safety is integral to everything practices. This provides our staff with the chance to build safety skills learning programs to create innovative solutions in
we do at Amazon, and we strive We continually identify opportunities to innovate and and competencies on an ongoing basis. We provide technology, robotics, and automation that improve
invest in achieving better outcomes and solutions for our continual training on topics such as body mechanics and safety across
to be safer every day for our
people. These range from integrating new safety fall hazards through routine reminders, alerts when logging our operations.
One major area of focus is using technology to advance
employees, partners, and technology, on to a workstation, and messages in our mobile app for driver-centric customization throughout our delivery fleet
communities. Our work such as vehicle safety controls for our delivery network, employees. and bringing safety to the forefront of vehicle design. We
Every operations manager also participates in annual
environments allow our to engineering ergonomic solutions for employees in are investing an incremental $100 million across our fleet
our fulfillment centers. We continue to research, safety training, reinforcing basic concepts like in
employees, regardless of invest, and emergency preparedness and hazard identification. 2022 to bring innovations in ergonomics and driver
background, skill level, or apply data and insights to improve safety in our assistance technologies. All Amazon-branded delivery
workplaces.
experience, to work vehicles are equipped with driver safety and comfort
features, including active systems like automatic emergency
with confidence. braking, technologies that improve visibility, and alerts for
nearby
In 2021,vehicles.
we piloted our custom electric delivery van, built
Safety at a
in partnership with Rivian, in over 15 U.S. cities. These
Glance:
vans are designed with the human body in mind, and

$300M+ $15B+
Invested in COVID-19-related costs
include 12 advanced driver assistance features that
consider
the safety and comfort needs of our drivers. We are also
safety projects incurred since the start of collaborating with drivers to develop vehicle
in 2021 the pandemic to help improvements based on their feedback.
keep employees safe

$12M Green Cross

Five-year partnership with the U.S. National Safety Safety Innovation
Council
(NSC) launched to uncover new ways to prevent Award
and address musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) Amazon was the 2021 recipient of the Green Cross for
Safety Innovation Award, presented annually by the
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 60

How Technology Is Making Roads Safer Boosting Wellness and Well-Being

In 2021, thousands of drivers navigated over 2 billion miles “As a driver, I feel protected and safer
delivering packages to our customers around the world. As with Amazon’s technology. If something When people are given the tools to take care of their
our transportation businesses have expanded, we’ve happens, the footage is there to help well-being at work and at home, they are not only
focused on making our roads safer for our drivers and me. Alerts provide a level of safety less
communities through innovative mobile and vehicle that wasn’t there before, helping me prone to injuries but they feel better, healthier, and happier.
technology. consciously think about safety— We proactively help employees manage their health and
Artificial intelligence reduces accidents by capturing data even after my shift ends when I’m wellness through a wide range of programs. We also
and providing real-time alerts for unsafe driving behavior, driving my own vehicle.” provide access to convenient health care through our
such as driver distraction, close following distance, stop sign Neighborhood Health Centers , with 17 facilities located
and signal violations, and seatbelt infractions. Our 2021 Nick near fulfillment centers in the U.S. as of 2021.
investment of more than $130 million in new Operations Manager, Amazon Our innovative WorkingWell program uses academic
transportation safety technology and programs resulted in research and certified athletic trainers to educate new
nearly 5 0 % fewer accidents since October 2020, and we employees about their bodies, health, and wellness to
are investing an incremental $100 million in 2022 to scale help them successfully adapt to working at Amazon.
innovations in ergonomics and driver assistance After the “The app was developed with
technologies across our delivery fleet. onboarding phase, WorkingWell continues to provide support employees, for employees. We wanted
to employees through Huddles, which are meetings among to make
small groups of employees covering topics such as training, sure it’s not only easy to use but also
Our 2021 conditioning, bending, and handling objects. These regular beneficial, whether someone is
Impact:
connections provide opportunities to discuss the benefits of starting their health and wellness
strong body mechanics and provide ongoing safety journey or continuing their safety

$130M+ ~50%
education.
We also provide short activities called Mind and Body education.”
Investment in vehicle Nearly 5 0 % reduction Moments, which appear on workstation screens at sites
tech and programs in accidents across North America, South America, India, and Europe. Chandni Chandihok
These messages encourage employees to take regular Workplace Health and Safety Product

~80% 75%
breaks to stretch, breathe, and be mindful. The goal is to Manager, Amazon
improve employees’ mental and physical well-being, reduce Learn more in our report on safety,
fatigue and stress, and improve health and safety health,
and well-being at
Nearly 8 0 % reduction Reduction in
engagement. Amazon.
in driver distraction
WorkingWell 2021
stop sign violations
Impact:

Vehicle 130
Safety
~1.2M
Employees reached Huddles customized to sites
15%+ 1 App
Reduction in MSD incidents In the U.S. to enable

Technology based on operation

type and language
for those participating
in Huddles compared to
even
more employees to
In-vehicle camera safety technology installed nonparticipants access sessions whether
in Amazon-branded delivery vehicles operated at work or home
by Delivery Service Provider drivers
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 61

Building a Our Approach approach to risk assessment against globally recognized

international standards and industry best practices.
Selling Partners

Supply Chain Our goal is for our products and services to be provided in
a way that respects human rights and the environment. We conduct regular assessments of suppliers of Amazon-
Selling partners are third-party sellers and retail vendors
that offer products for sale in Amazon’s stores. Our

That Puts
Our global teams work closely with suppliers to branded products, including Amazon Private Brands and Supply Chain Standards apply to every product sold in
communicate our standards and help suppliers build their Amazon devices, as well as a curated selection of brands our stores and we expect selling partners to do their
capacity to provide working environments that are safe exclusively sold in Amazon’s store. We expect our own due diligence in support of producing every

People First and respectful of human rights. suppliers to consistently monitor and enforce our
standards in
product in safe, healthy, and inclusive work
environments.
their own operations and supply chain, as well as
Amazon is committed to Supply Chain Standards making improvements to meet or exceed our We evaluate credible allegations of selling partner
conducting our business in a We set a high bar for ourselves and our suppliers. Amazon’s expectations. violations of our Supply Chain Standards including, but
lawful and responsible manner, Supply Chain Standards detail the requirements and Continuous Improvement not limited to, those published by governments, civil
expectations for our suppliers, their supply chains, and Our approach is based on a commitment to workers and society, reputable investigators, journalists, or human
including engaging with suppliers selling partners that list products in our stores. They are to continuous improvement. We put the safety and rights defenders. If we have reason to suspect certain
that respect human rights, provide grounded in principles of inclusivity, continuous interests of workers first and work to strengthen suppliers’ products do not meet our standards, we may request
safe and inclusive workplaces, improvement, and supply chain accountability. We engage capacities to manage and mitigate risks in their value that the selling partner demonstrate the products it
with suppliers that are committed to these same principles, chains. We have sells in our store were manufactured in accordance
and promote a sustainable future. and suppliers commit to these standards as a condition of dedicated teams in key sourcing regions that engage with Amazon’s Supply Chain Standards, such as
doing business with us. At least every three years, in line directly providing evidence of auditing protocols, showing
with industry best practices, we review our Supply Chain with suppliers and their workers. If an issue is found, we work processes
Standards against policies developed by industry with suppliers to remediate the issue by prioritizing worker for assessing factory working conditions, engaging
associations. Additionally, feedback and offering suppliers resources to help them in unannounced audits, participating in an approved
we review these standards in consultation with human invest in worker well-being and safe workplaces. Teams industry association that includes factory monitoring,
rights across the company set goals with senior leadership to or verifying where the products are made.
experts and organizations, including Business for Social track progress
Learn and incentivize
more about improvement
our Responsible Sourcingacross our
Program,
Responsibility (BSR), Impactt Limited, International Center supply chain.
including our Supply Chain Standards, our Supplier
for Research on Women, Nest, Responsible Business Manual, and our supply chain map, on our website .
Alliance (RBA), and UN Women.
Supply Chain Risk Assessments
We evaluate our supply chain to understand the highest
risks to workers and to prioritize our efforts. To do this,
we engage key internal and external stakeholders,
analyze our risks using international risk indices such as
the World Top Five
Sourcing
Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators, run worker
surveys,

Countries in
and conduct assessments that include worker
interviews, management interviews, document reviews,
and on-site visits. We regularly consult industry experts
2021
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 62

Supply Chain Transparency Our Progress in In 2021, we continued to strengthen our mechanisms to
2021 address and improve workplace safety by conducting “I feel proud to be a part of the
Supply chain transparency is essential to our approach In 2021, we strengthened our engagement with suppliers, building, electrical, and fire safety assessments for at-risk program under Swasti. Before the
to human rights due diligence, and an important tool workers, and communities to further embed respect for suppliers in Bangladesh and Pakistan. We also trained training, I was not very conscious of
to help us address risks in our supply chain and human rights throughout our value chain. We are building selected suppliers on how to improve management systems my health. I have not been eating well
identify opportunities for collaboration on systemic our efforts in our key commitment areas, including Gender and workplace dialogue, and we created issue-specific in the morning. The training helped me
supply chain issues. We publish a supplier list and Equity and Responsible Recruitment, and strengthened our guidebooks to enable suppliers to better understand the to understand how to address
interactive supply chain map that provides details on due diligence mechanisms. Workers remain at the center of root causes of these issues and help prevent issues from symptoms I was experiencing and
suppliers of Amazon-branded apparel, consumer our work; we support our suppliers to mitigate risk and occurring. counseled me on ways to manage
electronics, food invest in supply chain worker well-being. We expanded our work with the Sustaining Competitive through healthy lifestyle and exercise.
and beverage, and home goods products. We update and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) program, a lean The easy accessibility to the health
our supply chain map at least annually to provide manufacturing program focused on improving counselor and nutritionist helped
customers and external stakeholders visibility into Supply Chain Commitments productivity and safe working conditions in small and me gradually control and
where we source. medium-sized manufacturers, with an emphasis on improve my symptoms.”
We also contribute lists of our apparel suppliers to the We evaluate our supply chain to identify the industries, worker participation as an essential component to strong
Open Apparel Registry to foster brand collaboration countries, and issues where we have the greatest safety management practices. To date, we have T. N. Manjula
and action in the apparel industry. opportunities to identify and address risks and have a enrolled 50 suppliers located in Supervisor at Just Jute Products and participant in
positive impact on workers. We work closely with our India, China, and Vietnam, providing over 28,900 workers Swasti health training
Learn more about our supply chain suppliers around the world, and consistently work to identify with a cumulative 8,800 hours of training. Through an
map and list on our website . partnerships and programs to help our suppliers invest in independent assessment of the program, we found a
worker well-being and safe workplaces. We are proud to reduction in health and safety findings and accidents, and
share our progress on our key commitment areas. increased productivity and worker satisfaction.
To provide programs to workers in our supply chain, we
Learn more about our key supply chain partner with Swasti, a global nonprofit committed to
commitment areas on our website . ensuring access to quality health care for workers in
marginalized communities. As of 2021, Swasti reached over
1,200 workers in Amazon’s supply chain in India, providing
Safe and Healthy Workplaces critical mental health, health care, and social entitlement
Maintaining safe and healthy workplaces is a top priority for support to workers, their families, and their communities.
Amazon. We have global teams who partner with suppliers Swasti provides a telecare health counseling program,
to increase worker awareness of safety issues, promote factory management training on COVID-19 prevention and
worker participation in their facility’s safety culture, and management,
promote initiatives focused on the well-being of workers on and screening for harmful health conditions,
issues that matter most to them. including hypertension and diabetes.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 63

Gender Equity We worked with International Center for Research on

Gender equity is a fundamental human right and a Women (ICRW) Advisors and The Mara Partners to
necessary foundation of a sustainable supply chain. Quality advance women’s rights across our global value chain,
jobs for women translate to positive impacts for and joined Better Cotton’s Working Group on Decent
communities, and we are actively working to empower Work & Gender to improve working conditions for cotton
women to make their own decisions on health, finances, farmers.
and career development. In addition, we signed and adopted the UN Women’s
In 2021, we scaled our work and investments to Empowerment Principles (WEPs) . Supported by more than
advance the rights of female workers in supply chains. 6,000 corporate signatories, the WEPs were established by
We made a the UN Global Compact and UN Women to offer businesses
$1 million investment in the Resilience Fund for Women in guidance on ways to promote gender equality and
Global Value Chains. The Resilience Fund pools corporate women’s
investments to drive local, women-led solutions to some of empowerment in the workplace, marketplace, and
the toughest problems facing women in global value chains. community.
Established by BSR, the UN Foundation, and Women Win,
the Resilience Fund aims to raise at least $10 million to Learn more about our human rights partnerships .
make strategic, long-term investments in women’s
economic resilience, health, and well-being.

