APPROACHES IN
VALUES EDUCATION
“The unexamined life is not
worth living”
Socrates
No Time to Think
Kate Murphy
1. ONE of the biggest complaints in modern society is being
overscheduled, overcommitted and overextended. When you ask
people how they are and the stock answer is “super busy,” “crazy busy”
or “insanely busy.”
When people aren’t super busy at work, they are crazy busy exercising,
entertaining ,surfing, shopping or chatting.
2. And if there is ever a still moment for reflective thought —like waiting
in line at the grocery store or sitting in traffic — out comes the mobile
device. So it’s worth noting a study published last month in the journal
Science, which shows how far people will go to avoid introspection.
3. “We had noted how wedded to our devices we all seem to be and
that people seem to find any excuse they can to keep busy,” said
Timothy Wilson, a psychology professor at the University of Virginia and
lead author of the study. “No one had done a simple study letting
people go off on their own and think.”
Findings
In 11 experiments involving more than 700 people, the
majority of participants reported that they found it unpleasant to
be alone in a room with their thoughts for just 6 to 15 minutes.
It could be because human beings, when left alone, tend
to dwell on what’s wrong in their lives. We have evolved to
become problem solvers and meaning makers. What preys on our
minds, when we aren’t so busy, are the things we haven’t figured
out — difficult relationships, personal and professional failures,
money trouble, health concerns and so on
And until we find a resolution, or
at least some kind of understanding or
acceptance, these thoughts reverberate
in our heads. Hello insomnia! Welcome
eye bags!
1. INCULCATION APPROACH (PAGTATANIM
SA ISIP) *
• Students are forced to act according to specific desired values.
• Use of positive and negative reinforcement by the teacher
helps value inculcation.
• This can be done by a teacher's natural actions and responses.
Share with your friend!
2. AWARENESS APPROACH (PAGKABATID)
This approach helps students to identify and become
aware (cognizant, mindful) of their own values. The students are
encouraged to share their experiences.
Heinz’s wife was dying from a particular type of cancer. Doctors said a
new drug might save her. The drug had been discovered by a local chemist,
and the Heinz tried desperately to buy some, but the chemist was charging
ten times the money it cost to make the drug, and this was much more than
the Heinz could afford.
Heinz could only raise half the money, even after help from family and
friends. He explained to the chemist that his wife was dying and asked if he
could have the drug cheaper or pay the rest of the money later.
The chemist refused, saying that he had discovered the drug and was
going to make money from it. The husband was desperate to save his wife, so
later that night he broke into the chemist’s and stole the drug.
1. Should Heinz have stolen the drug?
2. Would it change anything if Heinz did not love his wife?
3. What if the person dying was a stranger, would it make any difference?
4. Should the police arrest the chemist for murder if the woman died?
3. MORAL REASONING APPROACH
(MORAL NA PANGANGATWIRAN)
• Place yourself in a role
• Experience the process of deciding
• Begin to see moral decisions in a larger
framework than your single point of view.
• It consists of the students discussing a dilemma
and by reasoning you attain a higher level of
knowledge.
4. VALUE CLARIFICATION APPROACH
(PAGLILINAW) *APPROACHES
Use both rational thinking and
emotional awareness to examine personal
behavior patterns and classify and ACTUALIZE
VALUES.
WAR
WAR
WAR
5. EVOCATION APPROACH (PAGPUKAW)
Provides a provocative (disturbing) situation for which
spontaneous reactions are elicited by giving real examples
Provides an environment which allows maximum
freedom for students
6. ANALYSIS APPROACH (PAGSUSURI)
• Study social value problems.
• Clarify value questions, and IDENTIFY VALUES in conflict.
• Determine the truth and Evidence of purported facts
• Arrive at value decision
• Apply ANALOGOUS cases
• INFER and test value principles underlying the decision.
Social Issue #1
33 dead in Itogon, Benguet; toll may rise after mining site
landslide
Thirty-three people have been confirmed dead in Itogon, Benguet and the
death toll could rise after a landslide struck an old mining site in the town in the
wake of Typhoon Ompong.Another 36 have been declared missing, while seven
others were reported injured."Kung susumahin mo, magiging parang... Hindi ko
ma-accept pero parang pupunta sa 100 po ang casualty dito sa amin," Palangdan
said.
"'Yung dating minahan na 'yan, inabandon ng Benguet Corp. Pero ang hindi
maganda po, may mga small-scale miners na pumasok sa abandoned mining
tunnels ng corporation," said Palangdan.
"'Yung dating townhouse, ginamit nila na kanilang chapel at kanilang evacuation
center. Doon sila pumunta nong papasok na 'yung bagyo," he explained.
While the individuals took refuge in the building, the Baguio-Itogon-San
Manuel National Highway collapsed, trapping the building
Social Issue # 3:
DOH 62 kids may have died after receiving Dengvaxia
November 9, 2014
• Then-President Benigno Aquino III meets Sanofi Senior Vice
President in the Asia Region.
December 22, 2015
• The Philippines grants marketing approval to Dengvaxia.
December 28, 2015
• The DOH-Family Health Office submits a request to to exempt
Dengvaxia from being included in the Philippine National Formulary.
December 29, 2015
• The Budget Department issues a ₱3.5-billion Special Allotment
Release to purchase the vaccines.
March 2016
• The World Health Organization (WHO) issues a warning on
Dengvaxia .
April 2016
• The government kicks off its ₱3.5-billion, school-based dengue
immunization program.
July 2016
• The WHO releases another paper, saying Dengvaxia may be
ineffective or may theoretically even increase the future risk of
hospitalized or severe dengue illness regardless of age.“
October 2016
• The Singapore Health Sciences Authority flags "postulated risk" of
Dengvaxia.
November 29, 2017
• Sanofi Pasteur announces the results of new clinical data analysis,
which found that Dengvaxia is more risky for people not previously
infected by the virus.
December 14, 2017
Ex-President Aquino said No one advised me against Dengvaxia
APPROACH # 7
7. COMMITMENT APPROACH (PAGTITIWALA)
YOU ARE NOT A PASSIVE REACTOR!
• It enables the students to perceive
themselves not merely as passive reactors
or as free individuals but as inner-relative
members of a social group and system.
8. ______Approach: The purpose is to
help students to perceive themselves
and act not as separate egos but
8. ___Act as part of a larger inter-related whole!
8. UNION APPROACH (PAGKAKAISA): act as part of the human race, the world
and the cosmos
