Systemic and scientific approach to a sastra for easy

understanding of that particular sastra is also called

Tantrayukti.
Sankar Sarma in Tantra Yukti vicara derived as
principles of Ayurveda as a whole and their application is
called tantrayukti.
The term “Tantra” means Siddhanta or school of
study or Sastra or science or Samhita. “Yukti” means
technique of study elaboration, expression etc.
Hence Tantrayukti means the methodology used in
writing a scientific treatise.
Various literary technique grammatical and
composite terminologies come under Tatrayukti.
 HISTORY OF TANTRAYUKTI

Caraka and Sushruta mentioned Tantrayukti in

Siddhisthana 12 and Uttara Tantra 65 respectively but it
needs to be kept in mind that Dridhabala (4th cent.) the
redactors of Caraka and Nagarjuna (1st cent.) redactor of
Susruta added these Tantrayuktis much later.
But much more before that Kautilya (320 BC) in his
Artha Shastra mentioned Tantrayukti in the last chapter
(15th Adikarana).
 In Caraka Samhita Dhridabala made statement that
one who is not conversant with Tantra Yuktis (canons of
exposition) does not understand the real implications of
treatise even if he has studied many of them , as a person
fails to acquire wealth in spite of his best efforts when his
fortune deserts him.
From the above statements of Caraka and Sushruta it
can be elicited that Tantrayuktis are more used to
comprehend the treatises properly and not specially for
Debate (Vadagosthi). Most special thing is that all the
treatises mentioned Trntrayuktis at the very end of the
treatise.
iv) According to Dr. Surendra Nath Dasgupta--- “Modes of
expression or Maxim” (History of Indian philosophy – Vol-
II, Page-392)

v) According to Dr. Radhakrishnam- The Tantrayukti means

“Technical terms :. (History of Indian Philosophy, vol- II,
Page- 34)

vi) According Dr. R. Shama Shastri the English Translator of

Kautilya Arthashastra the Tantrayukti means – “Pragraphical
Division of Treaise”- K.A. (English) Page. 459

vii) According to society Jamnagar- Tantrayukti means “Canon of

Exposition” ……………….. Ca. Si. (English) 12/40 Jamnagar
Publication.
LIST OF TRANTRAYUKTIS AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT
TREATISES
According to Kautilya Arthashastra
Trantrayukti according to Sushruta Samhita:
Trantrayukti according to Caraka Samhita:
According to Astanga Samgraha and Astanga Hridaya:
These two treatises followed the list of same tantrayuktis
mentioned by Charak i.e. 36 in nos.

Kautilyas Arthaastra also describes thirty two tantrayuktis

(in adhikarana 15) and is closer to Surutas than Carakas exposition.
Like Susruta, it has used ‘atikrantaveksana for atitaveksana of
Caraka. However, the following differences are observed—
1. For nirnaya it has used ‘uttarapaksa.
2. It has left anekanta but has added upamana’ keeping the total
number intact.
Caraka has described thirty six tantrayuktis. The additional
four are -
1. Prayojana (purpose).
2. Pratyutsara (Refutation).
3 Uddhära (re-affirmation).
4. Sambhava (possibility).
 Bhattara Harichandra in his commentary carakanyasa has
further added four making the total number as forty—
1. Pariprasana
2. Vyakarana
3. Vyutkrantabhidhana
4. Hetu