Protecting Workers During COVID-19 workers with access to crisis response resources, with a
focus on Asia’s most COVID-vulnerable regions.
Millions of workers worldwide remain affected by
deepening poverty, inequality, and job uncertainty due to Through a collaboration with Catalyst Management
the lingering impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In many Services, a social investment specialist group, and PATH,
parts of Asia, which are critical manufacturing and sourcing a global public health nonprofit, this commitment will
regions for Amazon’s goods, workers continue to facilitate vaccine assistance, provide a medical hotline
experience health and financial challenges due to low for workers and their families, and assist factories in
vaccination rates and reoccurring lockdowns, which can establishing crisis response plans. Additionally, we continue
shutter factories. our collaboration with Nest to provide tools and training
Building on our 2020 investments in organizations to help more than 70 artisan small business owners in
providing critical front-line support to workers impacted by Indonesia, Cambodia, and the Philippines weather the
the pandemic, in 2021, we made an additional $1.65 financial impact of shop closures, staffing shortages,
million investment to collaborate with several and canceled orders.
organizations and invest directly in suppliers of Amazon-
branded products. Learn more on About Amazon .
This investment will help provide an estimated 54,000
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 64

Amazon Partnership With Nest In the wake of COVID-19, providing artisan businesses with
a multichannel sales strategy is essential to their resilience
To advance our gender equity commitments, we support and ability to withstand unprecedented times for small
female business leaders, entrepreneurs, and makers across maker businesses. For example, Espacio Handmade, based
our supply chain. As part of this effort, in 2021, Amazon in
Handmade and Nest teamed up to support artisan and Austin, Texas, is a women-owned leather goods business that
maker businesses to increase their sales and impact by was highlighted in our 2020 Sustainability Report. Amazon
leveraging the power of Amazon’s marketplace. Nest, a Handmade also featured the business in the “Our Favorite
nonprofit supporting the responsible growth and creative Finds” section, and within weeks, Espacio Handmade had
engagement of the artisan and maker economy to drive received hundreds of orders. Amazon Handmade is proud
gender equity, supports a growing network of over 1,600 to support creative maker and artisan businesses as they
artisan businesses
across 120 countries. The partnership between Nest and navigate
both optimal
Amazon andways to leverage
Amazon Handmade the direct-to-consumer
Amazon Handmade led to the launch of a dedicated provide.
platform that
cohort of Nest artisan businesses that were promoted
through a dedicated gateway on Amazon Handmade. Learn more on About Amazon .

Gender Equity Training for Workers single mother of two children, and her family depends
in Our Supply Chain on
her income alone. Through HERfinance training,
Sunita
learned the value of investing and saving for health and
Amazon partners with BSR’s HERproject, an initiative future expenses. The training taught her about financial
that brings together global brands, their suppliers, and planning tools and options to build her savings to support
local partners to create and implement workplace- her short-term and long-term goals. It also inspired her to
based open a savings account, where she regularly deposits
interventions on health, financial inclusion, and respect funds, and enabled her to use digital payment tools that
for women’s rights. Through our BSR partnership, we support fair wage payments. Sunita shared what she
engage suppliers in China, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and learned with her colleagues, family, and neighbors, so that
India. As of 2021, we supported nearly 16,000 workers— they also benefited from the information she received.
including 10,000 women—with trainings on health and
financial skills, and we helped workers and factory “It is because of this training that I have
management to combat gender-based discrimination in started to think about myself and my
the workplace.
Sunita Giri is a garment worker at Dhruv Globals Ltd. future, as I do not want to depend on
in India who attended a HERfinance program. She is anyone [in] my old age,” she said.
a
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 65

Fair Wages Responsible Recruitment and In 2021, we expanded our relationships with key external
We are committed to working closely with suppliers, Freely Chosen Employment partners RBA and the International Organization for Migration Standing in Partnership Against
business partners, and multistakeholder associations to Amazon does not tolerate the use of forced labor. Forced (IOM). We also began partnering with the Issara Institute to Child Labor
monitor and promote continual improvement in working labor is a hidden crime that is hard to combat, and address issues of human trafficking and forced labor through
conditions, including fair and on-time payment of wages. workplace environments and recruitment practices are worker voice, partnership, and innovation. We are working The UN designated 2021 as International Year for
We have dedicated teams across the globe that work dynamic. For vulnerable groups such as foreign migrant with these organizations to better understand hotspots across the Elimination of Child Labour. Building on our
directly with suppliers to track and report performance workers, we are increasing our understanding of forced our supply chain so that the rights of workers vulnerable to work with The Centre for Child Rights and Business,
against these standards. Our suppliers are required to pay labor risk across both home and destination countries. forced labor continue to be respected and promoted. We are Amazon committed to the Joint Action Pledge to
legally required compensation, including overtime and Worker voice mechanisms are important to enable also working with them to leverage collective industry strengthen the protection of children’s rights and
benefits, and we encourage them to continually evaluate workers to raise issues in a safe responses for improved due diligence and develop impactful accelerate action to address child labor in global
whether their workers earn enough to meet their basic and confidential manner. We recognize real progress in this risk mitigation strategies that put the interests of workers supply chains.
needs and the needs of their families. space will only be achieved through collaborative first.
action— by companies, governments, and civil society— Additionally, we expanded our training on responsible Through this commitment, we will work with other
Making sure workers are paid fairly is a challenge across to spur systemwide change. recruitment practices to over 50 suppliers through the RBA’s retailers to further extend due diligence, remediation,
all industries in global supply chains. We are working to With operations and supply chains spanning the globe, we Responsible Labor Initiative and IOM. We also offered worker and monitoring activities. This will enable us to
better understand wage payments in our supply chain to are committed to improving the working conditions of awareness training to workers at sites in high-risk regions to increase our understanding of child labor in supply
meaningfully engage with suppliers and enhance our due people who are connected to our business and recognize improve the well-being of foreign migrant workers. These chains, deliver programs to support juvenile workers,
diligence under the UN Guiding Principles on Business the need training programs focused on modern slavery risks and the build the capabilities of suppliers to address child
and Human Rights on this issue. We will continue to to monitor for conditions that put workers at risk of modern importance of responsible recruitment, including teaching labor, work collaboratively as a group to share
enroll our slavery. We work to identify and reduce the risk of forced participants how to implement effective risk mitigation learnings, and establish best practices to address child
suppliers in international programs that improve labor. Our Supply Chain Standards prohibit all forms of controls, identify issues in their recruitment and hiring labor.
livelihoods, help suppliers invest in worker well-being, and forced labor and human trafficking, and set requirements processes for migrant workers, and draft an implementation
contribute aimed at reducing risk. For example, workers must not be plan for addressing these issues. “Amazon is committed to ensuring
to the social and economic development of regions where required to pay recruitment fees, and suppliers must not our products and services are
we source and operate. Programs such as SCORE and retain passports or personal documentation. During provided in a way that respects
Better Work address the holistic challenges workers face by assessments of Amazon- branded suppliers, we track where human rights, and combating
focusing on improving working conditions and promoting workers migrated from and forced and child labor in
respect for labor rights. An independent impact how much they paid in recruitment fees. If fees have been global supply chains is an important part
assessment of the SCORE program found increased paid, we require the supplier to reimburse workers in full. of that pledge. In this International Year
productivity and increased wages for Amazon suppliers for the Elimination of Child Labour, we
participating in are proud to reinforce our commitment
the program. by joining the Joint Action Pledge and
look forward to working collaboratively
with The Centre for Child Rights and
Business, peer companies, and other
stakeholders to strengthen protections
for children’s rights and eliminate child
labor.”

Leigh Anne DeWine

 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 66

Combating Forced Labor • Tech Against Trafficking is a coalition of companies

Amazon is currently working with these organizations collaborating with global experts to help eradicate
to devise holistic approaches to combating forced human trafficking using technology. Amazon sits on
labor: the organization’s steering committee and has
• Amazon supports Polaris, a nonprofit leading a social leveraged the expertise and resources of AWS to help
justice movement to fight sex and labor trafficking at the explore and scale the use of technology solutions
massive scale of the problem—25 million people across the anti- trafficking field.
worldwide deprived of the freedom to choose how they
live and work. Through the U.S. National Human • Thorn, an organization that builds technology to defend
Trafficking Hotline, Polaris has responded to more than children from sexual abuse, leverages AWS machine
73,000 situations of human trafficking since 2007. AWS learning tools in its Spotlight product. Spotlight’s
works with Polaris to infuse cutting-edge technology into sophisticated machine learning capabilities save time for
its infrastructure to accelerate the development of the investigators by automatically flagging ads likely to
largest known U.S. dataset on trafficking. With the represent victims of child sex trafficking. Investigators
guidance of survivors, Polaris uses search Spotlight’s constantly growing database of ads and
that data to improve the way trafficking is identified, how set up automated alerts to empower proactive
victims and survivors are assisted, and how communities, investigations. Spotlight has helped identify more than
businesses, and governments can prevent human 20,000 child sex trafficking victims.
trafficking by transforming the underlying inequities and • Amazon is an official corporate sponsor of Truckers
oppressions that make it possible. Against Trafficking (TAT), an organization dedicated to
• Amazon is a member of the Responsible Labor combating human trafficking in the trucking industry. We
Initiative, a multi-industry, multistakeholder initiative began incorporating TAT training modules into trainings for
focused on ensuring that the rights of workers our internal fleet of drivers to teach them how to identify
vulnerable to forced labor in global supply chains are and respond to potential victims of human trafficking.
consistently respected and promoted. Since launching this partnership, we have trained over
9,000 Amazon transportation associates.
• Amazon partners with StolenYouth, a Seattle-based
organization with the mission to end child sex trafficking • We support the UK-wide Modern Slavery & Exploitation
in the state of Washington through prevention, Helpline operated by Unseen, investing in its efforts to
connecting provide immediate and long-term assistance to potential
trafficked youth to resources and services, and victims of modern slavery and to ensure the helpline’s
empowering survivors along their path to recovery and a continued growth. The helpline provides direct response
promising future. We support StolenYouth by providing and services to potential victims of modern slavery and
both financial support and goods donations. helps shape trainings and wider services for vulnerable
people.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 67

