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Lecture Pres 3

This document discusses fixed logic circuits (FLC) and programmable logic circuits (PLC). It provides examples of different types of PLCs like PROM, PLA, PAL, and FPGA. It compares FLC and PLC, noting advantages of PLCs like shorter design to production time, lower costs from changes, and flexibility. However, FLCs have advantages for high volume applications and performance. Examples of other combinational logic circuits like multiplexers, demultiplexers, encoders, and decoders are also provided with diagrams and truth tables.

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13 views

Lecture Pres 3

This document discusses fixed logic circuits (FLC) and programmable logic circuits (PLC). It provides examples of different types of PLCs like PROM, PLA, PAL, and FPGA. It compares FLC and PLC, noting advantages of PLCs like shorter design to production time, lower costs from changes, and flexibility. However, FLCs have advantages for high volume applications and performance. Examples of other combinational logic circuits like multiplexers, demultiplexers, encoders, and decoders are also provided with diagrams and truth tables.

Uploaded by

no.1slytherinprincess
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 18

PAN ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY

DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND


ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

CSC 210: Computer Hardware


TOPIC: COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS II
Dr. M. A. Adelabu
08087171607, [email protected]
FIXED (FLC) AND PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CIRCUITS (PLC)
• So far, we have considered fixed logic circuits (CLCs) built from
gates in various applications.
• CLCs have other applications where functions realizable by the
gates’ combination can be changed even after their
manufacture.
• The class of Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) includes
• Programmable Read Only Memories (PROM, EPROM)
• Programmable Logic Array (PLA)
• Programmable Array Logic (PAL)
• Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)
• These devices are usually a combination of AND or OR gates.
COMPARISON OF FLC AND PLC

Fixed logic circuit Programmable logic circuit.


Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages
1. If we want to build a fixed logic device to perform a certain specific function, the
time required from design to the final stage when the manufactured device is
actually available for use could easily be several months to a year or so. PLD-
based design requires much less time from design cycle to production run.
2. In the case of fixed logic devices, the process of design validation followed by
incorporation of changes, if any, involves substantial nonrecurring engineering
(NRE) costs, which leads to an enhanced cost of the initial prototype device. In the
case of PLDs, inexpensive software tools can be used for quick validation of designs.
The programmable feature of these devices allows quick incorporation of changes
and also a quick testing of the device in an actual application environment. In this
case, the device used for prototyping is the same as the one that would qualify for
use in the end equipment.
Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages
3. In the case of programmable logic devices, users can change the
circuit as often as they want to until the design operates to their
satisfaction. PLDs offer to the users much more flexibility during the
design cycle. Design iterations are nothing but changes to the
programming file.

4. Fixed logic devices have an edge for large-volume applications as


they can be mass produced more economically. They are also the
preferred choice in applications requiring the highest performance level.
Programmable ROMs

PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) and EPROM


(Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) can be
considered to be predecessors to PLDs.
Programmable ROM

Internal structure of a PROM


PLA

Internal structure of a PLA


PLA

Alternative representation of PLA architecture.

Generalized representation of PLA architecture


PAL

Internal structure of a PAL


Internal architecture
of a 32×4 PROM
OTHER CLC DEVICES

• Multiplexers – also called data selector; is a combinational circuit with more


than one input line, one output line and more than one selection line.
• Demultiplexers - A demultiplexer is a combinational logic circuit with an input
line, 2n output lines and n select lines. It routes the information present on the input
line to any of the output lines
• Encoders - An encoder is a multiplexer without its single output line. It is
a combinational logic function that has 2n (or fewer) input lines and n output lines,
which correspond to n selection lines in a multiplexer. The n output lines generate the
binary code for the possible 2n input lines.
• Decoders - A decoder, is a combinational circuit that decodes the
information on n input lines to a maximum of 2n unique output lines
4 –to – 1 Multiplexer

Logic diagram of a 4-to-1 multiplexer


8–to – 1 Multiplexer and its Truth Table
Octal-to-binary encoder
Encoder Truth Table
10-line decimal to four-line BCD priority encoder and its Truth Table
1-to-4 Demultiplexer and its Truth Table

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