But as they are not mentioned in the treatise, they are

adjusted within the thirty Six ones.
5. Pariprasna is included in Uddesa.
6. Vyakarana is included in Vyakhyana.
7. Vyutkrantabhidhana is included in Nirdesha.
8. Hetu (according to cakrapani) includes different premises
(mode of acquiring knowledge) like pratyaksa or direct
observation vide Ca.Viman 8/38-42
REFERENCE OF TRANTRAYUKTIS AVAILABLE IN
DIFFERENT TREATISES:
Sl. No. Treatises Topics Reference
1 Caraka - Trantraguna Ca.Vi. 8
Trantrayukti prayojana Ca.Si. 12
Samkhya Ca.Si. 12
Nama Ca.Si. 12
Phalasruti Ca.Si. 12
2 Sushruta Trantrayukti prayojana Su.U. 65
Samkhya Su.U. 65
Name Su.U. 65
Lakshana & Udaharana Su.U. 65
Phalasruti Su.U. 65
3 Bagbhatta Trantrayukti prayojana A.S.U. 50
A.H.U. 40
Samkhya A.H.U. 50
Nama A.S.U. 50
4 Cakrapani Tantradosha Ca.Si. 12/67
Tantrayukti Nirukti Ca.Si. 12/68
Samkhya Ca.Si. 12
Nama Ca.Si. 12
Lakshana & Udaharana Ca.Si. 12/67
5 Dalhana Tantra Nirukti Su.U. 65/1
Tantrayukti Nirukti Su.U. 65/1
6 Arundatta Tatra Nirukti A.H.Su. 1/3
A.H.U. 40/78
Tantraguna A.H.U. 40
Tantradosha A.S.U. 40/78
Tantrayuktiprayojana A.H.U. 40/78
Samkhya A.H.U. 40/78
Nama A.H.U. 40/78
Lakshana Udaharana A.H.U. 40/78
7 Indu Trantrayukti samkhya A.S.U. 50
Trantrayukti Lakshana & A.Su. 50
Udaharana
8 Kautilya Artha Trantrayukti samkhya 15 adhikarana
shastra Lakshana udaharana 15 adhikarana
SUMMARIZED LIST OF TANTRAYUKTIS
MENTIONED IN DIFFERENT TREATISES:
 CLASSIFICATION

A] Based On Utility
Vakya Yojana: Yoga, Padartha,Vakyashesha,
Uddesha, Nirdesha,
Ateetaanaagataavekshana
Artha Yojana: Hetvartha, Adhikarana, Arthaapatti,
Uhya, Apavarga, Viparyaya, Yoga,
Prayojana,Upadesha, Vyakhyana,
Sambava.
B] Based On Frequency In Use

Bahuprayukta: Adhikarana, Yoga, Pradesha,

Samuchchaya, Ateetaanaagataavekshana
Upadesha, Apadesha.
Alpaprayukta: Prasanga, Anumata, Poorvapaksha,
Samshaya, Apavarga, Arthapatti,
Viparyaya, Nirvachana, Pratyutsara,
Sambhava
C] Based on clinical importance
Shabdha sadhaka: Uddesha, Nirvachana, Yoga,
Vakyashesha, Padartha, Swasanjna
Artha sadhaka: Yoga, Hetvartha, Vakyashesha,
Vyakhyana, Upadesha, Apadesha
Swasanjna.
Nyaya sadhaka: Atidesha, Nirnaya, Ekanta, Prayojana,
Adhikarana, Hetvartha,Vikalpa,
Nidarshana ,Anumata, Upadesha, Niyoga
D] Based on Research utility

Vikalpa darshaka: Anekanta, Samshaya,

Arthapatti, Padartha, Vikalpa,
Samuchchya, Upadesha
Nishchiti darshaka: Nirnaya,Ekanta, Uddhara, Niyoga
Apadesha, Anumata, Swasanjna,
Apavarga, Adhikarana.
E] Based on compositions of scientific works

Samkshepakara: Uddesha, Pradesha,

Ekanta,Vakyashesha, Viparyaya,
Atitaanaagatavekshana,
Adhikarana.
Vistharakara: Nirdesha, Atidesha, Hetvartha,
Arthapatti Prasanga,
Anekanta,Vidhana, Vyakhyana
F] Based on the Interpretation of Tantra

Shabdartha vachaka: Nirnaya, Uddesha, Ekantha,

Niyoga, Adhikarana, Apadesha,
Apavarga, Nirvachana, Anumata,
Vyakhyana, Svasanjna, Uddhara.
Gudhartha Vachaka: Uhya, Arthapatti, Hetvartha,
Atidesha, Yoga, Anekantha,Samshaya
Poorvapaksha, Nidarshana, Sambhava.
G] Based on their Importance and uniqueness