Environmental Protection These organizations are key to helping our suppliers listen Commodities and Traceability sourcing in our supply chains. In 2022, we will implement
We are committed to sourcing products and services that to their workers and raise awareness of issues in our supply additional smelter due diligence protocols as we work
do not cause unnecessary environmental harm, and work chain. We provide our suppliers and service providers with Assessing and Mapping Risk toward 1 0 0 % of tin, tungsten, tantalum, and gold mineral
with industry experts on ways to understand the these tools in order to help them hear directly from Commodity supply chains are complicated and fragmented, smelters and refiners in our supply chain being certified
environmental impact of our products. We are a member of workers about their experiences, and to support the and improved visibility into raw material supply chains using a recognized minerals assurance program.
the Sustainable Apparel Coalition, an industrywide group of resolution better enables businesses to identify human rights and
leading apparel and footwear brands, retailers, of issues from the workers’ perspectives. Across these labor rights violations and hold suppliers accountable.
manufacturers, NGOs, academic experts, and government mechanisms used in 2021, 9 2 % of closed issues have Purchasing Practices
organizations working to reduce the environmental and had worker verification of remedial actions. In 2021, we completed our first commodity and materiality Supplier feedback on our purchasing practices is important
social impacts of apparel products around the world. As an example of our work in this area, we enrolled our risk assessment for Amazon-branded products and identified in understanding how we can improve supplier relationships
Bangladeshi suppliers in Amader Kotha, a helpline that eight commodities with salient social and environmental and understanding our potential impact on human rights in
We encourage our Amazon-branded suppliers to evaluate provides workers in the ready-made garment sector a risks as a key milestone in the development of our our supply chain. In 2021, Amazon partnered with the
their practices using the Coalition’s Higg Index, a tool to safe and effective way to report and resolve workplace responsible commodity sourcing roadmap. Better Buying Institute to capture anonymous supplier
help manufacturers measure the social and environmental issues. We provide ongoing capacity-building to feedback
performance of their facilities. We are committed to driving suppliers Focus on Cotton on our purchasing practices through an annual survey.
adoption of this assessment and helping our suppliers enrolled in Amader Kotha, assisting with grievance handling In 2021, we continued to strengthen our efforts to Benchmarked against industry peers, we identified key
understand their environmental impacts. Our aim is to mechanisms and worker voice tools. In our third year of address human rights risks in global cotton supply chains. areas, including planning and forecasting, supplier
work with industry partners and our suppliers to working with Amader Kotha, we are seeing significant Amazon joined Better Cotton’s Retailer and Brand engagement, and on-time payments, where we can
understand their environmental footprints and set goals to impact. More than 8 8 % of workers employed with our Advisory Panel on Traceability to help steer Better improve practices to drive a better supplier experience of
reduce environmental impacts. Bangladeshi suppliers reported that they were satisfied with Cotton’s initial vision and strategy toward achieving more working
In 2021, with Amazon.
Amazon partnered with Better Buying and
the usage of the Amader Kotha Helpline. In 2021, workers traceable cotton in the coming years. We also participated other brands to create an e-learning course to raise
placed 530 calls to the helpline—86% related to labor in the Responsible Sourcing Network’s initiative YESS: Yarn awareness about the importance of the issue.
Access to Effective Grievance Mechanisms issues and 4.6% related to safety issues. These cases are Ethically & Sustainably Sourced. YESS works to address
We are building our efforts to provide people connected resolved directly in partnership with factory management forced labor
to our value chain with access to effective grievance in line in the cotton value chain by providing training to, and We are proud to have been part of the effort to
mechanisms as part of our supply chain due diligence with the helpline’s protocols. managing the assessment of, spinners and fabric mills end state-imposed forced labor in Uzbekistan’s
and investments in worker well-being, and have added to identify and address forced labor in cotton cotton sector. In 2019, Amazon signed the
this as a key commitment area. Learn more about our spotlight on worker voice . production.
Focus on Minerals Cotton Campaign’s Uzbek Cotton Pledge with
In 2021, we increased our support for industry over 300 brands and retailers to raise awareness
We help our suppliers work with a number of global collaboration toward responsible mineral sourcing. We and oppose the systemic use of forced labor in
partners to provide supply chain workers with access to remain members of the Public-Private Alliance for Uzbekistan’s cotton production. As of March
effective grievance mechanisms, including the Amader Responsible Minerals 2022, the International Labour Organization has
Kotha Helpline in Bangladesh; Ulula in China, Cambodia, Trade and the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI). We also independently verified that the government of
India, Pakistan, enhanced our cobalt due diligence program using the Uzbekistan has ended the practice of state-
and the UK; the amfori SPEAK FOR CHANGE RMI’s cobalt reporting template. imposed forced labor in its cotton sector and the
Programme in Vietnam; the Responsible Labor We supported RMI’s Smelter Audit Fund to increase Cotton Campaign has lifted the Uzbek Cotton
Initiative’s Suara Kami helpline in Malaysia; and Sedex assessments for tin, tungsten, tantalum, and gold Pledge, ending the boycott of Uzbek cotton.
Direct Worker Reporting in India. smelters. These assessments are critical to responsible
mineral
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 68

Supplier Assessments We share our supplier assessment data (see Appendix) Our assessment data reflects findings for suppliers assessment tool, which requires suppliers to provide records
to demonstrate our commitment to transparency and evaluated in 2019, 2020, and 2021, and includes and documentation in real time. We now provide suppliers
We assess our suppliers of Amazon-branded products contribute to industrywide knowledge on complex and assessments of suppliers we no longer work with, or with with additional notice of this expectation to help preempt
across four main categories: 1) Labor, 2) Health and Safety, changing supply chain conditions. In 2021, we which we never began a business relationship. Assessments transparency issues. In other cases, the increased rate of
3) Environment, and 4) Ethics. These categories are divided conducted 5,952 assessments to help us determine may have findings in specific categories represents industrywide
into subcategories, such as nondiscrimination, emergency which suppliers to work with and, for those we do found more than one issue listed. We accept challenges that require industry-level, long-term solutions.
preparedness, hazardous substances, and transparency. engage, to help us understand and continually improve assessments completed by qualified independent audit We have dedicated teams engaging directly with our
Findings within each subcategory are flagged as High, those suppliers’ practices. We utilize three types of firms based on our own assessment standards and suppliers on key safety-, wage-, and working hours-related
Medium, or Low depending on the level of severity. assessments: those of industry findings. We recognize that we cannot address many of
Amazon focuses on setting a high bar for new suppliers • Pre-Production Assessments: Suppliers must submit associations, including Sedex, amfori, and RBA; these systemic issues alone, and we are committed to
and refusing to go to production until suppliers remediate an Amazon-approved assessment of their facilities certification standard Social Accountability International engaging in industry-level interventions in order to drive
High-level findings identified in our assessments. We before beginning production of Amazon-branded (SA8000);
Our and the
assessment Better
data helpsWork program.where to focus our
us determine improvement
recognize that some issues may take time to effectively products (28% of assessments conducted in 2021 efforts and resources, and provides insight into in working conditions. We are dedicated to working with
remediate. For Medium-level issues, we expect suppliers to were Pre-Production Assessments). industrywide challenges and systemic issues. We are our suppliers to understand root causes and build
show they continually innovating to include new assessment types and strong management systems to address and mitigate
are making meaningful progress toward remediation • Ongoing Assessments: Suppliers must submit Amazon- data sources in issues.
Learn more about our supplier assessments .
within a defined timeline. For Low-level issues, we monitor approved assessments on an ongoing basis while our due diligence program. We attribute the increase in
suppliers for continual improvement. We have dedicated producing Amazon products (51% of assessments transparency issues to the 2021 introduction of a
teams based in key sourcing countries around the globe conducted in 2021 were Ongoing Assessments). remote
that work directly with our suppliers to identify solutions
to • Verification Assessments: Where issues are identified,
challenging problems and promote open dialogue. We seek suppliers must develop a corrective action plan
to create long-term relationships with suppliers that align detailing actions to address identified issues and a
with our values and are committed to constantly improving long-term plan to prevent reoccurrence, and where
conditions. Where we see trends in issues beyond individual necessary, must undergo a follow-up assessment to
suppliers, such as widespread health and safety deficits or remediate issues (21% of assessments conducted in
industrywide failures to responsibly protect migrant 2021 were Verification Assessments).
workers, we work to define regional or global strategies to
address underlying systemic challenges.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 69

Supporting Our Approach Supporting Charitable Organizations

With AmazonSmile Donations

Our Working alongside community partners, we create solutions

to some of the world’s most pressing challenges and build AmazonSmile makes it easier for Amazon

Communities
long-term programs that have a lasting, positive impact. customers to give back to charitable causes with just
We work to address immediate needs, such as reducing one click.
hunger and homelessness, providing affordable housing, and AmazonSmile is available in the U.S., Germany, and
serving communities in need following natural disasters. We the UK, and offers customers the opportunity to
Amazon’s culture is built around also look to the future, by providing programs that support support their favorite charity from a list of over a
solving impossible problems—a science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education million organizations. Amazon donates 0.5% of the
culture we know has the power to and skills training. purchase price of eligible orders to the chosen charity.
Customers can also donate items directly to charities
drive meaningful change. We look
using AmazonSmile Charity Lists.
to leverage our scale for good and Access to Food and Basic
use our ability to innovate quickly Needs AmazonSmile donations support charities ranging
to strengthen communities We help address urgent issues faced by children and from global humanitarian efforts and animal welfare
families from underserved communities by improving groups to parent-teacher associations and local
around the world where our access to food and basic necessities. We leverage our hospitals.
employees live and work. logistics network Organizations around the world have been able to
to support food banks and community organizations, expand their work and make a meaningful impact in

20M 225M+
delivering groceries and pre-packaged meals directly their communities thanks to these donations and
to vulnerable families. the customers who choose to shop using
We also work to eliminate barriers to learning by providing AmazonSmile.
Meals delivered as of 2021 In-kind donated items,
students with clothing, hygiene products, and other
in 25+ U.S. cities, as well as including personal
in communities in protective equipment supplies that help them focus on their studies. We donate “Donations from AmazonSmile support
Australia, Japan, and essentials, in 2021 to nonprofits supporting school districts in Washington Save the Children’s work in the U.S. and
Singapore, Spain, and the state’s Puget Sound region, Northern Virginia, and around the world. With funds from
UK Nashville, Tennessee. As of 2021, Amazon has provided AmazonSmile donations, Save the

~4K 12M
more than Children can provide temporary learning
$8 million and 50,000 instances of support to centers for more
students and their families since 2018. than 3,500 children who are out of
Nonprofits supported In-kind donations of
across the U.S. in 2021 school supplies and other
school amid conflict, deliver food for
through in-kind personal essential items to meet more than 14,000 children missing
protective equipment hyperlocal community meals due to the pandemic, and equip
donations needs in communities 14 mobile health units, ensuring vital
where we operate care to thousands more. We couldn’t do
throughout North America, it without you.”
the UK, and Europe
Perry Yeatman
Head of Corporate, Save the Children U.S.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 70

