Apex Institute of Technology

Department of Computer Science &

Engineering

Soft Computing
(21CSH-345)

Dr. Mahadev
E13868
Associate Professor
CSE(AIT), CU DISCOVER . LEARN .
EMPOWER
Syllabus
Conta
Unit-3 Advanced Theories
ct
Hours
:15

Fuzzy Logic Fuzzy Set theory, Fuzzy versus Crisp set, Fuzzy Relation,
Fuzzification, Fuzzy Logic

Fuzzy Systems Fuzzy Rule based systems, Predicate logic, Fuzzy

Decision Making Fuzzy Control Systems, Fuzzy
Classification., Minmax Composition, Defuzzification
Method.

Genetic History of Genetic Algorithms (GA), Fundamentals of

Algorithms Genetic Algorithms, Encoding, Operators of Genetic
Algorithm, Basic Genetic Algorithm.
3
 Course
Objectives

To introduce soft computing concepts

and techniques of artificial neural
networks, fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic and
genetic algorithms
•
To understand the various techniques from the
application point of view.

To analyze various soft computing techniques and

decide the technique to be used in a particular
problem situation.

To implement soft computing based solutions for

real-world problems

DISCOVER .
LEARN . EMPOWER 4
 Identify and describe soft computing techniques and their
CO1 1
roles in building intelligent. Machines

CO2 Recognize the feasibility of applying a soft computing 2,4

methodology for a particular problem.

Course CO3 Apply fuzzy logic and reasoning to handle uncertainty and 3
solve engineering problems, genetic algorithms to

Outcomes
combinatorial optimization problems and neural networks
to pattern classification and regression problems.

CO4 Effectively use modern software tools to solve real 3

problems using a soft computing approach.
CO5 Evaluate various soft computing approaches for a given 4
problem.

DISCOVER .
LEARN . EMPOWER
 Table of Contents
History of Genetic Algorithms (GA), Fundamentals of Genetic
Algorithms, Encoding, Operators of Genetic Algorithm, Basic Genetic
Algorithm.

DISCOVER . LEARN .
6
EMPOWER
 Introduction to
Genetic Algorithms

7
DISCOVER . LEARN .
 General Introduction to GAs
 Genetic algorithms (GAs) are a technique
to solve problems which need optimization.

 GAs are a subclass of Evolutionary

Computing and are random search
algorithms.

 GAs are based on Darwin’s theory of

evolution and natural selection.

 History of GAs:
• Evolutionary computing evolved in the
1960s.
• GAs were created by John Holland in
the mid-1970s.
DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
 Biological Background – The Cell
 Every cell is a complex
structure of many small
“factories” working together.
 The center of this all is the
cell nucleus.
 The nucleus contains the
genetic information.

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

10
 Biological Background – Chromosomes
 Genetic information is stored in the chromosomes.

 Each chromosome is build of DNA.

 Chromosomes in humans form pairs.

 There are 23 pairs.

 The chromosome is divided in parts: genes.

 Genes code for properties.

 The posibilities of the genes for one property is called: allele.

 Every gene has an unique position on the chromosome: locus.

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

12
13
14
Basic Terminology

15
Basic Terminology

16
Basic Terminology

17
Basic Terminology

18
Genetic Algorithm Methodology

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
 • Holland, J. (1992), Adaptation in natural and
artificial systems , 2nd Ed. Cambridge: MIT
Press.

• Davis, L. (Ed.) (1991), Handbook of genetic

algorithms. New York: Van Nostrand
Reinhold.

• Goldberg, D. (1989), Genetic algorithms in

Reference search, optimization and machine learning.
Addison-Wesley.
s
• Fogel, D. (1995), Evolutionary computation:
Towards a new philosophy of machine
intelligence. Piscataway: IEEE Press.

• Bäck, T., Hammel, U., and Schwefel, H.

(1997), ‘Evolutionary computation:
Comments on the history and the current
state’, IEEE Trans. On Evol. Comp. 1, (1)

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 • http://www.spectroscopynow.com
Online
Resources •
http://www.cs.bris.ac.uk/~colin/ev
ollect1/evollect0/index.htm\

• IlliGAL (http://www-
illigal.ge.uiuc.edu/index.php3)

• GAlib (http://lancet.mit.edu/ga/)

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 • TEXT BOOKS
T1. Timothy J. Ross, “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering
Applications”.
T2. S.N.Sivanandam, S.N Deepa, “Principles of Soft
Computing”
T3. Lofti Zadeh “Fuzzy Logic and Soft Computing”
Word Scientific, 1995.

Reference T4 Samir Roy,Udit Chakraborty, “Introduction to Soft

Computing:Neuro-Fuzzy and Genetic Algorithms”,
s Pearson.
• REFERENCE BOOKS

R1. Bart Kosko, “Neural Network and Fuzzy Systems: A

Dynamic System Approach to Machine” Prentice-Hall 1998

R2. Fausett, “Fundamentals of Neural Networks:

Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications”, Prentice-

31
Hall, 1994
R3. Jack M. Zurada, “Introduction to Artificial Neural
Systems”, PWS Publishing Co., Boston, 2000.
R4. J S R Jang, “Neuro-Fuzzy & Soft Computing,”,
Pearson.
DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
 1. C.A. Peña-Reyes. Evolutionary fuzzy modelling human
diagnostic decisions. Annals of the New York Academy of
Sciences, pages 190-211, May 2004. DOI – PDF

2. C.A. Peña-Reyes and M. Sipper. Evolutionary

computation in medicine: An overview. Artificial
Intelligence in Medicine, 19(1):1-23, May 2000. DOI

Journ
3. C.A. Peña-Reyes and M. Sipper. A fuzzy-genetic
approach to breast cancer diagnosis. Artificial Intelligence in
Medicine, 17(2):131-155, October 1999. DOI – PDF

al 4. Jungang Liu, Student Member, IEEE, and Oliver W. W.

Yang, Senior Member, IEEE, “Using Fuzzy Logic Control
to Provide Intelligent Traffic Management Service for High-

Papers Speed Networks”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON

NETWORK AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT, VOL. 10,
NO. 2, JUNE 2013.

Web links

(1)
32
http://staff.cs.upt.ro/~todinca/cad/Lectures/cad_fuzzysets.pd
f

(2) Principles of Soft Computing

DISCOVER . LEARN .