Moolabhuta (Pradhana-Basic): Adhikarana, Yoga,

Uddesha, Upadesha, Padartha,
Atitaanaagataavekshana.
Upajeevya(Gouna-Derivative): Prasanga, Vidhana,
Pradesha, Niyoga and others
H] Based on Trividha Jnanopaya

Adhyayana: Uddesha, Nirdesha, Pariprashna, Yoga, Vyakhyana

Adhyapana: Vidhana, Vaakyashesha, Atitaanaagatavekshana,

Padartha, Adhikarana, Upadesha, Nirnaya, Ekantha,
Swasanjna, Nidarshana, Pradesha, Nirdesha,
Prayojana, Nirvachana, samuchchaya.

Tadvidya sambhasha: Adhikarana, Yoga, Hetvartha, Atidesha,

Apadesha,Arthapatti, Nirnaya, Hetu, Anekantha,
Apavarga, Viparyaya,Poorvapaksha, Anumata,
Samshaya, Swasanjna, Uhya, Vikalpa,Pratyutsara,
Uddhara, Sambhava
CONTEMPORARY CONSIDERATION

FOCUS: Adhikarana, Pradesha, Uddesha, Nirnaya, Ekantha,

Anumata

PERSPECTIVE: Nirdesha, Prayojana, Upadesha, Apadesha,

Poorvapaksha, Vyakhyana, atitaavekshana, Anagatavekshana,
Niyoga, Uddhara

COVERAGE: Hetvartha, Vaakyashesha, Prasanga,

Apavarga,Viparyaya, Samshaya, Svasanjna, Uhya, Pratyuttsara

ORGANIZATION: Padartha, Yoga, Atidesha, Arthapatti, Vidhana,

Samuchchaya, Nidarshana, Nirvachana, Vikalpa, Sambhava.
 10 ‘C’s for Process of SCIENCE

1) Curiosity: Samshaya, Uhya

2) Collection and Combination
Yoga, Padartha, Vidhana, Samuchchaya, Vikalpa
3) Commitment (Related with time)
Adhikarana, Uddesha, Upadesha, Niyoga
4) Commencement (Initiated with Proper Plan)
Pradesha, Prayojana, Vyakhyana
5) Consensus (General Aggrement)
Nirdesha, Prasanga, Poorvapaksha
6) Concurrent (Agree in Opinion)
Hetvartha, Atitavekshana, Anaaghatavekshana

7) Critical Analysis
Apadesha, Atidesha, Nidarshana, Nirvachana

8) Creativity
Arthapatti, Anekantha, Pratyuttsaara, Uddhara

9) Calculation (Correct and Firm)

Vaakyashesha, Apavarga, Viparyaya

10) Congruent/Confirmation/ Conclusion

Nirnaya, Ekantha, Anumata, Svasanjna, Sambhava.
IMPORTANCE
2. YOGA
3. HETWARTHA
4. PADARTHA
5.PRADESHA
6.UDDESHA
7. NIRDESHA
8.VAKYASHESHA
9. PRAYOJANA:
10. UPADESHA:
11. APADESHA:
12. ATIDESHA:
13. ARTHAPATTI:
14. NIRNAYA:
15. PRASANGA:
16. EKANTHA:
17. ANEKANTHA:
18. APAVARGA:
19. VIPARYAYA:
20. POORVAPAKSHA:
21.VIDHAANA
22. ANUMATHA
23. VYAKHYANA
24. SAMSHAYA
25.ATEETAAVEKSHANA
26. ANAAGATAAVEKSHANA
27. SWASANJNA
28. UHYA:
29. SAMUCCHAYA:
30. NIDARSHANA
31. NIRVACHANA:
32. NIYOGA/SANNIYOGA
33. VIKALPA
34. PRATYUTSARA
 35. UDDHAARA

Research- acceptance of hypotheses

Clinical-attainment of dhatu samya
36. SAMBHAVA:
Thank You