Health Equity for Communities • Whole Cities Foundation expands healthy food access Sourced for Good scholarships, planting trees, and more—with millions of
and nutrition education by partnering with community- In 2021, Whole Foods Market launched Sourced for Good , dollars raised annually for hundreds of communities
In 2021, AWS committed $40 million over three years to led organizations to build thriving local food systems. an exclusive program dedicated to helping customers easily across 12 countries.
help organizations develop solutions to improve health identify products that support workers, communities, and
outcomes for underserved or underrepresented • Whole Kids Foundation supports schools and environmental stewardship where our products are sourced.
communities. The program is open to inspires families to improve children’s nutrition and With our Sourced for Good seal, we are committed to Supporting Local Producers
organizations around the world that want to harness AWS wellness. demystifying the decision-making process by helping our We support local food producers through Whole Foods
technology and expertise to advance health equity in any Each quarter, Whole Foods Market supports nearly 500 customers easily identify these products. Market. In addition to featuring local products in our
of the following areas: community-based nonprofits with aligned missions and stores, we are providing loans to small, local, independent
• Increasing access to health services values through the Team Member Directed Giving program. Customers can find the Sourced for Good seal on more farmers and artisanal food producers to help them
for underserved communities This program is led by local team member networks and than 100 products in stores, including on bananas, expand their businesses through the Whole Foods Local
• Reducing disparities by addressing social focuses on addressing specific needs within each asparagus, peppers, tomatoes, and tulips. We’ve also Producer Loan
determinants of health community we serve. From October to December 2021 expanded the program to seafood as well as to domestic Program . Loan recipients have included organic vegetable
• Leveraging data to promote more equitable alone, suppliers, as we strive to serve more communities. farmers, a heritage turkey grower, a nutritional protein bar
and inclusive systems of care Whole Foods Market donated more than $1.1 million Purchasing Sourced for Good products directly contributes maker, and many others. The Local Producer Loan
to 489 nonprofits in the U.S. and Canada. to causes that Whole Foods Market and our customers Program has provided more than 370 loans since 2007,
This program gives organizations another way to access AWS champion, including representing
credits and technical expertise to advance their missions. fair wages, ethical trade, improved health care access, $26 million in capital, to our suppliers. In 2021 alone, more
than $536,000 was awarded through six loans.
In collaboration with local nonprofits, AWS also launched
community development initiatives in villages adjoining
AWS infrastructure sites in West Java, Indonesia, and Celebrating 10 Years of Growing 10 years of impact through Whole Kids
Foundation:
Telangana, India. Initiatives include renovation of schools, Healthy Kids
provision of clean water facilities, toilets, waste
management systems, hyperlocal environmental initiatives,
and skill development programs for local youth.
Ten years ago, a cash register campaign—as well as the
enthusiasm of contributing team members and customers—
10M
Students
7K+
Gardens
planted a seed of an idea, which eventually grew into
Whole Kids Foundation. The idea: Given the right

12K+ 6K+
Whole Foods Market opportunities, kids will get excited about fresh fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, and other nutritious whole foods.
Whole Foods Market was founded with the purpose to Since its founding in 2011, Whole Kids Foundation’s
Schools Salad bars
nourish people and the planet. To make an impact in our community investments in the
communities, Whole Foods Market has three foundations to
support strategic programs that make an impact across the
U.S., Canada, and the UK have increased access to nutritious
school food and transformed the way students eat and 22K+
Trained teachers
700
Beehives
globe: think about food. The Foundation facilitates environments
• Whole Planet Foundation is committed to alleviating and partnerships to create lasting change.
global poverty for people living in communities in the U.S. Learn more about the Whole Kids Foundation .
and around the world that supply products for Whole
Foods Market stores.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 71

Fresh Thinking in Disaster Disaster Relief and Response In addition, we provide support and financial assistance,
Relief Planning often in the form of grants, to employees and partners
Amazon’s disaster relief and response efforts leverage facing unexpected hardship. In 2021, we provided more
To enable an even faster response to natural our innovative technologies and global logistics network than 19,000 grants, totaling $14 million, for natural disaster
disasters, we opened our first disaster relief hub in to provide fast and effective aid for communities relief, including hardship due to a COVID-19 diagnosis or
our Atlanta fulfillment center in 2021—a major impacted by natural disasters. We have filled cargo jets quarantine. We also supported nearly 1,800 employees,
advancement in disaster relief planning. and shipped partners, and their families with nearly 100,000 essential
truckloads of Amazon-donated items to communities across items, nearly 17,000 hot meals, and critical personal
It can take multiple days to respond to a natural disaster the globe. We also enable customers to donate products services such as housing, transportation, and counseling.
and assess, procure, consolidate, and pack supplies. To and cash on Amazon.com and we help disaster response
accelerate this process, Amazon analyzed data across organizations expedite their response efforts at scale

28
four years of support to prepare ahead of hurricane through AWS. Since 2017, we have donated more than
season in the U.S. and Caribbean. 18 million relief supplies and emergency aid items,
including flashlights, tents, and search and rescue
Natural disasters Amazon
We donated and pre-stocked over 500,000 relief equipment.
In 2021, Amazon supported global communities provided relief for in 2021
supplies in our hub, which spans 10,000 cubic feet— impacted by natural disasters, including:

18M+
big enough to fill an Amazon Air 767 cargo plane.
This • Severe floods in Western Europe
preparation ensured readiness for helping six of Amazon’s and New South Wales, Australia
• Wildfires in Turkey and Canada Relief supplies Amazon
humanitarian relief partners, and the hub was
• A tornado in the Czech Republic has donated and
instrumental in providing support to Louisiana
delivered since 2017
communities following Hurricane Ida. • A volcanic eruption in Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines
• Monsoon season in India
“Amazon’s donation of critical relief
• An earthquake in Haiti
supplies and advance pre-positioning
• Winter storms in Texas, Mississippi,
efforts allow the American Red Cross to
Tennessee, and Alabama
stand ready to help at a moment’s notice. Through the AWS Disaster Preparedness and Response
We’re honored to count Amazon as one program, we work alongside governments, nonprofits,
of our most valued international aid organizations, and private entities. We
partners and are grateful for their continued offer support through cloud computing technology,
support to fulfill our mission.” technical expertise, and volunteer time to help
communities at every stage of a disaster lifecycle.
Trevor Riggen
Senior Vice President, Disaster Cycle Services, American
Red Cross
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 72

Skills Training and STEM The AWS Infrastructure Community Engagement Program
Education Programs
Amazon believes in the power of education to unlock
1.8M
Students reached through
(AWS InCommunities) forges local relationships and creates
community- focused programs where AWS builds, operates, and is
expanding our physical infrastructure. AWS InCommunities focuses on
human potential, which is why we are investing in a Amazon four key pillars:
range of subjects and tools to help children, higher Future Engineer in 2021
education students, and adults tap into their potential. Amazon Future Engineer also awards 250 students in 1. STEM/STEAM (STEM + arts) education, equity, and access
the U.S. each year with $40,000 scholarships and 2. Local tech upskilling
Skills training and STEM education can have a big impact paid 3. Environmental stewardship
in an increasingly digitized, technological world, and we internships at Amazon, as well as honoring Teacher of the 4. Employee engagement
are helping people pursue careers of the future through Year Award winners with more than $30,000 for
computer science and coding skills. In 2020, we pledged themselves and their schools. In addition, AWS InCommunities’ Signature Programs use AWS’ unique
to Through Amazon Future Engineer, Amazon announced a resources to develop or inspire future builders from
help 29 million people around the world grow their new Advanced Placement Computer Science underrepresented and underserved communities. These include Girls’
technical skills with free cloud computing skills training by programming curriculum , in partnership with Code.org. Tech Day, AWS Tech Week, Family Tech Series, and Think Big Space.
2025. To support this commitment, we have a number of Designed with equity at its core, the curriculum is

10K+ 1.2M
initiatives, ranging from equipping higher education intended to empower every student, regardless of their
institutions with background, to envision themselves using computer
a free, ready-to-teach cloud curriculum to helping science to bring their dreams to life.
Employee volunteer hours Positive community
teachers bring coding classes to rural areas, and inspiring
interactions
girls and young women to pursue careers in tech. Our AWS launched a $10 million scholarship program to
programs prepare underrepresented and underserved students
include Amazon Future Engineer , AWS Training and
Certification , AWS re/Start , AWS Academy , AW
globally for careers in machine learning. In addition, the
AWS InCommunities Scholarship Program offers a
Technology
S Educate
For example,, Amazon
AWS Think
partnership with Girls
childhood-to-career
Big Experience
Future Engineer is,our
in Tech science
computer , and AWS
ourglobal
GetITcreated
program .
total of $100,000 in scholarships to students from U.S.
states where AWS has data center operations to
Ireland CSR Award
Received for our “Take on a Cause” program sponsoring
to inspire and educate thousands of students each year support their higher education ambitions in STEM. The nonprofits and community groups
from underserved and underrepresented communities. program is open to students enrolling in courses such
As part of this program, students explore computer as electrical and electronics engineering, computer

Special Commendation
science science, artificial intelligence, biochemistry, software
by meeting actual Amazon employees in virtual live career engineering, and physics. Since 2019, AWS has
talks or explorations of our real-world innovations. In 2021,
Amazon Future Engineer reached 1.8 million students, and
awarded 120 scholarships to students across four U.S.
states. Award
it is now available in the U.S., the UK, India, France, Received from the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce
Germany, and Canada. & Industry for our contributions to COVID-19 relief efforts in
India
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 73

Housing Equity
We believe that all people should have access to
housing they can afford. In January 2021, Amazon
$1.2B+
Loans and grants funded
launched
the Amazon Housing Equity Fund , a commitment of
over $2 billion to preserve and create more than
20,000 affordable homes in three communities where
8K+
Affordable homes
we have a
created
high concentration of employees: Washington state’s Puget
or preserved
Sound region; Washington, D.C., and Arlington, Virginia;
and Housing
The Nashville, Tennessee.
Equity Fund helps create inclusive
housing developments and preserve existing housing
through low-rate loans and grants to community-
18K+
People supported
based
organizations, mission-driven housing providers, traditional
and nontraditional public agencies, and minority-
led organizations.
As of March 2022, the Amazon Housing Equity Fund
had a significant, positive impact on rental affordability
in
communities Amazon calls home, with more than $1.2
billion in loans and grants committed. These commitments
have preserved or created over 8,000 affordable units to
house more than 18,000 people.

Learn more about our progress in

our Housing Equity Fund Impact Report .
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 74

In This Section

Corporate Governance

Business Ethics

Advocacy and Public Policy

Partnerships

Governance
Governing for an Agile,
Resilient, and Responsible
Amazon
Strong governance is behind the culture of
invention and curiosity that has driven our
business across regions and industries. Today,
our focus is on implementing best practice
governance principles to operate an ethical
business that our stakeholders trust.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 75

Corporate Board Leadership and Risk

Oversight
Board and Committee Engagement in 2021
The Board meets regularly during the year, holds special
The Leadership Development and Compensation
Committee held six formal meetings during 2021 and

Governanc Amazon’s Board of Directors regularly reviews reports on

various aspects of our business, including related risks
meetings, and acts by unanimous written consent whenever
circumstances require. During 2021, there were five
reviewed matters that included:

e
and the strategies for addressing them. While the entire meetings of the Board. In addition, the Board participated in • Design, amounts, and effectiveness of
Board has overall responsibility for risk oversight, the regularly scheduled teleconference discussions on various Amazon’s compensation for senior executives
Board has delegated responsibility for certain risks to its topics, generally on a monthly basis. • Management succession planning
committees. • Our benefit and compensation programs
Amazon’s Board of Directors is The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee • Our human resources programs, including review of

responsible for the control and oversees management of risks related to our environmental, held four formal meetings during 2021 and reviewed workplace discrimination and harassment reports,
sustainability, and corporate social responsibility practices, matters that included: worker safety and workplace conditions, and diversity,
direction of Amazon. The Board including risks related to our operations and our supply equity, and inclusion matters
represents the shareholders, and chain. • The Board’s composition, diversity, and skills in the • Feedback from shareholder engagement
its primary purpose is to build The Leadership Development and Compensation context of identifying and evaluating new director
Committee oversees management of risks related to candidates to join the Board The Audit Committee held seven formal meetings
long-term shareholder value. succession planning, compensation for our executive • The Board’s recruitment and self-evaluation processes during 2021 and reviewed matters that included:
officers, and our overall compensation program, including • Board compensation
our equity-based compensation plans, as well as risks • Board Committee membership and qualifications • Our risk assessment and compliance functions
related to other human capital management matters, • Consideration of Amazon’s policies and initiatives • Data privacy and security3
including workplace safety, culture, diversity, regarding the environment and sustainability, corporate • Public policy expenditures
discrimination, and harassment. social responsibility, and corporate governance • Treasury and investment matters
The Audit Committee oversees management of risks • Feedback from shareholder engagement • Tax matters
related to our financial statements and financial reporting • Accounting industry issues
process, business continuity, and operational risks, the • The performance of our internal audit
qualifications, independence, and performance of our function
independent auditors, the performance of our internal • The reappointment of our independent
audit function, legal and regulatory matters, and our auditor
• Pending litigation
compliance policies and procedures.

Learn more about our committee

charters on our Investor Relations website
.

3 As of 2022, an ad hoc committee of the Board receives reports from

management and reports to the Board at least annually on data
protection and cybersecurity matters. Learn more on page 77 .
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 76

Board Diversity Matrix Shareholder Engagement

We believe that effective corporate governance includes
Total Number of Directors 11 year-round engagement with our shareholders and other
stakeholders. In a typical year, we will engage with dozens
of shareholders, including our largest shareholders, two
Female
Male to
Directors 5 6 three times. This outreach is complementary to the
hundreds
Number of Directors Who of touchpoints our Investor Relations team has with
Identify in Any of the Categories shareholders each year. We find it beneficial to have
Below: ongoing dialogue with our shareholders throughout the
year on a full range of investor priorities. Depending on the
African American or Black 1 –
circumstance, our lead director or another independent
Asian 1 – director
In 2021,may engage
as part of ourincorporate
these conversations
governancewith
engagement,
White 3 6 shareholders as well. governance representatives at
we met with corporate
shareholders owning over 3 5 % of our stock (not counting
Board Diversity the approximately 1 3 % voted by our founder and Executive
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Chair) and responded to numerous letters from our
seeks out candidates with a diversity of experience and investors. Our direct engagement with shareholders helps
perspectives, including diversity with respect to race, gender, us better understand our shareholders’ priorities,
geography, and areas of expertise. The Nominating and perspectives, and issues of concern while giving us an
Corporate Governance Committee includes, and has any opportunity to elaborate on our many initiatives and
search firm that it engages include, women, individuals practices and to address the extent to which various
from underrepresented racial/ethnic groups, and individuals aspects of these matters are (or
who identify as LGBTQ+ in the pool from which the are not) significant given the scope and nature of our
Committee selects director candidates. When considering operations and our existing practices. We take insights
candidates as potential Board members, the Board and the from this feedback into consideration and regularly share
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee them with our Board as we review and evolve our
evaluate the candidates’ ability to contribute to such practices and disclosures.
diversity. The Board assesses its effectiveness in this regard
as part of its annual Board and director evaluation process.
Currently, of our nine independent director nominees, five
are women, two are from underrepresented racial/ethnic
groups, and three have served for five years or less.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 77

Business Bribery and Corruption Data Privacy Whistleblowing

Ethics Amazon has zero tolerance for bribery and corruption in

any form for any of our businesses. Our anti-corruption
compliance program is implemented as part of a
Amazon understands that customers care how their
personal data is collected, used, and shared, and we work
every day to earn and maintain customer trust. Across all of
Amazon provides secure and accessible channels
where employees can raise concerns and report
violations in confidence and without risk of reprisal.
centralized global compliance program, led by the Vice our products and services, our principled approach to
Amazon encourages and enforces President for privacy begins As described in our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics,
strict adherence to local, state, Business Conduct and Ethics. The program is grounded in with transparency, customer control, and security. employees can speak with anyone in their management
federal, and international laws. our Code of Conduct, which is supported by numerous We inform our customers of our privacy and data security chain or the Legal Department when they have a question
additional policies, procedures, and other communications, policies, practices, and technologies through our privacy about the application of the Code of Conduct or when in
Our Code of Business Conduct and includes an outright prohibition on bribery of any kind. notices, including the Amazon.com Privacy Notice and doubt about how to properly act in a particular situation.
and Ethics (Code of Conduct) Our Business Conduct and Ethics program includes a risk the AWS Privacy Notice . We are also enhancing The Legal Department has provided guidelines for how
outlines the behavior we assessment and compliance goal-setting process that cybersecurity awareness beyond Amazon by offering employees can report concerns. We do not allow
gathers broader business input through regular client the training we use for our own employees free to retaliation against an employee for reporting misconduct
expect from employees interviews, a whistleblower hotline, centralized investigation individuals and businesses. by others
regarding potential ethical and reporting of violations, due diligence processes in good faith. Employees must cooperate in internal
issues such as designed to detect potential compliance issues before Data Privacy Oversight investigations of potential or alleged misconduct, and
engaging in transactions with third parties, and a wide those who violate the Code of Conduct will be subject
conflicts of interest, insider trading, An ad hoc committee of the Board appointed in 2022
variety of online and in-person training about compliance- receives reports from management and reports to the to disciplinary action up to and including discharge.
discrimination and harassment, related topics and the company’s compliance policies. Board at least annually on data protection and In addition, suggestions or complaints emailed to a
and compliance. cybersecurity matters. This committee also reviews the member of the senior leadership team are considered
Amazon has extensive controls relating to financial measures implemented by Amazon to identify and Executive Escalations. Any employee can utilize this
transactions, through which groups such as accounting, mitigate data protection and cybersecurity risks. Amazon method of providing a suggestion or raising a concern to
finance operations services, accounts payable, and payroll requires employees with access to information systems, leadership.
all own processes that identify, monitor, and evaluate including All escalations are independently reviewed by Human
risks including fraud, misappropriation of assets, all corporate employees, to undertake data protection and Resources, used as a learning opportunity, and may be
corruption, and the integrity of financial reporting. Other cybersecurity training and compliance programs annually. used to update our processes to prevent gaps in the
control functions such as finance, procurement, and future.
internal audit all work together with the Business
Conduct and Ethics team to prevent, detect, and deter
corruption.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 78

Advocacy Our Approach Supporting Our Principles We publish an annual political engagement report on
our Investor Relations website. The statement details our

and Public We engage with authorities at the local, state, national,

and international levels to oversee the seamless
We believe that the public and private sectors must act
together to address the world’s most pressing
lobbying activities in the U.S. and discloses our specific
spending on ballot initiatives and public organizations,

Policy
operations of our international business through different challenges. as well as with representatives at state and local levels.
legislative demands and compliance requirements. Our We advocate on various topics that are material
Public Policy teams work with a wide range of to our business, including climate action,
policymakers, multilateral organizations, industry community
We operate in regions all over the associations, coalitions, and other partners across empowerment, immigration reform, and more. We seek out
world, and remain committed to numerous regulatory and policy issues. Like our business opportunities to partner with the public sector to advance
interests, our policy issues are broad, forward thinking, new technologies, invest in needed solutions, and support
giving customers everywhere and driven by what is best for our customers. public
In 2021,policies that provide
we supported certainty
the U.S. federaland advance
government’s
the same standard of excellence. We have publicly stated our position on several key innovation.
actions to address climate change. This included supporting
issues. These include, but are not limited to: emissions-reducing investments in the Bipartisan
Infrastructure Law and the climate provisions in the
• Our belief that the minimum federal wage should be raised proposed Build Back Better legislation. We advocated for
• Our statement that bold action is needed to combat alternative fuel vehicles, electric vehicle charging
human- induced climate change infrastructure, sustainable aviation fuels, renewable
• Our recognition of the fundamental importance of electricity data, federal fleet electrification, wind and solar
diversity, equity, and inclusion energy, and low-carbon research and development. We also
• Our support for the Black, LGBTQ+, joined the We Mean Business Coalition in calling for the U.S.
and indigenous communities to set as soon
• Our commitment to access to as possible an ambitious and attainable goal to reduce
affordable housing emissions by 2030. We also publicly supported the low-
• Our belief in the protection of data carbon fuels standard proposed by the state of
privacy Washington.
In addition, we continued to advocate for higher federal
• Our support for common sense
and state minimum wages and renewed our
immigration reform
commitment to immigrant rights and immigration reform
• Our commitment to help promote democracy and
Learn more about each of these . We collaborated with the public sector on housing equit
respect for human rights
positions on About Amazon . ygreater support and funding
and for
called for
computer science education
in public schools , especially in underrepresented
communities.
Learn more about our advocacy and public policy
work on About Amazon .
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 79

Partnerships •
•
•
Advanced Energy Buyers Group
Advanced Energy Economy
•
•
•
Closed Loop Partners, Closed Loop Infrastructure Fund
Corporate Electric Vehicle Alliance
•
•
•
Responsible Sourcing Network
Sedex
Amader Kotha Helpline Ellen MacArthur Foundation SolarPower Europe
• American Clean Power Association • Feeding America • StolenYouth
Partnerships enhance our impact • • •
American Council on Renewable Energy First Movers Coalition Sustainable Apparel Coalition
and help support sustainability • amfori • Global Logistics Emissions Council • Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises
efforts beyond Amazon. We • Article One Advisors • Global Optimism • Swasti
• • •
collaborate with credible, Aspen Institute Good360 Tech Against Trafficking
• Better Buying Institute • Green Chemistry & Commerce Council • Textile Exchange
knowledgeable, and innovative • Better Cotton • In Kind Direct • The Centre for Child Rights and Business
industry partners around the • Better Work • International Center for Research on Women Advisors • The Mara Partners
world who share our vision. • Bipartisan Policy Center • International Organization for Migration • The Nature Conservancy
• Brand Ethical Working Group • Issara Institute • The Recycling Partnership
• Building Transparency • Japan Climate Leaders’ Partnership • Thorn
• Business Alliance to Scale Climate Solutions • Leather Working Group • Truckers Against Trafficking
• Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) • Lowering Emissions by Accelerating Forest finance • U.S. Cotton Trust Protocol
• BSR HERproject Coalition • United States Council for International Business
• Carbon Leadership Forum • Nest • Unseen
• Cargo Owners for Zero Emission Vessels • Open Apparel Registry • We Mean Business Coalition
• Catalyst Management Services • PATH • WindEurope
• Center for Climate and Energy Solutions • Polaris • World Business Council for Sustainable
• Ceres • Public-Private Alliance for Responsible Minerals Trade Development
• City Harvest London • RE-Source Platform • World Economic Forum, 1t.org
• Clean Energy Buyers Association • Renewable Energy Demand Enhancement Initiative, India
• Clean Energy Demand Initiative • Resilience Fund for Women in Global Value Chains
• Clean Energy Investment Accelerator • Responsible Business Alliance
Indonesia • Responsible Labor Initiative
• Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact • Responsible Minerals Initiative
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 80

In This Section

SASB
UNGP Reporting Framework
TCFD

UN SDGs

Carbon Footprint Data

Supplier Assessments

Appendix Workforce Data

Disclaimer and Forward-

Looking Statements
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 81

Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)

SASB is an independent standards board that is accountable for the due process, outcomes, and ratification of the SASB Standards, which seek to identify financially material
sustainability information. The table below lists topics classified as applicable to the E-commerce industry. This table includes a selection of metrics from the full SASB index.

Metric Code Disclosure

Hardware Infrastructure Energy and Water

Management
(1) Total energy consumed, CG-EC-130a.1 In 2021, Amazon consumed 30.88 million megawatt-hours of electricity and reached 8 5 % renewable energy across our business. Read more about our path to achieving
(2) percentage grid electricity, 1 0 0 % renewable energy by 2025 on pages 20–21.
(3) percentage renewable

Discussion of the integration of environmental considerations into CG-EC-130a.3 AWS carefully chooses our data center locations to mitigate environmental risk, such as flooding, extreme weather, and seismic activity. We also leverage weather data from
strategic planning for data center needs the Amazon Sustainability Data Initiative to better assess the impact of weather on AWS data centers. Read more about how we are innovating for sustainability in the cloud
on pages 35–38.

Data Privacy and Advertising

Standards

Description of policies and practices relating to behavioral advertising CG-EC-220a.2 Interest-based ads are sometimes referred to as personalized or targeted ads. We show interest-based ads to display features, products, and services. Amazon offers all customers
and user privacy the choice to not receive interest-based ads through Amazon Advertising Preferences . See Interest-Based Ads , Amazon.com Privacy Notice , and About Cookies .

Data Security

Description of approach to identifying and addressing data security risks CG-EC-230a.1 We design our systems with customer security and privacy in mind. We work to protect the security of personal information during transmission by using encryption protocols
and software. We maintain physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards in connection with the collection, storage, and disclosure of personal customer information. Our
security procedures mean that we may occasionally request proof of identity before we disclose personal information to customers. Our devices offer security features to
protect them against unauthorized access and loss of data. Users can control these features and configure them based on their needs. We follow the Payment Card Industry
Data Security Standard when handling credit card data. See Amazon.com Privacy Notice .

In addition, AWS architects our network, services, and data centers to protect AWS customers’ information, identities, applications, and devices. See AWS Cloud Security
AWS Privacy Notice and
.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 82

Sustainability Accounting Standards Board

(SASB)

Metric Code Disclosure

Employee Recruitment, Inclusion, and

Performance
Employee engagement as a percentage CG-EC-330a.1 Connections is a real-time, companywide employee feedback mechanism, designed to listen to and learn from employees at scale to improve the employee experience.
Connections questions are delivered to every Amazon employee daily across 55 countries and in 26 languages, generating more than 1.5 million responses each day. Read more
about our approach to employee engagement on pages 57–58.

Percentage of gender and racial/ethnic group representation for CG-EC-330a.3 As of December 31, 2021, among people managers globally, 30.8% identify as women and 69.2% identify as men. Among people managers in the U.S., 19.9% identify as
(1) management, Asian, 1 2 % as Black, 10.9% as Latinx, 3.3% as Multiracial, 0.7% as Native American, and 53.1% as White.
(2) technical staff, and
(3) all other employees As of December 31, 2021, among senior leaders globally, 23.1% identify as women and 76.9% identify as men. Among senior leaders in the U.S., 21.5% identify as Asian, 5.5% as Black, 4.5% as
Latinx, 1.8% as Multiracial, 0.2% as Native American, and 66.4% as White.

As of December 31, 2021, among all employees globally, 44.8% identify as women and 55.2% identify as men. Among all employees in the U.S., 13.2% identify as Asian, 28.2% as Black, 23.6% as
Latinx, 3.3% as Multiracial, 1.5% as Native American, and 30.2% as White.

See our workforce data on pages 56 and 99 .

Product Packaging and Distribution

Total greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint of product shipments CG-EC-410a.1 See our carbon footprint on page 97.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 83

Sustainability Accounting Standards Board

(SASB)

Metric Code Disclosure

Discussion of strategies to reduce the environmental impact CG-EC-410a.2 Shipment Zero is our goal to deliver 5 0 % of Amazon shipments with net-zero carbon by 2030 through sustainable process improvements, recycled materials, investments in
of product delivery vehicle electrification, renewable energy initiatives, and more. In 2021, more than 100 million packages were delivered to our customers’ doorsteps across Europe with a fleet of
over 3,000 electric delivery vans and other zero-emission vehicles. Also in 2021, more than half a million packages were delivered to our customers’ doorsteps in North America
with electric vehicles (EVs). Approximately 8 % of Amazon shipments were delivered to customers in North America and Europe without additional packaging in 2021.

To decarbonize our transportation network, we are deploying zero-emission vehicles, using low-carbon fuels, investing in emerging technologies, and collaborating to
accelerate cross-sector innovation. In 2019, we ordered 100,000 custom electric delivery vehicles from Rivian and thousands more from manufacturers such as Stellantis and
Mahindra Electric. We started deploying battery EV trucks across our heavy commercial trucking fleets and began switching to vehicles that use alternative fuel sources, like
compressed natural gas trucks. Micromobility technologies, such as cargo bikes and walkers, are used to deliver packages in urban settings. Read more about how we are
decarbonizing our transportation on pages 24–25.

To reinvent and simplify our sustainable packaging options, we use a science-based approach that combines lab testing, machine learning, materials science, and manufacturing
partnerships to scale sustainable change across the packaging supply chain. Frustration-Free Packaging is our flagship program to offer more-sustainable packaging that is easy
to open, fully recyclable, and capable of shipping without additional packaging protection. Since 2015, we have reduced per-shipment packaging weight by 3 8 % and
eliminated over
1.5 million tons of packaging. Read more about how we are improving our packaging on pages 28–29.

With 274 renewable energy projects announced as of the end of 2021, Amazon is the world’s largest corporate purchaser of renewable energy and is on a path to powering our
operations with 1 0 0 % renewable energy by 2025—five years ahead of our original target of 2030. See our public methodology for more on our approach. As of 2021, 115 of
our global fulfillment facilities are powered by on-site solar, where a rooftop installation can power up to 8 0 % of the facility’s energy use. Read more about our investments in
renewable energy on pages 20–21.

Activity Metrics

Entity-defined measure of user activity CG-EC-000.A There are more than 200 million paid Prime members around the
world.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 84

UN Guiding Principles (UNGP) Reporting

Framework
The UNGP Reporting Framework provides comprehensive guidance for companies to report on human rights issues in line with their responsibility to respect
human
Section rights. This is an index of Amazon’sIndicator/Question
public content related to each subsection of the UNGP Reporting References
Frameworkand
andLinks
represents information as of June
2022.
Policy Commitment A1 What does the company say publicly about its commitment • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
to respect human rights? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ; Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ); Governance (Advocacy and Public Policy, page 78 ))
• 2022 Proxy Statement
• Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
• Global Human Rights Principles
• Our Positions
• Supply Chain Standards Manual
• Supply Chain Standards

A1.1 How has the public commitment been developed? • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
• 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ))
• Global Human Rights Principles

A1.2 Whose human rights does the public commitment address? • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
• 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 41–68 )
• Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
• Global Human Rights Principles
• Supply Chain Standards Manual
• Supply Chain Standards

A1.3 How is the public commitment disseminated? • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
• 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 39–73 )
• 2022 Proxy Statement
• Global Human Rights Principles
• Supply Chain Standards Manual
• Supply Chain Standards
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 85

UN Guiding Principles (UNGP) Reporting

Framework
Section Indicator/Question References and Links

Embedding Respect A2 How does the company demonstrate the importance it attaches • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
to the implementation of its human rights commitment? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ; Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ))
• 2022 Proxy Statement
• Corporate Governance Documents and Charters
• Supply Chain Standards Manual

A2.1 How is day-to-day responsibility for human rights • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
performance organized within the company, and why? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ; Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ))
• Corporate Governance Documents and Charters

A2.2 What kinds of human rights issues are discussed by • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
senior management and by the Board and why? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ); Governance (Corporate Governance, page ))
• 2022 Proxy Statement 75
• Corporate Governance Documents and Charters

A2.3 How are employees and contract workers made aware of the • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
ways in which respect for human rights should inform their • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 41–68 )
decisions and actions? • Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
• Global Human Rights Principles

A2.4 How does the company make clear in its business relationships • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
the importance it places on respect for human rights? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ; Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ))
• Seller Central Policies
• Supply Chain Standards Manual
• Supply Chain Standards

A2.5 What lessons has the company learned during the reporting • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
period about achieving respect for human rights, and what has • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ; Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ))
changed as a result?
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 86

UN Guiding Principles (UNGP) Reporting

Framework
Section Indicator/Question References and Links

Statement of Salient Issues B1 Statement of salient human rights issues associated with • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
the company’s activities and business relationships during • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ); Partnerships, page 79 )
the reporting period. • 2022 Proxy Statement
• Amazon France Logistique S.A.S. Duty of Vigilance Plan 2021
• Global Human Rights Principles

Explanation of B2 Describe how the salient human rights issues were • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
Salient Issues determined, including any input from stakeholders. • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ; Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ) ; Partnerships, page )
• Amazon France Logistique S.A.S. Duty of Vigilance Plan 2021 79

Geographical Focus B3 If reporting on the salient human rights issues focuses on • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
particular geographies, explain how that choice was made. • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ))

Additional Severe Impacts B4 Identify any severe impacts on human rights that occurred or • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement (See Modern Slavery in the Context of COVID-19, page 14)
were still being addressed during the reporting period, but which • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 46–68 )
fall outside the salient human rights issues, and explain how • Amazon France Logistique S.A.S. Duty of Vigilance Plan 2021
they have been addressed. • Our Positions

Specific Policies C1 Does the company have any specific policies that address its • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
salient human rights issues, and if so, what are they? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ; Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ))
• Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
• Global Human Rights Principles
• Our Positions
• Supply Chain Standards Manual
• Supply Chain Standards

C1.1 How does the company make clear the relevance and • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
significance of such policies to those who need to implement • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 41–68 )
them? • Supply Chain Standards Manual (available in 11 languages)
• Supply Chain Standards (available in 18 languages)
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 87

UN Guiding Principles (UNGP) Reporting

Framework
Section Indicator/Question References and Links

Stakeholder Engagement C2 What is the company’s approach to engagement with • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
stakeholders in relation to each salient human rights issue? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ; Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ); Partnerships, page 79 )
• Global Human Rights Principles

C2.1 How does the company identify which stakeholders to engage • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
with in relation to each salient issue, and when and how to do • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45; Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ); Partnerships, page 79 )
so?

C2.2 During the reporting period, which stakeholders has the • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
company engaged with regarding each salient issue, and why? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ); Partnerships, page 79 );

C2.3 During the reporting period, how have the views of stakeholders • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
influenced the company’s understanding of each salient issue • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ; Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ); Partnerships, page 79 )
and/ or its approach to addressing it?

Assessing Impacts C3 How does the company identify any changes in the nature of • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
each salient human rights issue over time? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ; Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ))

C3.1 During the reporting period, were there any notable trends • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
or patterns in impacts related to a salient issue, and if so, • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 46–68 )
what were they?

C3.2 During the reporting period, did any severe impacts occur that • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
were related to a salient issue and, if so, what were they? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 46–68 )
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 88

UN Guiding Principles (UNGP) Reporting

Framework
Section Indicator/Question References and Links

Integrating Findings and Taking Action C4 How does the company integrate its findings about each • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
salient human rights issue into its decision-making process • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 41–68 )
and actions? • Corporate Governance Documents and Charters
• Global Human Rights Principles
• Supply Chain Standards Manual

C4.1 How are those parts of the company whose decisions and actions • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
can affect the management of salient issues, involved in finding • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Human Rights, pages 41–45 ))
and implementing solutions? • Amazon France Logistique S.A.S. Duty of Vigilance Plan 2021

C4.2 When tensions arise between the prevention or mitigation of • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
impacts related to a salient issue and other business objectives, • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ))
how are these tensions addressed? • Corporate Governance Documents and Charters
• Global Human Rights Principles
• Supply Chain Standards Manual

C4.3 During the reporting period, what actions has the company taken • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
to prevent or mitigate potential impacts related to each salient • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 41–68 ; Partnerships, page 79 )
issue?

Tracking Performance C5 How does the company know if its efforts to address each • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
salient human rights issue are effective in practice? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ))

C5.1 What specific examples from the reporting period illustrate if • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
each salient issue is being managed effectively? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ))
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 89

UN Guiding Principles (UNGP) Reporting

Framework
Section Indicator/Question References and Links

Remediation C6 How does the company enable effective remedy if people are • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
harmed by its actions or decisions in relation to the salient • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 46–68 ; Partnerships, page 79 )
human rights issues? • Amazon France Logistique S.A.S. Duty of Vigilance Plan 2021
• Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
• Global Human Rights Principles
• Supply Chain Standards

C6.1 Through what means can the company receive complaints • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
or concerns related to each salient issue? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 46–68 )
• Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
• Global Human Rights Principles (See Employee communication)
• Supply Chain Standards

C6.2 How does the company know if people feel able and empowered • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 46–68 )
to raise complaints or concerns?

C6.3 How does the company process complaints and assess • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
the effectiveness of outcomes? • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 41–68 ; Partnerships, page )
• Code of Business Conduct and Ethics 79

C6.4 During the reporting period, what were the trends and • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
patterns in complaints or concerns and their outcomes • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society, pages 46–68 )
regarding each salient issue?

C6.5 During the reporting period, did the company provide or enable • 2021 Modern Slavery Statement
remedy for any actual impacts related to a salient issue and, if • 2021 Sustainability Report (See Society (Supply Chain, pages 61–68 ))
so, what are typical or significant examples?
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 90

Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures

(TCFD)
Our Approach Governance Metrics and Targets Climate-related Risks
and Opportunities
We aim to consistently deliver progress on our climate- We have an established governance framework to We have a comprehensive understanding of the carbon
related performance, whether in our own operations or by help ensure that risks associated with climate change emissions across our business and have done extensive We are committed to minimizing our carbon emissions
enabling meaningful change beyond our business. We take are considered at the most senior levels of our analysis to develop science-based targets, strategies, and by optimizing our transportation network and investing
a science-based, customer-centric approach to climate, business. metrics to reduce them. Learn more about the science in electric vehicles; improving product packaging to
using a structured lifecycle assessment (LCA) model to • Board Oversight: The Nominating and Corporate and technology behind our carbon footprint in our drive efficiency in the distribution of products;
measure and map environmental hotspots across our value Governance Committee of Amazon’s Board of Directors Carbon Methodology . implementing energy efficiency measures in our
chain. oversees environmental, sustainability, and corporate operations; using renewable energy to run our business;
Our approach to quantifying our carbon footprint reflects social responsibility practices, and our corporate Our carbon footprint , including Scope 1, Scope 2, and and supporting global reforestation. We have joined
the complexity of our business. Our team of researchers governance policies and initiatives. The committee also Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions, is available on page numerous industry partnerships including Ceres,
and scientists has combined cutting-edge LCA science oversees our progress on The Climate Pledge and risks 97. American Council on
and AWS technology to develop a robust software related to our operations, supply chain, and customer Amazon co-founded The Climate Pledge—a commitment Renewable Energy, Advanced Energy Buyers Group, Carbon
solution that processes billions of operational and engagement. to be net-zero carbon across our business by 2040. We Leadership Forum, We Mean Business Coalition, First
financial records • Management Oversight: Amazon’s Worldwide have a goal to deliver 5 0 % of Amazon shipments with Movers Coalition, and Clean Energy Buyers Alliance to
from Amazon’s operations across the world to calculate our Sustainability team, along with dedicated teams across net-zero carbon by 2030. We are also on a path to express support for action on climate change and to
carbon footprint. The software estimates carbon emissions the company, are working to make operational changes powering our operations with 1 0 0 % renewable energy by accelerate
for all activities within our system boundary using a dollar- that reduce or eliminate carbon in our business. Our 2025—five years ahead of our original target of 2030. See the transition to a low-carbon economy.
based environmental assessment model, then enhances the companywide carbon accounting model provides our public methodology for more on our
accuracy of carbon-intensive activities with detailed, process- specific operational metrics to business teams on their approach.
based LCA models. emissions and allows them to track progress on As part of our commitment to The Climate Pledge, we are
We categorize climate risks and opportunities by considering decarbonization. We also hold quarterly business proud to have joined the Science Based Targets initiative
customer and stakeholder expectations, regulations, reviews with Amazon leadership teams to track our (SBTi) and are working toward setting science-based
business risks, industry best practices, and emerging trends. progress. targets. This reaffirms our commitment to reduce carbon
We embed a variety of mechanisms across our business emissions in line with our ongoing science-based approach
operations to address sustainability issues, including climate- Learn more about our corporate governance . to tackle climate change.
related risks, and we integrate sustainability practices into
our everyday operations through goal-setting, metrics, and
leadership reviews.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 91

Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)

Climate-related Risks:
We have identified the following climate-related risks based on TCFD risk types and classifications. Physical risks are classified as either: 1) Acute (extreme weather events) or 2) Chronic (changing
weather patterns and rising mean temperature and sea levels). Transition risks are classified as one or more of the following: 1) Policy and Legal; 2) Technology; 3) Market; and 4) Reputation.

Risk Type Description Classification

Physical Increasing risk of flood or damages due to climate-related events could increase our physical and operational risks and the cost to insure our buildings. Repeated damage due Acute
to flooding could result in an inability to insure existing buildings.

Weather-related events such as hurricanes could cause asset damage to our buildings, prevent deliveries to customers, and negatively impact sales. Acute

Extreme and prolonged weather events such as droughts could impact water availability for data center operations. Acute

Weather-related events could impact our ability to access raw materials and deliver final products. Acute

A warming climate could increase thermal stress and outdoor associate exposure to criteria air pollutants. These stresses could negatively impact the health of our Chronic
employees, close sites, and delay customer deliveries.

As temperatures increase and water availability decreases, we could experience rising costs for data center cooling. Chronic

Transition Increasing regulations and evolving public preference may require a faster transition to a low-carbon economy, which could increase operating costs and/or reduce demands Policy and Legal; Market; Reputation
for some products and services.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 92

Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)

Climate-related Opportunities:
We have identified the following climate-related opportunities based on TCFD classifications. Opportunities are classified as one or more of the following: 1) Resource Efficiency; 2) Energy
Source;
3) Products and Services; 4) Markets; and 5) Resilience.

Description Classification

The Climate Pledge Markets; Products and

Amazon became the first company to sign The Climate Pledge after co-founding the initiative with Global Optimism in 2019. Since then, more than 300 businesses and organizations have signed the Pledge. Signatories commit to Services

reaching net-zero carbon emissions by 2040 and play a critical role in stimulating investment in the development of low-carbon products and services. Collectively, signatories generate over $3.5 trillion in global annual revenues and
have more than 8 million employees across 51 industries in 29 countries.

Read more about The Climate Pledge on pages 14–15.

The Climate Pledge Fund Resource Efficiency; Energy Source;

The Climate Pledge Fund is a $2 billion venture investment program supporting the development of sustainable technologies and services that will enable Amazon to meet our net-zero carbon goal. As of the end of 2021, Products and Services
Amazon had invested in 13 companies across multiple industry sectors since launching this fund in 2020.

Read more about our investments through The Climate Pledge Fund on pages 16–17.

Nature-Based Solutions Resilience; Resource Efficiency

Amazon invests in nature-based solutions to mitigate carbon emissions outside of our value chain and supplement the carbon-reduction efforts we are driving across our operations. In 2019, we created the Right Now Climate
Fund, a
$100 million fund for nature-based solutions to restore and conserve forests, wetlands, and grasslands around the world.

In 2021, Amazon helped to create the Lowering Emissions by Accelerating Forest finance (LEAF) Coalition, a global initiative of governments and leading companies that has already mobilized $1 billion to protect the world’s
tropical rainforests. We also partnered with The Nature Conservancy to launch the Agroforestry and Restoration Accelerator.

Read more about our work to support nature-based solutions on pages 18–19.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 93

Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures

(TCFD)
Description Classification

Renewable Energy Energy Source;

Amazon is on a path to powering our operations with 1 0 0 % renewable energy by 2025—five years ahead of our original target of 2030. See our public methodology for more on our approach.. With 274 Resilience
renewable
announcedenergy projects
as of the end of 2021, Amazon is the world’s largest corporate purchaser of renewable energy. In 2021, we reached 8 5 % renewable energy across our business, with more than 12 gigawatts of renewable energy production
capacity across our global portfolio. Once these projects are fully operational, they are expected to deliver up to 33,700 gigawatt-hours of energy annually—the electricity output equivalent to powering more than 3 million U.S. homes for
one year.

In 2021, we expanded our renewable energy footprint into new geographies, and by the end of the year, announced renewable energy projects across 18 countries. Our first solar projects in South Africa and the United Arab Emirates
came online and we announced new projects in locations including Singapore, Japan, Australia, and China. Our projects in South Africa and Japan are the first corporate-backed, utility-scale solar farms in these countries.

Read more about our investments in renewable energy on pages 20–21.

Our Buildings Resource Efficiency; Energy Source;
Amazon is working to reduce the carbon emissions associated with our buildings, from the carbon embodied in construction materials to the operational emissions from powering our activities. We leverage industry best practices Resilience
and emerging technologies in facility design and operation to drive reductions across carbon, energy, water, and waste.

In 2021, we unveiled our latest plans for sustainable design enhancements at PenPlace , the second phase of our HQ2 development in Virginia. From the start, sustainability has been a key element of our HQ2 campus, with
commitments to use 1 0 0 % renewable energy, reduce embodied carbon from construction, and achieve Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Platinum certification, the highest sustainability certification for a
development issued by the
U.S. Green Building Council. In early 2022, our Amazon Fresh location in Seattle, Washington, became the world’s first grocery store to pursue Zero Carbon Certification from the International Living Future Institute.

Read more about how we incorporate sustainability into our buildings on pages 22–23.
Transportation Resource Efficiency; Energy Source
Decarbonizing our transportation network is a key part of meeting The Climate Pledge by 2040 and making 5 0 % of shipments net-zero carbon by 2030, which is why we are actively transforming our fleet network and operations.
We are deploying zero-emission vehicles, using low-carbon fuels, investing in emerging technologies, and collaborating with others to accelerate cross-sector innovation.

In 2019, we ordered 100,000 custom electric delivery vehicles from Rivian and thousands more from global manufacturers such as Stellantis and Mahindra Electric. In 2021, more than 100 million packages were delivered to customers’
doorsteps across Europe with a fleet of over 3,000 electric delivery vans and other zero-emission vehicles. Also in 2021, more than half a million packages were delivered to customers’ doorsteps in North America with electric vehicles
(EVs).

We also started deploying battery EV trucks across our heavy commercial trucking fleets and began switching to vehicles that use alternative fuel sources, like compressed natural gas trucks. Micromobility technologies, such as cargo
bikes and walkers, are used to deliver packages in urban settings. In 2021, we helped launch Cargo Owners for Zero Emission Vessels and became a founding private sector member of the First Movers Coalition to lead decarbonization
of the maritime shipping industry.

Read more about how we are decarbonizing our transportation network on pages 24–25.
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 94

Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures

(TCFD)
Description Classification

Waste and Recycling Resource Efficiency;

Amazon is working to send less material to landfills and more back into the circular economy loop by developing waste-prevention and -reuse programs within our own operations and for our customers. Through Amazon Second Products and Services
Chance, we offer customers access to a range of services to recycle, repair, or trade in their items, as well as shop for like-new and refurbished products. At our global fulfillment centers, we use software to identify and sort eligible
items that are fit for donation. We partner with local community organizations to collect these items from Amazon facilities and distribute them to people in need. Since 2019, Amazon has contributed more than 100 million products
to our global charity partners in North America, Europe, Australia, and Japan.

We work with third-party recycling haulers to remove excess corrugated board from our facilities for off-site recycling. Many of these haulers also supply Amazon with the packaging materials that we use for customer shipments,
converting waste material recovered from Amazon operations into new, recycled packaging. For plastic film, which is not commonly accepted through municipal recycling programs, we have developed on-site recycling systems that
enable us to convert plastic film into bags made of 1 0 0 % recycled material.

We incorporate recycled plastics, fabrics, and metals into many new Amazon devices, giving new life to materials that could have otherwise ended up in waste streams. In 2021, we launched several Echo, Fire TV, Fire Tablet, Kindle,
and Smart Home devices and accessories that include up to 6 0 % recycled molded plastic, up to 1 0 0 % recycled fabrics, up to 1 0 0 % recycled aluminum, and up to 7 0 % recycled magnesium, depending on the product.

Read more about how we are reducing waste and improving recycling on pages 26–27.

Packaging Resource Efficiency;

We work to reinvent and simplify our sustainable packaging options using a science-based approach that combines lab testing, machine learning, materials science, and manufacturing partnerships to scale sustainable change across Products and Services
the packaging supply chain. Frustration-Free Packaging (FFP) is our flagship program to offer more-sustainable packaging that is easy to open, fully recyclable, and capable of shipping without additional packaging protection. By
the end of 2021, more than 2 million products qualified under our FFP programs. Since 2015, we have reduced per-shipment packaging weight by 3 8 % and eliminated over 1.5 million tons of packaging.

Read more about how we are improving our packaging on pages 28–29.

Product Sustainability Resource Efficiency;

As part of our mission to be Earth’s most customer-centric company, we are giving customers access to products that are more sustainable. This includes both our Amazon-branded products and the third-party items we offer that Products and Services
feature sustainability certifications through our Climate Pledge Friendly program. Since we launched Climate Pledge Friendly in 2020, the number of products included in the program has grown from 75,000 to more than 250,000. In
2021, more than 370 million Climate Pledge Friendly units were shipped to Amazon customers, and we welcomed 20 new third-party sustainability certifications to the program. In early 2022, we launched Amazon Aware, a new line
of everyday essential items, all with third-party certifications featured in our Climate Pledge Friendly program.

In addition to offering more-sustainable choices, we want our Amazon Private Brands to support responsible supply chains and contribute to growing circular economies. We are working to enhance the certification and traceability of
key raw materials and ingredients in our consumable products. We participate in industry partnerships and working groups that drive greater adoption of sustainable and responsible practices. Additionally, we are increasing the
amount of recycled fiber used in many of our Amazon Private Brands apparel products.

Read more about our commitment to product sustainability on pages 30–34.

 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 95

Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures

(TCFD)
Description Classification

Sustainability in the Cloud Resource Efficiency;

As the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud offering, we are designing data centers that provide the efficient, resilient service our customers expect while minimizing our environmental footprint—and theirs. We focus Products and Services
on efficiency across all aspects of our infrastructure, from the design of our data centers and hardware to modeling the performance of our operations for continual efficiency enhancements. We also offer a customer carbon footprint
tool that uses simple visualizations to show customers their historical carbon emissions, evaluate related trends as their use of AWS evolves, estimate emissions avoided through AWS compared with on-premises data centers, and
review forecasted emissions based on their current use.

Read more about AWS on pages 35–38.

Water Stewardship Resource Efficiency

Our holistic approach to water stewardship minimizes both energy and water consumption in our data center operations and guides our water use strategy for each AWS Region. This starts with evaluating climate patterns, local water
management and availability, and opportunities to avoid using potable water sources whenever possible. We are committed to conserving and reusing water, both in our on-site operations and by working with private and public entities
to support water availability in communities where we operate data centers.

Read more about our approach to water stewardship on page 37.

Amazon Sustainability Data Initiative (ASDI) Products and

ASDI helps researchers, scientists, and innovators around the world advance their work on sustainability-related research. The program provides publicly available, free access to important scientific data that can otherwise be hard for Services

researchers to access or analyze. ASDI works with scientific organizations like the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NASA, the UK Met Office, and the Queensland government to identify, host, and deploy key
datasets on the AWS Cloud, including weather observations, weather forecasts, climate projection data, satellite imagery, hydrological data, air quality data, and ocean forecast data.

Read more about ASDI on page 38.

 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 96

UN Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 global goals set by the UN General Assembly to provide a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet,
now and into the future. At Amazon, there are multiple ways our sustainability work aligns with these global goals. The following shows how our programs correspond to the UN SDGs.

Buildings and Transportation Product Sustainability Supply Chain Communities

Renewable Energy

Employee Benefits

Waste and Packaging

Diversity,
Equity, and
Inclusion Partnerships
Sustainability in
the Cloud
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 97

Carbon Footprint
Data
Amazon’s Enterprisewide Carbon Footprint, 2019–2021
Carbon Intensity 2019 2020 2021 YOY%

Carbon Intensity (grams of CO₂e per $ of GMS) 122.8 102.7 100.8 -1.9%

Emissions Category (mmt CO₂e) 2019 2020 2021 YOY%

Emissions from Direct Operations (Scope 1) 5.76 9.62 12.11 26%

Fossil fuels 5.57 9.37 11.89 27%

Refrigerants 0.19 0.25 0.22 -12%

Emissions from Purchased Electricity (Scope 2) 5.50 5.27 4.07 -23%

Emissions from Indirect Sources (Scope 3) 39.91 45.75 55.36 21%

Corporate purchases and Amazon-branded product emissions (e.g., operating

expenses, business travel, and Amazon-branded product manufacturing, use
phase, and end-of-life) 15.41 16.70 19.09 14%

Capital goods (e.g., building construction, servers and other

hardware, equipment, vehicles) 8.01 10.52 15.37 46%

Other indirect emissions (e.g., third-party transportation, packaging,

upstream energy-related) 12.44 15.77 18.00 14%

Lifecycle emissions from customer trips to Amazon’s physical stores 4.05 2.77 2.91 5%

Amazon’s Total Footprint 51.17 60.64 71.54 18%

mmt = Million metric tons; CO2e = Carbon dioxide equivalent; GMS = Gross merchandise sales
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 98

Supplier
Assessments
High- and Medium-Level Findings by Subcategory, 2019–2021 2019 2020 2021
( % of all assessment findings)
Labor

Freedom of Association <1% <1% <1%

Freely Chosen Employment 3.2% 8% 4.4%
Humane Treatment <1% 1.4% <1%
Nondiscrimination <1% 1% <1%
Subcontractor and Next-Tier Supplier Responsibility <1% <1% <1%
Wages and Benefits 40.7% 47% 40.6%
Worker Grievance/Complaint Mechanism <1% <1% <1%
Working Hours 7.9% 5.7% 5.0%
Young Workers <1% <1% <1%

Ethical Behavior

Business Integrity 2.3% 2.9% 1.7%

Transparency 2.9% 1.7% 2.7%

Environment

Hazardous Substances <1% <1% <1%

Pollution Management and Prevention <1% 3% <1%

Health and Safety

Emergency Preparedness and Response 10.5% 12.9% 7.8%

Industrial Hygiene 9.5% 16.2% 13.6%
Machine Safeguarding <1% <1% <1%
Sanitation, Dormitory, and Canteen 2.3% 1.8% 1.3%
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 99

Our Workforce
Data U.S. Race/Ethnicity

Field
2019 and Customer
47.7% Women Support (Level
52.3% Men 1–Level 3) 2019
50.6% Women 49.4% Men
2019
22.6% Latinx 33.5% Black 8.6% Asian 29.9% White
Global U.S. 1.6% Native American 3.9% Multiracial

48.5% Women 51.5% Men 50.5% Women 49.5% Men 26.4% Latinx 31.0% Black 8.7% Asian 28.5% White
2020 2020 2020
1.7% Native American 3.7% Multiracial

48.3% Women 51.7% Men 50.3% Women 49.7% Men 27.2% Latinx 32.9% Black 8.2% Asian 26.7% White
2021 2021 2021
1.7% Native American 3.3% Multiracial

Corporate Employees (Level 4–Level

7) U.S. U.S. Race/Ethnicity
Global
2019
30.1% Women 69.9% Men 2019
30.0% Women 70.0% Men 36.2% Asian 48.4% White
2019
0.5% Native American 2.9% Multiracial 6.6% Latinx 5.4% Black

31.4% Women 68.6% Men 31.4% Women 68.6% Men 34.8% Asian 47.0% White
2020 2020 2020
0.5% Native American 3.0% Multiracial 7.5% Latinx
7.2% Black

32.8% Women 67.2% Men 32.7% Women 67.3% Men 34.4% Asian 44.6% White
2021 2021 2021
0.6% Native American 3.2% Multiracial 8.7% Latinx
8.5% Black

Senior Leaders (Level

8+) U.S. U.S. Race/Ethnicity
Global
79.6% Men 78.9% Men 19.8% Asian 73.9% White
2019 2019 2019
20.4% Women 21.1% Women 0.1% Native American 1.4% Multiracial 2.9% Latinx 1.9% Black

77.9% Men 77.2% Men 20.0% Asian 70.7% White

2020 2020 2020
21.2% Women 22.8% Women 0.2% Native American 1.4% Multiracial 3.9% Latinx 3.8% Black

76.9% Men 76.0% Men 21.5% Asian 66.4% White

2021 2021 2021
23.1% Women 24.0% Women 0.2% Native American 1.8% Multiracial 4.5% Latinx 5.5% Black
 2021 Sustainability Report Introduction I Environment I Society I Governance I Appendix 100

Disclaimer and Forward-Looking

Statements
The information and opinions contained in this report are This report includes forward-looking statements within
provided as of the date of this report and are subject to the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform
change without notice. Amazon does not undertake to Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of
update or revise any such statements. This report historical
represents current Amazon policy and intent and is not or current facts, including statements regarding our plans,
intended to create legal rights or obligations. This report initiatives, projections, goals, commitments, expectations,
may contain or incorporate by reference public information or prospects, are forward-looking. We use words such as
not separately reviewed, approved, or endorsed by aim, believe, commit, drive, estimate, ensure, expect, goal,
Amazon, and no representation, warranty, or undertaking is intend, may, mission, plan, project, seek, strategy, strive,
made by Amazon as to the accuracy, reasonableness, or target, and will or similar expressions to identify forward-
completeness of such information. Inclusion of information looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect
in this report is not management’s current expectations and inherently involve
an indication that the subject or information is material risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ
to Amazon’s business or operating results. This report materially due to a variety of factors, including
was originally drafted in English and then translated into assumptions not being realized, scientific or technological
other languages. The English version is the authoritative developments, evolving
version. sustainability strategies, changes in carbon markets, evolving
government regulations, our expansion into new products,
services, technologies, and geographic regions, or other
changes in circumstances, as well as the factors set forth in
the “Risk Factors” section of Amazon’s most recent Annual
Report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings. The standards
of measurement and performance contained in the report
are developing and based on assumptions, and no assurance
can be given that any plan, initiative, projection, goal,
commitment, expectation, or prospect set forth in this
report can or will be achieved.